第一款 犯則事件の調査
Subsection 1 Investigation of Criminal Tax Cases
Article 22-3Questioning, Examination, and Retention
When necessary to investigate a criminal tax case concerning local taxes (except in Article 22-7, hereinafter in this Subsection referred to as a "criminal tax case"), the competent tax collection official (meaning a tax collection official whose duties are specified and who is designated by the head of a local government; the same applies hereinafter in this Section) may require a suspect or a witness (hereinafter in this paragraph and paragraph (1) of the following Article referred to as a "suspect, etc.") to appear, question the suspect, etc., examine articles possessed or left behind by the suspect, etc., or take into custody articles voluntarily submitted or left behind by the suspect, etc.
The competent tax collection official may, in an investigation of a criminal tax case, make an inquiry to a government office or a public or private organization and request a report of necessary matters.
Article 22-4Official Inspection, Search, Seizure, etc.
When necessary to investigate a criminal tax case, the competent tax collection official may, under a warrant issued in advance by a judge of the district court or summary court having jurisdiction over the location of the office of the local government to which the official belongs, conduct an official inspection, a search of the person, articles, residence or other place of a suspect, etc., a seizure of articles considered to be evidence or articles subject to confiscation, or a seizure with a recording order (meaning ordering a person who retains electronic or magnetic records or another person with authority to use electronic or magnetic records to record necessary electronic or magnetic records on a recording medium or print them out, and then seizing that recording medium; the same applies hereinafter in this Section); provided, however, that with regard to the person, articles, residence or other place of a witness, a search may be conducted only where there are circumstances sufficient to find that articles to be seized exist.
当該徴税吏員は、犯則事件を調査するため必要があるときは、その所属する地方団体の事務所の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所又は簡易裁判所の裁判官があらかじめ発する許可状により、臨検、犯則嫌疑者等の身体、物件若しくは住居その他の場所の捜索、証拠物若しくは没収すべき物件と思料するものの差押え又は記録命令付差押え(電磁的記録を保管する者その他電磁的記録を利用する権限を有する者に命じて必要な電磁的記録を記録媒体に記録させ、又は印刷させた上、当該記録媒体を差し押さえることをいう。以下この節において同じ。)をすることができる。ただし、参考人の身体、物件又は住居その他の場所については、差し押さえるべき物件の存在を認めるに足りる状況のある場合に限り、捜索をすることができる。
Where the article to be seized is a computer, the competent tax collection official may, after copying electronic or magnetic records onto that computer or another recording medium from a recording medium connected to that computer by a telecommunications line that is in circumstances sufficient to find that it is being used to retain electronic or magnetic records created or modified by that computer, or electronic or magnetic records that can be modified or erased by that computer, seize that computer or that other recording medium.
In the cases of the preceding two paragraphs, where urgency is required, the competent tax collection official may take the dispositions in the preceding two paragraphs under a warrant issued in advance by a judge of the district court or summary court having jurisdiction over the location of the articles or place to be inspected, the person, articles or place to be searched, the articles to be seized, or the person who is to have electronic or magnetic records recorded or printed out.
When requesting a warrant under paragraph (1) or the preceding paragraph (except in Article 22-19, paragraphs (4) and (5), hereinafter in this Subsection referred to as a "warrant"), the competent tax collection official must provide materials showing that a criminal tax case exists.
When a request under the preceding paragraph has been made, a judge of the district court or summary court must deliver to the competent tax collection official a warrant stating the name of the suspect (for a corporation, its name), the name of the offense, the articles or place to be inspected, the person, articles or place to be searched, the articles to be seized, or the electronic or magnetic records to be recorded or printed out and the person who is to have them recorded or printed out, the official title and name of the requester, the validity period, a statement that execution may not be commenced after the expiration of that period and the warrant must be returned, the date of issuance, and the name of the court, bearing the judge's own name and seal.
In the case of paragraph (2), a judge of the district court or summary court must state in the warrant, in addition to the matters prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the scope of the recording media connected by a telecommunications line to the computer to be seized from which electronic or magnetic records are to be copied.
The competent tax collection official may deliver a warrant to another competent tax collection official of the local government to which the official belongs and have that official conduct the official inspection, search, seizure or seizure with a recording order.
Article 22-5Seizure from Persons Handling Communications Services
If necessary for investigating a criminal tax case, the competent tax collection official may, upon receiving a warrant, seize documents concerning postal items, items of correspondence delivery or telegrams sent by a suspect or sent to a suspect, which are kept or held by a person handling communications services under the provisions of laws and regulations.
The competent tax collection official may, upon receiving a warrant, seize documents concerning postal items, items of correspondence delivery or telegrams that do not fall under the provisions of the preceding paragraph and that are kept or held by a person handling communications services under the provisions of laws and regulations, only where there are circumstances sufficient to find that they are related to a criminal tax case.
If the competent tax collection official has taken a disposition under the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, the official must notify the sender or recipient to that effect; provided, however, that this does not apply if there is a risk that the notification would impede the investigation of a criminal tax case.
Article 22-6Request for Preservation of Electronic or Magnetic Records of Communication History
If necessary for conducting a seizure or a seizure with a recording order, the competent tax collection official may request in writing a person who operates a business of providing telecommunications facilities for the communications of others, or a person who has installed telecommunications facilities capable of mediating the communications of unspecified or many persons for the person's own business, to specify the necessary part of the electronic or magnetic records of communication history, such as the sender, the recipient and the date and time of telecommunications, that the person records in the course of that business, and not to erase them, specifying a period not exceeding 30 days. In this case, if the official has come to find that there is no need to conduct a seizure or a seizure with a recording order concerning those electronic or magnetic records, the official must withdraw the request.
The competent tax collection official may, if especially necessary, extend the period for which a request not to erase has been made under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, within a range not exceeding 30 days; provided, however, that the period for which a request not to erase is made may not exceed 60 days in total.
When making a request under the provisions of paragraph (1), the competent tax collection official may, if necessary, request that matters relating to the request not be disclosed without good reason.
Article 22-7On-Site Inspection, Search, or Seizure in Flagrant Offense Cases
With regard to a criminal tax case concerning an indirect local tax (meaning the light oil delivery tax or any other local tax specified by Cabinet Order; the same applies hereinafter in this Section), if there is a person who is committing an offense or who has just finished committing an offense, and it is necessary to collect what is found to be evidence thereof and urgency is required so that a warrant cannot be obtained, the competent tax collection official may conduct the on-site inspection, search or seizure under Article 22-4, paragraph (1) at the scene of the offense.
当該徴税吏員は、間接地方税(軽油引取税その他の政令で定める地方税をいう。以下この節において同じ。)に関する犯則事件について、現に犯則を行い、又は現に犯則を行い終わつた者がある場合において、その証拠となると認められるものを集取するため必要であつて、かつ、急速を要し、許可状の交付を受けることができないときは、その犯則の現場において第二十二条の四第一項の臨検、捜索又は差押えをすることができる。
With regard to a criminal tax case concerning an indirect local tax, if there is a person who possesses an article used in an offense or an article obtained through an offense, or who is clearly found to have committed an offense a short time before because of conspicuous traces of the offense, and it is necessary to collect what is found to be evidence thereof and urgency is required so that a warrant cannot be obtained, the competent tax collection official may conduct the on-site inspection, search or seizure under Article 22-4, paragraph (1) with regard to the articles possessed by that person.
当該徴税吏員は、間接地方税に関する犯則事件について、現に犯則に供した物件若しくは犯則により得た物件を所持し、又は顕著な犯則の跡があつて犯則を行つてから間がないと明らかに認められる者がある場合において、その証拠となると認められるものを集取するため必要であつて、かつ、急速を要し、許可状の交付を受けることができないときは、その者の所持する物件に対して第二十二条の四第一項の臨検、捜索又は差押えをすることができる。
第二十二条の八(電磁的記録に係る記録媒体の差押えに代わる処分)
Article 22-8Disposition in Lieu of Seizure of Recording Media Relating to Electronic or Magnetic Records
If the article to be seized is a recording medium relating to electronic or magnetic records, the competent tax collection official may, in lieu of the seizure, take the following dispositions:
copying, printing out or transferring the electronic or magnetic records recorded on the recording medium to be seized onto another recording medium, and then seizing that other recording medium; or
差し押さえるべき記録媒体に記録された電磁的記録を他の記録媒体に複写し、印刷し、又は移転した上、当該他の記録媒体を差し押さえること。
having the person subject to the seizure copy, print out or transfer the electronic or magnetic records recorded on the recording medium to be seized onto another recording medium, and then seizing that other recording medium.
差押えを受ける者に差し押さえるべき記録媒体に記録された電磁的記録を他の記録媒体に複写させ、印刷させ、又は移転させた上、当該他の記録媒体を差し押さえること。
第二十二条の九(臨検、捜索又は差押え等に際しての必要な処分)
Article 22-9Necessary Dispositions in Conducting Official Inspection, Search, Seizure, etc.
If necessary for conducting an on-site inspection, search, seizure or seizure with a recording order, the competent tax collection official may unlock locks, open seals and take other necessary dispositions.
The dispositions set forth in the preceding paragraph may also be carried out with regard to retained articles, seized articles or articles seized with a recording order.
前項の処分は、領置物件、差押物件又は記録命令付差押物件についても、することができる。
Article 22-10Request for Cooperation to Persons Subject to Dispositions
If the article to be inspected on site or the article to be seized is a recording medium relating to electronic or magnetic records, the competent tax collection official may request the person subject to the on-site inspection, or the search or seizure, to provide necessary cooperation, such as the operation of a computer.
Article 22-11Presentation of Warrants
The competent tax collection official must present the warrant for the on-site inspection, search, seizure or seizure with a recording order to the person subject to those dispositions.
Article 22-12Proof of Identity
When conducting questioning, inspection, retention, on-site inspection, search, seizure or seizure with a recording order under the provisions of this Subsection, the competent tax collection official must carry a certificate proving the official's identity and present it if requested by a person concerned.
Article 22-13Assistance of Police Officers
The competent tax collection official may request the assistance of police officers if necessary when conducting an on-site inspection, search, seizure or seizure with a recording order.
Article 22-14Attendance of the Owner, etc.
When conducting an on-site inspection, search, seizure or seizure with a recording order in a person's residence, or in a mansion, building or other place guarded by a person, the competent tax collection official must have the owner or administrator thereof (including the representative, agent or other person acting in the place of such persons), or an employee of such persons or a relative living with them who has reached the age of majority, attend.
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the competent tax collection official is unable to have the persons prescribed in that paragraph attend, the official must have a neighbor who has reached the age of majority, or a police officer or an employee of a local government (excluding the local government to which the competent tax collection official belongs) of that area, attend.
When conducting an on-site inspection, search or seizure under the provisions of Article 22-7, if urgency is required, the competent tax collection official is not required to comply with the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs.
When conducting a search of the body of a woman, the competent tax collection official must have an adult woman present. However, this does not apply in cases where urgency is required.
当該徴税吏員は、女子の身体について捜索をするときは、成年の女子を立ち会わせなければならない。ただし、急速を要する場合は、この限りでない。
Article 22-15Preparation of Inventories of Retained Articles, etc.
When the competent tax collection official has effected retention, seizure or seizure with a recording order, the official must prepare an inventory thereof and deliver a copy to the owner, possessor or custodian (including a person who has been subject to a disposition under Article 22-8) of the retained articles, seized articles or articles seized with a recording order, or to a person who is to act in their stead.
定義第十五条の二第九項第二号・この章の中だけ
電子的方式、磁気的方式その他人の知覚によつては認識することができない方式で作られる記録であつて、電子計算機による情報処理の用に供されるもの
略称規定第二十条第四項・この規定及び第二十条の五の三及び第二十二条の五の中だけ
…この法律に特別の定めがある場合を除き、その郵便物又は民間事業者による信書の送達に関する法律第二条第三項に規定する信書便物(第二十条の五の三及び第二十二条の五において「信書便物」という。)は…
わかりやすく言うと
信書便のサービスで送り届けられる信書のことで、その包装や、包装に入れられた信書以外の物も含みます(民間事業者による信書の送達に関する法律第二条第三項)。
略称規定第二十二条の三第一項・この款の中だけ(第二十二条の七を除く)
当該徴税吏員(地方団体の長がその職務を定めて指定する徴税吏員をいう。以下この節において同じ。)は、地方税に関する犯則事件(第二十二条の七を除き、以下この款において「犯則事件」という。)を調査するため必要があるときは…
わかりやすく言うと
地方税に関する罪に当たる行為(犯則)の疑いがある事件で、地方団体の長が指定する徴税吏員が調査するもののことです。この款のうち第二十二条の七を除く規定で使われる呼び名です。
略称規定第二十二条の三第一項・この項及び第二十二条の四第一項の中だけ
…地方税に関する犯則事件(第二十二条の七を除き、以下この款において「犯則事件」という。)を調査するため必要があるときは、犯則嫌疑者若しくは参考人(以下この項及び次条第一項において「犯則嫌疑者等」という。)に対して出頭を求め…
わかりやすく言うと
地方税に関する犯則事件(地方税に関する罪に当たる行為の疑いがある事件)について、犯則を行った疑いのある人(犯則嫌疑者)と参考人のことです。
定義第二十二条の四第一項・この節の中だけ
電磁的記録を保管する者その他電磁的記録を利用する権限を有する者に命じて必要な電磁的記録を記録媒体に記録させ、又は印刷させた上、当該記録媒体を差し押さえること
略称規定第二十二条の四第四項・この款の中だけ(第二十二条の十九第四項及び第五項を除く)
当該徴税吏員は、第一項又は前項の許可状(第二十二条の十九第四項及び第五項を除き、以下この款において「許可状」という。)を請求する場合には、犯則事件が存在すると認められる資料を提供しなければならない。
わかりやすく言うと
犯則事件の調査のため、徴税吏員が臨検、捜索、差押えや記録命令付差押えをするときに、地方裁判所または簡易裁判所の裁判官があらかじめ出す許可状のことです(第一項・第三項)。
定義第二十二条の七第一項・この節の中だけ
軽油引取税その他の政令で定める地方税
わかりやすく言うと
軽油引取税その他の、政令で定める地方税のことです。
定義第七百二条第二項
当該土地又は家屋に係る固定資産税について第三百四十三条(第三項、第九項及び第十項を除く。)において所有者とされ、又は所有者とみなされる者
わかりやすく言うと
都市計画税を課す土地や家屋について、固定資産税で所有者とされる人、または所有者とみなされる人のことです。原則は、登記簿や土地・家屋の補充課税台帳に所有者として登記・登録されている人です(第三百四十三条。第三項、第九項、第十項を除きます)。
没収
主刑に付け加えてだけ言い渡すことのできる刑(付加刑)で(刑法第九条)、犯罪に関わる物を没収するものです。没収できるのは、犯罪行為を組成した物、犯罪行為に使い、又は使おうとした物、犯罪行為によって生じ、若しくは得た物又は犯罪行為の報酬として得た物、及びその対価として得た物です(同法第十九条第一項)。犯人以外の者のものは没収できませんが、犯罪の後にその者が事情を知って取得した物は没収できます(同条第二項)。拘留又は科料のみに当たる罪については、特別の規定がなければ、犯罪行為を組成した物しか没収できません(同法第二十条)。犯罪によって得た物などを没収できないときは、その価額を追徴することができます(同法第十九条の二)。
刑法第9条・第19条・第19条の2・第20条を参考にAIが作成。
簡易裁判所
最高裁判所の下に置かれる下級裁判所の一つで、ほかに高等裁判所、地方裁判所、家庭裁判所があります(裁判所法第一条・第二条第一項)。簡易裁判所は、訴訟の目的の価額が百四十万円を超えない民事の請求(行政事件訴訟に係る請求を除きます)や、罰金以下の刑に当たる罪、刑の一つとして罰金が定められている罪などの刑事の訴訟について、第一審の裁判をします(同法第三十三条第一項)。民事調停法では、調停事件は、特別の定めがある場合を除き、相手方の住所、居所、営業所や事務所の所在地を管轄する簡易裁判所か、当事者が合意で定める地方裁判所か簡易裁判所が扱います(民事調停法第三条第一項)。
裁判所法第1条・第2条・第33条、民事調停法第3条を参考にAIが作成。