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会社法かいしゃほう

Companies Act

The rules for forming, organising, running and managing companies: the four kinds of company, their shareholders or members, their directors and other officers, their accounts, and how they merge, split and dissolve.

現在の条文の施行日
制定(公布)
本則の条数
1078
施行前の改正
5

この法令の内容

続きを読む
第一条(趣旨)がこの法律の趣旨を定めています
Kinds of companyShareholders' rightsShareholders meetingDirectors' dutiesOfficers' liabilityShareholder suits against officersDividends and the distributable amountForeign companies

目次

1078 3142 2018 33 449

改正

法令は、別の法令によってされます。この法令には、公布済みでまだの改正が5件あります。改正の履歴は下にあります。変更内容まで収録している改正は、改正のページに条文ごとに日本語と英語で示します。

2027年4月1日

6か月後

金融商品取引法及び資金決済に関する法律の一部を改正する法律

改正後の全文(e-Gov)

2027年7月22日まで

遅くとも10か月後

金融商品取引法及び資金決済に関する法律の一部を改正する法律

改正後の全文(e-Gov)

公布の日から起算して一年を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日

日付未定

施行日は未確定

譲渡担保契約及び所有権留保契約に関する法律の施行に伴う関係法律の整備等に関する法律

改正後の全文(e-Gov)

譲渡担保契約及び所有権留保契約に関する法律(令和七年法律第五十六号)の施行の日

2028年6月13日まで

遅くとも2年後

民事関係手続等における情報通信技術の活用等の推進を図るための関係法律の整備に関する法律

改正後の全文(e-Gov)

公布の日から起算して五年を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日

日付未定

施行日は未確定

民法等の一部を改正する法律の施行に伴う関係法律の整備等に関する法律

改正後の全文(e-Gov)

民法等の一部を改正する法律(令和八年法律第四十五号)の施行の日

施行済みの改正 27件
  • 2026年8月12日

    このサイトの条文

    金融商品取引法及び資金決済に関する法律の一部を改正する法律

    この改正後の全文(e-Gov)
  • 2026年7月23日

    金融商品取引法及び資金決済に関する法律の一部を改正する法律

    この改正後の全文(e-Gov)
  • 2026年6月24日

    民法等の一部を改正する法律の施行に伴う関係法律の整備等に関する法律

    この改正後の全文(e-Gov)
  • 2026年5月21日

    民事訴訟法等の一部を改正する法律

    この改正後の全文(e-Gov)
  • 2026年5月1日

    金融商品取引法及び投資信託及び投資法人に関する法律の一部を改正する法律

    この改正後の全文(e-Gov)
  • 2025年10月1日

    民事関係手続等における情報通信技術の活用等の推進を図るための関係法律の整備に関する法律

    この改正後の全文(e-Gov)
  • 2025年6月6日

    譲渡担保契約及び所有権留保契約に関する法律の施行に伴う関係法律の整備等に関する法律

    この改正後の全文(e-Gov)
  • 2025年6月1日

    刑法等の一部を改正する法律の施行に伴う関係法律の整理等に関する法律

    この改正後の全文(e-Gov)
  • 2025年5月1日

    金融商品取引法及び投資信託及び投資法人に関する法律の一部を改正する法律

    この改正後の全文(e-Gov)
  • 2024年11月21日

    金融商品取引法及び投資信託及び投資法人に関する法律の一部を改正する法律

    この改正後の全文(e-Gov)
  • 2024年5月22日

    金融商品取引法及び投資信託及び投資法人に関する法律の一部を改正する法律

    この改正後の全文(e-Gov)
  • 2023年6月14日

    民事関係手続等における情報通信技術の活用等の推進を図るための関係法律の整備に関する法律

    この改正後の全文(e-Gov)
  • 2023年6月1日

    安定的かつ効率的な資金決済制度の構築を図るための資金決済に関する法律等の一部を改正する法律

    この改正後の全文(e-Gov)
  • 2022年11月1日

    外国弁護士による法律事務の取扱いに関する特別措置法の一部を改正する法律

    この改正後の全文(e-Gov)
  • 2022年10月1日

    労働者協同組合法

    この改正後の全文(e-Gov)
  • 2022年9月1日

    会社法の一部を改正する法律

    この改正後の全文(e-Gov)
  • 2022年6月17日

    刑法等の一部を改正する法律の施行に伴う関係法律の整理等に関する法律

    この改正後の全文(e-Gov)
  • 2022年6月10日

    安定的かつ効率的な資金決済制度の構築を図るための資金決済に関する法律等の一部を改正する法律

    この改正後の全文(e-Gov)
  • 2022年5月25日

    民事訴訟法等の一部を改正する法律

    この改正後の全文(e-Gov)
  • 2021年3月1日

    会社法の一部を改正する法律

    この改正後の全文(e-Gov)
  • 2020年12月1日

    漁業法等の一部を改正する等の法律

    この改正後の全文(e-Gov)
  • 2020年8月29日

    外国弁護士による法律事務の取扱いに関する特別措置法の一部を改正する法律

    この改正後の全文(e-Gov)
  • 2020年4月1日

    民法の一部を改正する法律の施行に伴う関係法律の整備等に関する法律

    この改正後の全文(e-Gov)
  • 2020年4月1日

    民事執行法及び国際的な子の奪取の民事上の側面に関する条約の実施に関する法律の一部を改正する法律

    この改正後の全文(e-Gov)
  • 2019年5月17日

    民事執行法及び国際的な子の奪取の民事上の側面に関する条約の実施に関する法律の一部を改正する法律

    この改正後の全文(e-Gov)
  • 2017年6月2日

    民法の一部を改正する法律の施行に伴う関係法律の整備等に関する法律

    この改正後の全文(e-Gov)
  • 2017年4月1日

    情報通信技術の進展等の環境変化に対応するための銀行法等の一部を改正する法律

    この改正後の全文(e-Gov)

誰に適用されるか

適用される

続き
  • Creditors of a company, whom the Act gives rights such as inspecting its financial statements and objecting to a reduction of its capital or to a merger, and holders of its bonds (社債), who act together through a bondholders meeting (社債権者集会).(第四百四十二条第三項, 第四百四十九条第一項, 第七百八十九条第一項, 第六百七十六条第一項, 第七百十五条第一項, 第七百十六条第一項)(根拠条文)
  • Managers (支配人) a company appoints to run its business at its head office or a branch. A manager can do any act in or out of court for that business, and without the company's permission may not run a business of their own, deal in the company's line of business for themselves or others, become an employee of another company or trader, or become a director, executive officer or executive member of another company. An employee given a title showing they head a head office or branch is treated as having authority for any out-of-court act in its business, unless the other party knew otherwise.(第十条第一項, 第十一条第一項, 第十二条第一項, 第十三条第一項)(根拠条文)
  • Foreign companies — entities formed under foreign law that are of the same kind as, or similar to, a Japanese company. One that wants to carry on transactions in Japan continuously must appoint a representative in Japan, at least one of whom lives in Japan, register within three weeks of first doing so, and not carry on such transactions until it is registered; anyone who transacts for it before then is jointly liable with it for the resulting debts and faces a civil fine (過料) equal to the registration and license tax for incorporating a company. A foreign company with its head office in Japan, or whose main purpose is to do business in Japan, may not carry on transactions in Japan continuously at all, and anyone who transacts for it faces the same joint liability and civil fine.(第二条第一項第二号, 第八百十七条第一項, 第九百三十三条第一項, 第八百十八条第一項, 第八百十八条第二項, 第九百七十九条第二項, 第八百二十一条第一項, 第八百二十一条第二項)(根拠条文)
  • Anyone using a name or trade name: a person that is not a company may not use a name that could lead others to take it for a company, and no one may, for a wrongful purpose, use a name that could lead others to take it for another company; a company whose business interests are or may be harmed can demand that the use stop. A company that lets another person do business under its trade name is jointly liable with that person for debts from deals with anyone who dealt with them believing they were dealing with the company.(第七条第一項, 第八条第一項, 第八条第二項, 第九条第一項)(根拠条文)
特例と適用除外(5)
どのように守らせるか(8)
  • Directors, accounting advisors, company auditors, executive officers and financial auditors (officers, etc., 役員等) who neglect their duties must compensate the company; a director who made a competing deal without approval is presumed to have caused damage equal to the profit made, and where a deal between a director and the company, or one in which their interests conflict, harms the company, the director concerned and the directors who decided or voted to approve it are presumed to have neglected their duties. The company can release them in full only with every shareholder's consent; where they acted in good faith without gross negligence, the part above six, four or two times their annual pay (depending on their role) can be released by a special resolution of the shareholders meeting, or, if the articles allow, by the other directors or the board — only in a company with a committee structure or with company auditors and two or more directors, and only where they find it especially necessary. Officers who acted in bad faith or with gross negligence are also liable to third parties for the damage, and a company is liable for damage its representative director or other representative causes to third parties in carrying out their duties and, to third parties acting in good faith, for the acts of a director it has given a title such as president or vice-president.(第四百二十三条第一項, 第四百二十三条第二項, 第四百二十三条第三項, 第四百二十四条第一項, 第四百二十五条第一項, 第三百九条第二項第八号, 第四百二十六条第一項, 第四百二十九条第一項, 第三百五十条第一項, 第三百五十四条第一項)(根拠条文)
  • A shareholder who has held shares for the past six months (or a shorter period the articles set; any shareholder, in a non-public company) can demand, in writing or by another method a Ministry of Justice Order sets, that the company sue its incorporators, directors, company auditors or other officers, or its liquidators, to enforce their liability or recover certain payments, unless the suit aims at an unlawful benefit for the shareholder or someone else or at harming the company. If the company does not sue within 60 days — or at once, where waiting would cause the company irreparable harm — the shareholder can sue on the company's behalf, in the district court for the company's head office, and must notify the company. A shareholder who wins can claim reasonable expenses and lawyer's fees from the company, and one who loses is not liable to the company for its damage unless they acted in bad faith.(第八百四十七条第一項, 第八百四十七条第二項, 第八百四十七条第三項, 第八百四十七条第五項, 第八百四十八条第一項, 第八百四十九条第四項, 第八百五十二条第一項, 第八百五十二条第二項)(根拠条文)
  • Holders of 3% of the voting rights for six months can require the directors to call a shareholders meeting and, if it is not called, call it themselves with the court's permission; in a company with a board, holders of 1% of the voting rights or 300 votes for six months can require, at least eight weeks before a meeting, that an item be put on its agenda; and holders of 3% of the voting rights or of the issued shares can inspect the account books on stating a reason, which the company can refuse only on listed grounds — the six-month periods do not apply in a non-public company, and the articles can lower these thresholds. A shareholder can demand that a director stop an act outside the company's purpose or against laws or the articles likely to cause the company substantial damage (irreparable damage, in a company with company auditors or a committee structure), and shareholders likely to suffer from it can demand that the company stop an issue of shares or share options, or a disposal of its own shares, that breaches laws or the articles or is markedly unfair. Where there are grounds to suspect misconduct or a serious violation in running the company, holders of 3% of the voting rights or of the issued shares can ask the court to appoint an inspector to investigate its business and property.(第二百九十七条第一項, 第二百九十七条第二項, 第二百九十七条第四項, 第三百三条第二項, 第三百三条第三項, 第四百三十三条第一項, 第四百三十三条第二項, 第三百六十条第一項, 第三百六十条第二項, 第三百六十条第三項, 第二百十条第一項, 第二百四十七条第一項, 第三百五十八条第一項)(根拠条文)
  • A defect in a company's formation, a share issue, a capital reduction, a merger, a split or another listed act can be asserted only by an action (訴え) brought by the persons the Act lists within set periods — two years for formation, six months for most other acts, one year for a share issue in a non-public company — and a judgment upholding the claim binds third parties and voids the act only for the future. Shareholders, directors and certain others can sue within three months to cancel a resolution of the shareholders meeting where the way it was called or voted on broke laws or the articles or was markedly unfair (though the court may dismiss the claim where the breach was not serious and did not affect the resolution), where it breaches the articles, or where someone with a special interest voted and a markedly unjust resolution resulted, and a separate action can confirm that a resolution whose content breaks the law is void, or that no resolution exists. A shareholder being squeezed out by a special controlling shareholder who is likely to suffer from it can demand that the acquisition stop where it breaches the law, the company broke its duties to notify or disclose, or the price is markedly unfair, and can sue to void the acquisition within six months of the acquisition date (one year for a non-public company).(第八百二十八条第一項, 第八百二十八条第二項, 第八百三十八条第一項, 第八百三十九条第一項, 第八百三十一条第一項, 第八百三十一条第二項, 第八百三十条第一項, 第八百三十条第二項, 第百七十九条の七第一項, 第八百四十六条の二第一項, 第八百四十六条の二第二項)(根拠条文)
  • Where a director, accounting advisor or company auditor has engaged in misconduct or a serious violation of laws or the articles but the shareholders meeting rejects a proposal to dismiss them, or a class shareholders' veto stops the dismissal, shareholders holding 3% of the voting rights or of the issued shares for six months (without the holding period in a non-public company), not counting that officer's shares, can sue within 30 days of the meeting to have the officer dismissed. Shareholders holding 10% of the voting rights or of the issued shares can sue to dissolve a stock company where there is unavoidable cause because it is in serious difficulty carrying on its business and suffers or risks irreparable damage, or because its property is managed so badly that its existence is at risk, and a member of a membership company can sue to dissolve it for unavoidable cause. On the petition of the Minister of Justice or an interested person, the court can order a company dissolved where this is needed to protect the public interest because it was formed for an unlawful purpose, has without justifiable reason not started or has suspended business for a year, or its executives keep acting beyond its powers or against criminal law after the Minister's written warning, and it can ban a foreign company from continuing transactions in Japan, or close its office, on the grounds Article 827 lists.(第八百五十四条第一項, 第八百五十四条第二項, 第三百二十九条第一項, 第三百二十三条第一項, 第八百三十三条第一項, 第八百三十三条第二項, 第八百二十四条第一項, 第八百二十七条第一項)(根拠条文)
  • When a stock company in liquidation may be insolvent, or its liquidation faces serious obstacles, a creditor, liquidator, company auditor or shareholder can apply for special liquidation (特別清算), and a liquidator must apply where insolvency is suspected; the court orders it unless, among other cases, the costs are not deposited or it clearly cannot succeed. The liquidation then runs under the court's supervision, and agreement claims (協定債権) — every creditor's claim except those carrying a general statutory lien or other general priority and those arising from the special liquidation itself — must be paid in proportion to their amounts, unless the court permits otherwise for small or secured claims or others whose payment harms no other creditor. A composition plan (協定) changing agreement claims needs the consent of a majority of the voting creditors present and of creditors holding two-thirds of all voting rights, and the court's approval; if no plan is likely or it cannot be carried out, and grounds for bankruptcy exist, the court must start bankruptcy proceedings under the Bankruptcy Act, a separate Act.(第五百十条第一項, 第五百十一条第一項, 第五百十一条第二項, 第五百十四条第一項, 第五百十九条第一項, 第五百三十七条第一項, 第五百三十七条第二項, 第五百十五条第三項, 第五百六十四条第一項, 第五百六十七条第一項, 第五百六十九条第一項, 第五百七十四条第一項)(根拠条文)
  • A director, accounting advisor, company auditor, executive officer, manager (支配人) or certain other persons who, to benefit themselves or a third party or to harm the stock company, act against their duties and cause the company financial loss commit aggravated breach of trust (特別背任) and face imprisonment (拘禁刑) of up to 10 years or a fine of up to 10 million yen, or both; the same applies to a liquidator and others acting in a liquidation, attempts are punished, the crime covers acts outside Japan, and where the offender is a legal person the penalty falls on its directors or others who acted. Imprisonment of up to five years or a fine of up to 5 million yen, or both, applies to directors, accounting advisors, company auditors and executive officers who make false statements or hide facts before a court or the shareholders meeting about contributions in property other than money in an offering of shares or share options; to those officers, managers and employees entrusted with the matter who unlawfully acquire the company's own shares for its account or pay dividends against laws or the articles; and to incorporators, those officers, managers and such employees who make a sham arrangement to disguise payment for shares (預合い), and to the person who agrees to it. Anyone who takes a bribe in return for an improper request (不正の請託) — as an officer, or about speaking or voting at a shareholders, bondholders' or creditors' meeting, using listed shareholder rights or bringing listed lawsuits — faces imprisonment of up to five years or a fine of up to 5 million yen, and an officer, manager or other employee who gives a benefit for the company's account in connection with anyone's exercise of shareholder rights faces up to three years or 3 million yen, as does anyone who knowingly receives or demands it (up to five years if they use threats).(第九百六十条第一項, 第九百六十条第二項, 第九百六十二条第一項, 第九百七十一条第一項, 第九百七十二条第一項, 第九百六十三条第二項, 第九百六十三条第五項, 第九百六十五条第一項, 第九百六十七条第一項, 第九百六十八条第一項, 第九百六十八条第二項, 第九百七十条第一項, 第九百七十条第二項, 第九百七十条第三項, 第九百七十条第四項)(根拠条文)
  • Matters the Act requires to be registered are entered in the commercial register under the Commercial Registration Act, a separate Act, and a change to a company's main registered matters must be registered at its head office within two weeks; until a matter is registered it cannot be asserted against a third party acting in good faith (nor afterwards against one with justifiable grounds for not knowing of it), and a person who deliberately or negligently registers something untrue cannot rely on its being untrue against such a third party. Officers and others listed in Article 976 face a civil fine (過料) of up to 1 million yen, unless the act is punished as a crime, for failures such as not making a required registration or public notice, refusing without justifiable reason to let documents be inspected, leaving out or falsifying entries in company records, not calling a shareholders meeting when required or ordered by a court, and not appointing the outside directors or outside company auditors the Act requires. Using a name that could be mistaken for a company, or for another kind of company, carries the same civil fine, and doing business in a company's name before it is formed carries a civil fine equal to the registration and license tax for its incorporation.(第九百七条第一項, 第九百十五条第一項, 第九百八条第一項, 第九百八条第二項, 第九百七十六条第一項, 第九百七十六条第一項第一号, 第九百七十六条第一項第二号, 第九百七十六条第一項第四号, 第九百七十六条第一項第七号, 第九百七十六条第一項第十八号, 第九百七十六条第一項第十九号の二, 第九百七十六条第一項第二十号, 第九百七十八条第一項, 第九百七十九条第一項)(根拠条文)

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