第七節 監査役
Section 7 Company Auditors
Article 381Authority of Company Auditors
監査役は、取締役（会計参与設置会社にあっては、取締役及び会計参与）の職務の執行を監査する。この場合において、監査役は、法務省令で定めるところにより、監査報告を作成しなければならない。
Company auditors audit the execution of duties by directors (or directors and accounting advisors for a company with accounting advisor). In these cases, company auditors must prepare audit reports pursuant to the provisions of Ministry of Justice Order.
監査役は、いつでも、取締役及び会計参与並びに支配人その他の使用人に対して事業の報告を求め、又は監査役設置会社の業務及び財産の状況の調査をすることができる。
Company auditors may at any time request reports on the business from the directors and accounting advisors and managers and other employees, or investigate the status of the operations and financial status of the company with company auditor.
Company auditors may, if it is necessary for the purpose of performing duties of the company auditors, request reports on the business from a subsidiary company of the company with company auditor, or investigate the status of the operations and financial status of its subsidiary company.
The subsidiary company under the preceding paragraph may refuse the report or investigation under that paragraph if there are justifiable grounds.
Article 382Duty to Report to Directors
監査役は、取締役が不正の行為をし、若しくは当該行為をするおそれがあると認めるとき、又は法令若しくは定款に違反する事実若しくは著しく不当な事実があると認めるときは、遅滞なく、その旨を取締役（取締役会設置会社にあっては、取締役会）に報告しなければならない。
If company auditors find that directors engage in misconduct, or are likely to engage in the conduct, or that there are facts in violation of laws and regulations or the articles of incorporation or grossly improper facts, they must report the same to the directors (or, for a company with board of directors, to the board of directors) without delay.
Article 383Obligation to Attend Board of Directors Meetings
監査役は、取締役会に出席し、必要があると認めるときは、意見を述べなければならない。ただし、監査役が二人以上ある場合において、第三百七十三条第一項の規定による特別取締役による議決の定めがあるときは、監査役の互選によって、監査役の中から特に同条第二項の取締役会に出席する監査役を定めることができる。
Company auditors must attend the board of directors meeting, and must state their opinions if they find it necessary;provided, however, that, if there are two or more company auditors, if there are provisions on the vote by special directors pursuant to the provisions of Article 373, paragraph (1), the company auditor who attends the board of directors meeting under paragraph (2) of that Article may be appointed by the company auditors from among the company auditors.
監査役は、前条に規定する場合において、必要があると認めるときは、取締役（第三百六十六条第一項ただし書に規定する場合にあっては、招集権者）に対し、取締役会の招集を請求することができる。
In the case provided for in the preceding Article, if company auditors find it necessary, they may demand that the directors (or a convenor in case provided for in the proviso to Article 366, paragraph (1)) call the board of directors meeting.
前項の規定による請求があった日から五日以内に、その請求があった日から二週間以内の日を取締役会の日とする取締役会の招集の通知が発せられない場合は、その請求をした監査役は、取締役会を招集することができる。
If, within five days from the day of the demand made pursuant to the provisions of preceding paragraph, a notice of calling of the board of directors meeting which designates as the day of the board of directors meeting a day falling within the period of two weeks from the day of the demand are not dispatched, the company auditors who made that demand may call the board of directors meeting.
前二項の規定は、第三百七十三条第二項の取締役会については、適用しない。
The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs do not apply to the board of directors meeting under Article 373, paragraph (2).
Article 384Duty to Report to Shareholders Meeting
監査役は、取締役が株主総会に提出しようとする議案、書類その他法務省令で定めるものを調査しなければならない。この場合において、法令若しくは定款に違反し、又は著しく不当な事項があると認めるときは、その調査の結果を株主総会に報告しなければならない。
Company auditors must investigate proposals, documents and other items prescribed by Ministry of Justice Order that directors intend to submit to the shareholders meeting. In these cases, if company auditors find that there is a violation of laws and regulations or the articles of incorporation or a grossly improper fact, they must report the results of the investigation to a shareholders meeting.
Article 385Enjoinment of Acts of Directors by Company Auditors
監査役は、取締役が監査役設置会社の目的の範囲外の行為その他法令若しくは定款に違反する行為をし、又はこれらの行為をするおそれがある場合において、当該行為によって当該監査役設置会社に著しい損害が生ずるおそれがあるときは、当該取締役に対し、当該行為をやめることを請求することができる。
If a director engages, or is likely to engage in an act outside the scope of the purpose of a stock company, or other acts in violation of laws and regulations or the articles of incorporation, if that act is likely to cause substantial detriment to relevant company with company auditor, company auditors may demand that relevant director cease that act.
In the cases provided for in the preceding paragraph, if the court orders a director under the preceding paragraph to cease that act by a provisional disposition, the court is not to require the provision of security.
第三百八十六条（監査役設置会社と取締役との間の訴えにおける会社の代表等）
Article 386Representation of in Actions between Company with Company Auditors and Directors
第三百四十九条第四項、第三百五十三条及び第三百六十四条の規定にかかわらず、次の各号に掲げる場合には、当該各号の訴えについては、監査役が監査役設置会社を代表する。
Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 349, paragraph (4), Article 353 and Article 364, in cases set forth in the following items, the company auditors represent the company with company auditor in actions in those items:
監査役設置会社が取締役（取締役であった者を含む。以下この条において同じ。）に対し、又は取締役が監査役設置会社に対して訴えを提起する場合
if a company with company auditor files an action to a director (including a person who was a director; hereinafter the same applies in this Article) or where a director files an action to a company with company auditor;
株式交換等完全親会社（第八百四十九条第二項第一号に規定する株式交換等完全親会社をいう。次項第三号において同じ。）である監査役設置会社がその株式交換等完全子会社（第八百四十七条の二第一項に規定する株式交換等完全子会社をいう。次項第三号において同じ。）の取締役、執行役（執行役であった者を含む。以下この条において同じ。）又は清算人（清算人であった者を含む。以下この条において同じ。）の責任（第八百四十七条の二第一項各号に掲げる行為の効力が生じた時までにその原因となった事実が生じたものに限る。）を追及する訴えを提起する場合
if a company with company auditor which is a wholly owning parent company resulting from the share exchange, etc. (meaning a wholly owning parent company resulting from the share exchange, etc. as prescribed in Article 849, paragraph (2), item (i); the same applies in item (iii) of the following paragraph) files an action to enforce liabilities (limited to those for which the fact of the cause occurred by the time when the act set forth in items of Article 847-2, paragraph (1) becomes effective) of directors, executive officers (including persons who were executive officers; hereinafter the same applies in this Article), or liquidators (including persons who were liquidators; hereinafter the same applies in this Article) of its wholly owned subsidiary company resulting from the share exchange, etc. (meaning its wholly owned subsidiary company resulting from the share exchange, etc. as prescribed in Article 847-2, paragraph (1); the same applies in item (iii) of the following Article); and
最終完全親会社等（第八百四十七条の三第一項に規定する最終完全親会社等をいう。次項第四号において同じ。）である監査役設置会社がその完全子会社等（同条第二項第二号に規定する完全子会社等をいい、同条第三項の規定により当該完全子会社等とみなされるものを含む。次項第四号において同じ。）である株式会社の取締役、執行役又は清算人に対して特定責任追及の訴え（同条第一項に規定する特定責任追及の訴えをいう。）を提起する場合
if a company with company auditor which is an ultimate, wholly owning parent company, etc. (meaning an ultimate, wholly owning parent company, etc. as prescribed in Article 847-3, paragraph (1); the same applies in item (iv) of the following paragraph) files an action to enforce specific liabilities (meaning an action to enforce specific liabilities prescribed in paragraph (1) of the same Article) to directors, executive officers, or liquidators of its wholly owned subsidiary company, etc. (meaning a wholly owned subsidiary company, etc. as prescribed in paragraph (2), item (ii) of the same Article and including any company that is deemed to be such a wholly owned subsidiary company, etc. pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (3) of the same Article; the same applies in item (iv) of the following paragraph).
第三百四十九条第四項の規定にかかわらず、次に掲げる場合には、監査役が監査役設置会社を代表する。
Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 349, paragraph (4), in the following cases, the company auditors represent the company with company auditor:
監査役設置会社が第八百四十七条第一項、第八百四十七条の二第一項若しくは第三項（同条第四項及び第五項において準用する場合を含む。）又は第八百四十七条の三第一項の規定による請求（取締役の責任を追及する訴えの提起の請求に限る。）を受ける場合
if a company with company auditor is requested to file an action under Article 847, paragraph (1), Article 847-2, paragraph (1) or (3) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraphs (4) and (5) of the same Article), or Article 847-3, paragraph (1) (limited to requests for the filing of actions that enforce the liability of directors); or
監査役設置会社が第八百四十九条第四項の訴訟告知（取締役の責任を追及する訴えに係るものに限る。）並びに第八百五十条第二項の規定による通知及び催告（取締役の責任を追及する訴えに係る訴訟における和解に関するものに限る。）を受ける場合
if a company with company auditor receives a notice of suit under Article 849, paragraph (4) (limited to those related to actions that enforce the liability of directors) and a notice or demand pursuant to the provisions of Article 850, paragraph (2) (limited to those related to the settlement of a suit relating to an action that enforces the liability of directors);
株式交換等完全親会社である監査役設置会社が第八百四十七条第一項の規定による請求（前項第二号に規定する訴えの提起の請求に限る。）をする場合又は第八百四十九条第六項の規定による通知（その株式交換等完全子会社の取締役、執行役又は清算人の責任を追及する訴えに係るものに限る。）を受ける場合
if a company with company auditor which is a wholly owning parent company resulting from the share exchange, etc. makes a request pursuant to the provisions of Article 847, paragraph (1) (limited to a request to file an action prescribed in item (ii) of the preceding paragraph) or receives a notice pursuant to the provisions of Article 849, paragraph (6) (limited to those related to the action to enforce the liability of directors, executive officers, or liquidators of its wholly owned subsidiary company resulting from the share exchange, etc.); or
最終完全親会社等である監査役設置会社が第八百四十七条第一項の規定による請求（前項第三号に規定する特定責任追及の訴えの提起の請求に限る。）をする場合又は第八百四十九条第七項の規定による通知（その完全子会社等である株式会社の取締役、執行役又は清算人の責任を追及する訴えに係るものに限る。）を受ける場合
if a company with company advisor which is an ultimate, wholly owning parent company, etc. makes a request pursuant to the provisions of Article 847, paragraph (1) (limited to the request to file an action to enforce specific liabilities prescribed in item (iii) of the preceding paragraph) or receives a notice pursuant to the provisions of Article 849, paragraph (7) (limited to those related to the action to enforce liabilities of directors, executive officers, or liquidators of a stock company which is its wholly owned subsidiary company, etc.).
Article 387Remunerations for Company Auditors
監査役の報酬等は、定款にその額を定めていないときは、株主総会の決議によって定める。
The remunerations for company auditors are fixed by a resolution at a shareholders meeting if the amount thereof is not prescribed in the articles of incorporation.
If there are two or more company auditors, if there are no provisions in the articles of incorporation or no resolution at a shareholders meeting with respect to the remunerations for each company auditor, those remunerations are fixed by discussion by the company auditors within the extent of the remunerations referred to in the preceding paragraph.
監査役は、株主総会において、監査役の報酬等について意見を述べることができる。
Company auditors may state their opinions on remunerations for the company auditors at a shareholders meeting.
Article 388Requests for Indemnification of Expenses
監査役がその職務の執行について監査役設置会社（監査役の監査の範囲を会計に関するものに限定する旨の定款の定めがある株式会社を含む。）に対して次に掲げる請求をしたときは、当該監査役設置会社は、当該請求に係る費用又は債務が当該監査役の職務の執行に必要でないことを証明した場合を除き、これを拒むことができない。
If company auditors make the following requests to a company with company auditor (including a stock company the articles of incorporation of which provide that the scope of the audit by its company auditors is limited to an audit related to accounting) with respect to the execution of their duties, relevant company with company auditor may not refuse relevant request except if it proves that the expense or debt relating to relevant request is not necessary for the execution of the duties of relevant company auditors:
費用の前払の請求
requests for advancement of expenses;
支出した費用及び支出の日以後におけるその利息の償還の請求
requests for indemnification of the expenses paid and the interests thereon from and including the day of the payment; or
負担した債務の債権者に対する弁済（当該債務が弁済期にない場合にあっては、相当の担保の提供）の請求
requests for the payment (or, if the debt is not yet due, the provision of reasonable security) to the creditor of a debt incurred.
Article 389Limitation of Scope of Audit by Provisions of Articles of Incorporation
公開会社でない株式会社（監査役会設置会社及び会計監査人設置会社を除く。）は、第三百八十一条第一項の規定にかかわらず、その監査役の監査の範囲を会計に関するものに限定する旨を定款で定めることができる。
A stock company which is not a public company (excluding a company with board of company auditors and company with financial auditor) may provide in the articles of incorporation that the scope of the audit by its company auditors is limited to an audit related to accounting, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 381, paragraph (1).
前項の規定による定款の定めがある株式会社の監査役は、法務省令で定めるところにより、監査報告を作成しなければならない。
company auditors of a stock company that has the provisions of the articles of incorporation under the provisions of the preceding paragraph must prepare audit reports pursuant to the provisions of Ministry of Justice Order.
前項の監査役は、取締役が株主総会に提出しようとする会計に関する議案、書類その他の法務省令で定めるものを調査し、その調査の結果を株主総会に報告しなければならない。
The company auditors under the preceding paragraph must investigate the proposals, documents and other items prescribed by Ministry of Justice Order that are related to accounting which the directors intend to submit to a shareholders meeting, and report the results of that investigation to a shareholders meeting.
第二項の監査役は、いつでも、次に掲げるものの閲覧及び謄写をし、又は取締役及び会計参与並びに支配人その他の使用人に対して会計に関する報告を求めることができる。
The company auditors under paragraph (2) may at any time inspect or copy the following things, or request reports on accounting from directors and accounting advisors as well as managers or other employees:
会計帳簿又はこれに関する資料が書面をもって作成されているときは、当該書面
if the account books or the materials relating thereto are prepared in writing, relevant documents; or
会計帳簿又はこれに関する資料が電磁的記録をもって作成されているときは、当該電磁的記録に記録された事項を法務省令で定める方法により表示したもの
if an account book or material relating thereto has been prepared as an electronic or magnetic record, anything that is used in a manner prescribed by Ministry of Justice Order to display the information recorded in that electronic or magnetic record.
If it is necessary for the purpose of performing duties of a company auditor under paragraph (2), a company auditor may request reports on accounting from a subsidiary company of the stock company, or investigate the status of the operations and financial status of the stock company or of its subsidiary company.
The subsidiary company under the preceding paragraph may refuse the report or investigation under that paragraph if there are justifiable grounds.
第三百八十一条から第三百八十六条までの規定は、第一項の規定による定款の定めがある株式会社については、適用しない。
The provisions from Article 381 through Article 386 do not apply to a stock company which has provisions of the articles of incorporation pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1).