仲裁法
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Article 1Purpose
Arbitration procedures of which the place of arbitration is in Japan and procedures carried out by the court for an arbitration procedure are governed by the provisions of this Act in addition to the provisions of other laws and regulations.
仲裁地が日本国内にある仲裁手続及び仲裁手続に関して裁判所が行う手続については、他の法令に定めるもののほか、この法律の定めるところによる。
Article 2Definitions
The term "arbitration agreement" as used in this Act means an agreement to refer the resolution of all or certain civil disputes which have already arisen or which may arise in the future in respect to a certain legal relationship (irrespective of whether contractual or not) to one or more arbitrators, and to accept the determined award (hereinafter referred to as an "arbitral award").
この法律において「仲裁合意」とは、既に生じた民事上の紛争又は将来において生ずる一定の法律関係(契約に基づくものであるかどうかを問わない。)に関する民事上の紛争の全部又は一部の解決を一人又は二人以上の仲裁人にゆだね、かつ、その判断(以下「仲裁判断」という。)に服する旨の合意をいう。
The term "arbitral tribunal" as used in this Act means a single arbitrator or a panel of two or more arbitrators that carries out proceedings and makes an arbitral award in regard to the subject civil disputes based on an arbitration agreement.
The term "written allegation" as used in this Act means documents which the parties prepare and submit to the arbitral tribunal in an arbitration procedure, and in which the allegations of the parties are stated.
この法律において「主張書面」とは、仲裁手続において当事者が作成して仲裁廷に提出する書面であって、当該当事者の主張が記載されているものをいう。
Article 3Scope of Application
Except for the matters provided for in the following paragraph and Article 8, the provisions of the following Chapter through Chapter VII and the provisions of Chapters IX and X apply to the case in which the place of arbitration is in Japan.
The provisions of Article 14, paragraph (1) and Article 15 apply to the case in which the place of arbitration is in or outside Japan, or has yet to be determined.
The provisions of Chapter VIII apply to the case in which the place of arbitration is in or outside Japan.
第八章の規定は、仲裁地が日本国内にある場合及び仲裁地が日本国外にある場合に適用する。
Article 4Participation of the Court
The court may exercise its authority over an arbitration procedure only in the case provided for in this Act.
仲裁手続に関しては、裁判所は、この法律に規定する場合に限り、その権限を行使することができる。
Article 5Jurisdiction of the Court
The cases related to the procedures carried out by the court pursuant to the provisions of this Act are under the exclusive jurisdiction of the following courts:
この法律の規定により裁判所が行う手続に係る事件は、次に掲げる裁判所の管轄に専属する。
the district court determined by an agreement between the parties;
当事者が合意により定めた地方裁判所
the district court which has jurisdiction over the place of arbitration (limited to the case where an area that belongs only to a jurisdictional district of a single district court is determined to be the place of arbitration); or
仲裁地(一の地方裁判所の管轄区域のみに属する地域を仲裁地として定めた場合に限る。)を管轄する地方裁判所
the district court which has jurisdiction over the location of the general venue of the respondent of the case.
当該事件の被申立人の普通裁判籍の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, a petition on a proceeding carried out by a court pursuant to the provisions of this Act may be filed with the Tokyo District Court and the Osaka District Court if the place of arbitration is in Japan.
前項の規定にかかわらず、仲裁地が日本国内にあるときは、この法律の規定により裁判所が行う手続に係る申立ては、東京地方裁判所及び大阪地方裁判所にもすることができる。
If two or more courts have jurisdiction pursuant to the provisions of this Act, the court which first received a petition has jurisdiction.
この法律の規定により二以上の裁判所が管轄権を有するときは、先に申立てがあった裁判所が管轄する。
If the court finds that the whole or part of the case related to the procedures carried out by the court pursuant to the provisions of this Act is not under its jurisdiction, it must transfer the whole or part of that case to the court with jurisdiction, upon petition or on its own initiative.
裁判所は、この法律の規定により裁判所が行う手続に係る事件の全部又は一部がその管轄に属しないと認めるときは、申立てにより又は職権で、これを管轄裁判所に移送しなければならない。
If it finds it appropriate, the court that has jurisdiction over the case pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (3) may transfer the whole or part of that case to the court that is not vested with jurisdiction over the case pursuant to the provisions of that paragraph, upon petition or on its own initiative.
Article 6Optional Oral Arguments
A judicial decision on a proceeding carried out by a court pursuant to the provisions of this Act may be made without holding oral arguments.
この法律の規定により裁判所が行う手続に係る裁判は、口頭弁論を経ないですることができる。
Article 7Appeal Against Judicial Decision
Any person that has an interest in the judicial decision on a proceeding carried out by a court pursuant to the provisions of this Act may file an immediate appeal against the judicial decision, within an unextendable period of two weeks from the day on which they received a notice of the judicial decision, only in cases in which there are special provisions allowing the appeal in this Act.
この法律の規定により裁判所が行う手続に係る裁判につき利害関係を有する者は、この法律に特別の定めがある場合に限り、当該裁判に対し、その告知を受けた日から二週間の不変期間内に、即時抗告をすることができる。
Article 8Participation of the Court in the Case in Which the Place of Arbitration Has Yet to Be Determined
The petitions stated in the following items may be filed with a court, even if the place of arbitration has yet to be determined, the place of arbitration may be in Japan, and the location of the general venue of the petitioner or respondent (excluding general venues which are determined by the last domicile) is in Japan. In this case, the provisions stated in the relevant following items apply in accordance with the categories of petition listed in those items:
裁判所に対する次の各号に掲げる申立ては、仲裁地が定まっていない場合であって、仲裁地が日本国内となる可能性があり、かつ、申立人又は被申立人の普通裁判籍(最後の住所により定まるものを除く。)の所在地が日本国内にあるときも、することができる。この場合においては、当該各号に掲げる区分に応じ、当該各号に定める規定を適用する。
the petitions referred to in Article 17, paragraphs (2) through (5):Article 17
第十七条第二項から第五項までの申立て 同条
the petition referred to in Article 19, paragraph (4):Articles 18 and 19; and
Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 5, paragraph (1), a case related to the petition stated in the items of the preceding paragraph that is filed under the circumstance referred to in that paragraph is under the exclusive jurisdiction of the following courts:
the district court which has jurisdiction over the location of the general venue provided for in the preceding paragraph; and
前項に規定する普通裁判籍の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所
the Tokyo District Court and the Osaka District Court.
東京地方裁判所及び大阪地方裁判所
Article 9Inspection of Record of the Case Related to the Proceeding Carried Out by the Court
Any person that has an interest in the proceeding carried out by a court pursuant to the provisions of this Act may file a request with the court clerk in regard to the following matters:
この法律の規定により裁判所が行う手続について利害関係を有する者は、裁判所書記官に対し、次に掲げる事項を請求することができる。
reproduction of a record which is created in an electronic form, a magnetic form, or any other form that cannot be perceived by the human senses that is included in the records of the case;
事件の記録中の電子的方式、磁気的方式その他人の知覚によっては認識することができない方式で作られた記録の複製
delivery of an authenticated copy, transcript, or extract of the record of the case; and
事件の記録の正本、謄本又は抄本の交付
Article 9-2Summons for Appearance on a Court Date
A summons for appearance on a court date in a proceeding carried out by a court pursuant to the provisions of this Act is issued by means of service of a writ of summons, notification of a court date to the person who has appeared for the case concerned, or by any other means that is considered to be appropriate.
この法律の規定により裁判所が行う手続における期日の呼出しは、呼出状の送達、当該事件について出頭した者に対する期日の告知その他相当と認める方法によってする。
If a summons for appearance on a court date is issued by means other than service of a writ of summons and notification of a court date to the person who has appeared for the relevant case, no legal sanction nor any other disadvantage associated with the failure to comply with the court date may be assigned to the person who does not appear on that court date; provided, however, that this does not apply if the person has submitted a paper document indicating receipt of the summons to appear on that court date.
呼出状の送達及び当該事件について出頭した者に対する期日の告知以外の方法による期日の呼出しをしたときは、期日に出頭しない者に対し、法律上の制裁その他期日の不遵守による不利益を帰することができない。ただし、その者が期日の呼出しを受けた旨を記載した書面を提出したときは、この限りでない。
Article 9-3Means of Service by Publication
For a service by publication in a proceeding carried out by a court pursuant to the provisions of this Act, a notice indicating that the court clerk is in possession of the document to be served and can deliver it to the person that is to be served at any time is posted in the posting area of the court.
この法律の規定により裁判所が行う手続における公示送達は、裁判所書記官が送達すべき書類を保管し、いつでも送達を受けるべき者に交付すべき旨を裁判所の掲示場に掲示してする。
Article 9-4Petition by Means of Electronic Data Processing System
Among the petitions or other statements related to a proceeding carried out by a court pursuant to the provisions of this Act (hereinafter referred to as a "petition or statement" in this Article), those which are to be filed with the court as designated by the Supreme Court (including those to be filed to that court's presiding judge, authorized judge, commissioned judge, or court clerk) by means of paper documents or other prescribed items (meaning a paper document, a transcript, extract, authenticated copy, or duplicate of a document, a duplicate of a bill or note, or any other paper or other tangible object into which information that can be perceived with the human senses, such as characters and shapes, has been entered; hereinafter the same applies in the following paragraph and paragraph (4)) pursuant to the provisions of this Act or other laws and regulations concerning a petition or statement may be filed by means of electronic data processing systems (meaning electronic data processing systems that connect a computer (including its input and output devices; the same applies hereinafter in this paragraph and paragraph (3)) used by the court and the computer used by the person filing the petition or statement over telecommunication lines) as specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court, notwithstanding the provisions of the laws and regulations.
この法律の規定により裁判所が行う手続における申立てその他の申述(以下この条において「申立て等」という。)のうち、当該申立て等に関するこの法律その他の法令の規定により書面等(書面、書類、文書、謄本、抄本、正本、副本、複本その他文字、図形等人の知覚によって認識することができる情報が記載された紙その他の有体物をいう。次項及び第四項において同じ。)をもってするものとされているものであって、最高裁判所の定める裁判所に対してするもの(当該裁判所の裁判長、受命裁判官、受託裁判官又は裁判所書記官に対してするものを含む。)については、当該法令の規定にかかわらず、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、電子情報処理組織(裁判所の使用に係る電子計算機(入出力装置を含む。以下この項及び第三項において同じ。)と申立て等をする者の使用に係る電子計算機とを電気通信回線で接続した電子情報処理組織をいう。)を用いてすることができる。
The petition or statement filed pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph is deemed to have been filed by means of a paper document or other prescribed item as prescribed in the provisions of the laws and regulations concerning a petition or statement that provide that the petition or statement in question is to be filed by means of a paper document or other prescribed item, and the provisions of the laws and regulations concerning a petition or statement apply to the petition or statement in question.
The petition or statement filed pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) is deemed to have arrived at the court when it is recorded in a file stored on the computer used by a court as referred to in that paragraph.
Notwithstanding the provisions of other laws and regulations concerning a petition or statement, in the case of paragraph (1), in order to file the petition or statement that is to bear a signature or other identifying information (meaning the relevant person's signature, name, seal, or other expressions of the relevant person's name or trade name in paper documents or other prescribed items; hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph) pursuant to the provisions of other laws and regulations concerning the petition or statement, a person filing the petition or statement must take measures to clarify their name or trade name, in lieu of affixing the signature or other identifying information, as provided for by the rules of the Supreme Court.
When a petition or statement filed pursuant to paragraph (1) has been recorded in the file prescribed in paragraph (3), the court referred to in paragraph (1) must output the contents of the data recorded in the file in the form of paper documents.
In order to inspect or copy a case record or have an authenticated copy, transcript, or extract of a case record issued pursuant to the provisions of this Act or other laws or regulations in relation to a petition or statement that is filed pursuant to paragraph (1), the paper documents referred to in the preceding paragraph are to be used. The same applies to service or delivery of a document in connection with the petition or statement.
Article 9-5A Written Judgment
When drafting a written judgment of a judicial decision on a proceeding carried out by a court pursuant to the provisions of this Act, the court must state the main text, the parties and legal representatives, and the court of the judicial decision in the written judgment.
この法律の規定により裁判所が行う手続に係る裁判の裁判書を作成する場合には、当該裁判書には、当該裁判に係る主文、当事者及び法定代理人並びに裁判所を記載しなければならない。
If the written judgment referred to in the preceding paragraph is served, an authenticated copy of the written judgment is served.
前項の裁判書を送達する場合には、当該送達は、当該裁判書の正本によってする。
Article 10Application Mutatis Mutandis of the Code of Civil Procedure to the Proceeding Carried Out by the Court
Except as otherwise provided, the provisions of Part I through Part IV (excluding the provisions of Article 71, paragraph (2), Article 91-2, Article 92, paragraph (9) and paragraph (10), Article 92-2, paragraph (2), Article 94, Article 100, paragraph (2), Part I, Chapter 5, Section 4, Subsection 3, Article 111, Part I, Chapter 7, Article 133-2, paragraph (5) and paragraph (6), Article 133-3, paragraph (2), Article 151, paragraph (3), Article 160, paragraph (2), Article 185, paragraph (3), Article 205, paragraph (2), Article 215, paragraph (2), Article 227, paragraph (2) and Article 232-2) of the Code of Civil Procedure (Act No. 109 of 1996) apply mutatis mutandis to the proceeding carried out by the court pursuant to the provisions of this Act, unless contrary to the nature thereof. In this case, each term or phrase listed in the middle column of the appended table that appears in the provisions listed in the left hand column of that table is deemed to be replaced with the corresponding term or phrase listed in the right hand column of that table.
特別の定めがある場合を除き、この法律の規定により裁判所が行う手続に関しては、その性質に反しない限り、民事訴訟法(平成八年法律第百九号)第一編から第四編までの規定(同法第七十一条第二項、第九十一条の二、第九十二条第九項及び第十項、第九十二条の二第二項、第九十四条、第百条第二項、第一編第五章第四節第三款、第百十一条、第一編第七章、第百三十三条の二第五項及び第六項、第百三十三条の三第二項、第百五十一条第三項、第百六十条第二項、第百八十五条第三項、第二百五条第二項、第二百十五条第二項、第二百二十七条第二項並びに第二百三十二条の二の規定を除く。)を準用する。この場合において、別表の上欄に掲げる同法の規定中同表の中欄に掲げる字句は、それぞれ同表の下欄に掲げる字句に読み替えるものとする。
Article 11Rules of the Supreme Court
Beyond what is provided for in this Act, necessary particulars related to the proceeding carried out by the court pursuant to the provisions of this Act are specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.
この法律に定めるもののほか、この法律の規定により裁判所が行う手続に関し必要な事項は、最高裁判所規則で定める。
Article 12Notice to Be Given by Means of Documents
Unless otherwise agreed between the parties, if a notice in an arbitration procedure is to be given by means of documents, the notice is deemed to have been given at the time when the addressee directly receives the document or the time when the document is delivered to the addressee's domicile, habitual residence, business office, office, or place of delivery (meaning the place designated by the addressee as the place of delivery of documents from the sender; hereinafter the same applies in this Article).
仲裁手続における通知を書面によってするときは、当事者間に別段の合意がない限り、名宛人が直接当該書面を受領した時又は名宛人の住所、常居所、営業所、事務所若しくは配達場所(名宛人が発信人からの書面の配達を受けるべき場所として指定した場所をいう。以下この条において同じ。)に当該書面が配達された時に、通知がされたものとする。
With regard to the notice to be given by means of documents in an arbitration procedure, if it is possible to deliver the document to the addressee's domicile, habitual residence, business office, office, or place of delivery of the addressee, but it is difficult for the sender to obtain the materials that prove the fact of delivery, and the court finds it necessary, it may decide that it will serve the document by itself, upon the petition of the sender. The provisions of Article 104, and Articles 110 through 113 of the Code of Civil Procedure do not apply to the service in this case.
裁判所は、仲裁手続における書面によってする通知について、当該書面を名宛人の住所、常居所、営業所、事務所又は配達場所に配達することが可能であるが、発信人が当該配達の事実を証明する資料を得ることが困難である場合において、必要があると認めるときは、発信人の申立てにより、裁判所が当該書面の送達をする旨の決定をすることができる。この場合における送達については、民事訴訟法第百四条及び第百十条から第百十三条までの規定は適用しない。
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if an agreement to the effect that the service referred to in that paragraph will not be made has been reached between the parties.
Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 5, paragraphs (1) and (2), a case related to the petition referred to in paragraph (2) is under the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts stated in paragraph (1), items (i) and (ii) of that Article and the district court which has jurisdiction over the location of the addressee's domicile, habitual residence, business office, office, or place of delivery.
Unless otherwise agreed between the parties, if a notice in an arbitration procedure is to be given by means of documents, and the addressee's domicile, habitual residence, business office, office, and place of delivery are all impossible to find after making a reasonable inquiry, it is sufficient for the sender to send the document to the addressee's last-known domicile, habitual residence, business office, office, or place of delivery by registered mail or any other means by which they can certify that they have attempted to deliver it. In this case, the notice is deemed to have been given at the time when the document should normally have arrived.
仲裁手続における通知を書面によってする場合において、名宛人の住所、常居所、営業所、事務所及び配達場所の全てが相当の調査をしても分からないときは、当事者間に別段の合意がない限り、発信人は、名宛人の最後の住所、常居所、営業所、事務所又は配達場所に宛てて当該書面を書留郵便その他配達を試みたことを証明することができる方法により発送すれば足りる。この場合においては、当該書面が通常到達すべきであった時に通知がされたものとする。
The provisions of paragraph (1) and the preceding paragraph do not apply to the case in which a notice is to be given in the proceeding carried out by the court pursuant to the provisions of this Act.
第二章 仲裁合意
Chapter II Arbitration Agreement
Article 13Validity of Arbitration Agreement
Except as otherwise provided for in laws and regulations, an arbitration agreement is effective only when its subject is a civil dispute (excluding disputes of divorce or dissolution of adoptive relation) which can be settled between the parties.
仲裁合意は、法令に別段の定めがある場合を除き、当事者が和解をすることができる民事上の紛争(離婚又は離縁の紛争を除く。)を対象とする場合に限り、その効力を有する。
An arbitration agreement must be in writing, such as in the form of a document signed by all the parties, letters or telegrams exchanged between the parties (including those sent by facsimile device or other communication measures for parties at a distance which provides the recipient with a written record of the communicated content), or other documents.
仲裁合意は、当事者の全部が署名した文書、当事者が交換した書簡又は電報(ファクシミリ装置その他の隔地者間の通信手段で文字による通信内容の記録が受信者に提供されるものを用いて送信されたものを含む。)その他の書面によってしなければならない。
If a document containing a clause of an arbitration agreement is quoted in a contract concluded in writing as constituting part of the contract, that arbitration agreement is deemed to be made in writing.
書面によってされた契約において、仲裁合意を内容とする条項が記載された文書が当該契約の一部を構成するものとして引用されているときは、その仲裁合意は、書面によってされたものとみなす。
If an arbitration agreement is made in an electronic or magnetic record (meaning a record used in computerized information processing which is created in an electronic form, magnetic form, or any other form that cannot be perceived by the human senses; the same applies in paragraph (6)) recording its contents, that arbitration agreement is deemed to be made in writing.
In an arbitration procedure, if a written allegation that a party has submitted contains the contents of an arbitration agreement, and another written allegation that the other party has submitted in response to the allegation in question does not contain anything to dispute the contents of the arbitration agreement, the arbitration agreement is deemed to be made in writing.
If a document or electronic or magnetic record including a written or recorded clause of an arbitration agreement is quoted in a contract that is not concluded in writing as constituting a part of that contract, the arbitration agreement is deemed to be made in writing.
In regard to a contract containing an arbitration agreement, even if the clauses of the contract other than that of the arbitration agreement are not valid due to nullity or rescission or for any other reasons, the validity of the arbitration agreement is not automatically impaired.
仲裁合意を含む一の契約において、仲裁合意以外の契約条項が無効、取消しその他の事由により効力を有しないものとされる場合においても、仲裁合意は、当然には、その効力を妨げられない。
Article 14Arbitration Agreement and Suit on the Merits
If an action is filed for a civil dispute which is subject to an arbitration agreement, the court in charge of the case must dismiss the action without prejudice upon the petition of the defendant; provided, however, that this does not apply to the following cases:
仲裁合意の対象となる民事上の紛争について訴えが提起されたときは、受訴裁判所は、被告の申立てにより、訴えを却下しなければならない。ただし、次に掲げる場合は、この限りでない。
if the arbitration agreement is not valid due to nullity or rescission or for any other reasons;
仲裁合意が無効、取消しその他の事由により効力を有しないとき。
if it is impossible to carry out an arbitration procedure based on an arbitration agreement; and
仲裁合意に基づく仲裁手続を行うことができないとき。
if the petition was filed after the defendant presented oral arguments concerning the merits or made statements concerning the merits in preparatory proceedings.
当該申立てが、本案について、被告が弁論をし、又は弁論準備手続において申述をした後にされたものであるとき。
Even while a suit related to the action referred to in the preceding paragraph is pending in the court, an arbitral tribunal may commence or continue the arbitration procedure and make an arbitral award.
Article 15Arbitration Agreement and Provisional Order by the Court
An arbitration agreement does not preclude the parties from filing a petition for a provisional order with the court before the commencement or during the course of the arbitration procedure in regard to the civil dispute that is the subject of the arbitration agreement, and does not preclude the court that has received the petition from issuing a provisional order.
仲裁合意は、その当事者が、当該仲裁合意の対象となる民事上の紛争に関して、仲裁手続の開始前又は進行中に、裁判所に対して保全処分の申立てをすること、及びその申立てを受けた裁判所が保全処分を命ずることを妨げない。
第三章 仲裁人
Chapter III Arbitrator
Article 16Number of Arbitrators
The number of arbitrators is as prescribed by the agreement of the parties.
仲裁人の数は、当事者が合意により定めるところによる。
If there are two parties, and an agreement referred to in the preceding paragraph has not been reached, there will be three arbitrators.
当事者の数が二人である場合において、前項の合意がないときは、仲裁人の数は、三人とする。
If there are three or more parties, and an agreement referred to in paragraph (1) has not been reached, the number of arbitrators is provided by the court, upon the petition of a party.
当事者の数が三人以上である場合において、第一項の合意がないときは、当事者の申立てにより、裁判所が仲裁人の数を定める。
Article 17Appointment of Arbitrators
The procedure for appointing an arbitrator is as provided by the agreement of the parties; provided, however, that this does not apply to what is provided for in paragraph (5) or (6).
If there are two parties and three arbitrators, and an agreement referred to in the preceding paragraph has not been reached, each party will appoint one arbitrator, and the two arbitrators appointed by the parties will appoint the third arbitrator. In this case, if one party fails to appoint an arbitrator within 30 days from the day on which it received a request for appointing an arbitrator from the other party that has already appointed an arbitrator, the court will appoint the arbitrator upon the petition of that other party, and if the two arbitrators appointed by the parties fail to appoint the third arbitrator within 30 days from their appointment, the court will appoint the arbitrator upon the petition of one of the parties.
当事者の数が二人であり、仲裁人の数が三人である場合において、前項の合意がないときは、当事者がそれぞれ一人の仲裁人を、当事者により選任された二人の仲裁人がその余の仲裁人を、選任する。この場合において、一方の当事者が仲裁人を選任した他方の当事者から仲裁人を選任すべき旨の催告を受けた日から三十日以内にその選任をしないときは当該当事者の申立てにより、当事者により選任された二人の仲裁人がその選任後三十日以内にその余の仲裁人を選任しないときは一方の当事者の申立てにより、裁判所が仲裁人を選任する。
If there are two parties and one arbitrator, an agreement referred to in paragraph (1) has not been reached, and the parties are unable to reach an agreement for the appointment of the arbitrator, the court will appoint the arbitrator upon the petition of one of the parties.
当事者の数が二人であり、仲裁人の数が一人である場合において、第一項の合意がなく、かつ、当事者間に仲裁人の選任についての合意が成立しないときは、一方の当事者の申立てにより、裁判所が仲裁人を選任する。
If there are three or more parties, and the agreement referred to in paragraph (1) has not been reached, the court will appoint the arbitrator upon the petition of a party.
当事者の数が三人以上である場合において、第一項の合意がないときは、当事者の申立てにより、裁判所が仲裁人を選任する。
Even if a procedure for appointing an arbitrator has been provided by the agreement referred to in paragraph (1), if it becomes impossible to appoint an arbitrator under the procedure for appointing an arbitrator due to the fact that the act provided under the procedure is not performed or for any other reason, one of the parties may file a petition for the appointment of an arbitrator with the court.
第一項の合意により仲裁人の選任手続が定められた場合であっても、当該選任手続において定められた行為がされないことその他の理由によって当該選任手続による仲裁人の選任ができなくなったときは、一方の当事者は、裁判所に対し、仲裁人の選任の申立てをすることができる。
In appointing an arbitrator under the provisions of paragraph (2) through the preceding paragraph, the court must pay due consideration to the following matters:
裁判所は、第二項から前項までの規定による仲裁人の選任に当たっては、次に掲げる事項に配慮しなければならない。
the requirements for the arbitrator as provided by the agreement of the parties;
当事者の合意により定められた仲裁人の要件
the impartiality and independence of the person to be appointed; and
選任される者の公正性及び独立性
if there is one arbitrator, or if the two arbitrators appointed by the parties are to appoint an arbitrator, whether it is appropriate or not to appoint a person whose nationality is different from those of both parties.
仲裁人の数を一人とする場合又は当事者により選任された二人の仲裁人が選任すべき仲裁人を選任すべき場合にあっては、当事者双方の国籍と異なる国籍を有する者を選任することが適当かどうか。
Article 18Grounds for a Challenge
If the following grounds are found with respect to an arbitrator, the parties may challenge the arbitrator:
当事者は、仲裁人に次に掲げる事由があるときは、当該仲裁人を忌避することができる。
the arbitrator fails to satisfy the requirements provided by the agreement of the parties; or
当事者の合意により定められた仲裁人の要件を具備しないとき。
there are reasonable grounds to doubt the impartiality or independence of the arbitrator.
仲裁人の公正性又は独立性を疑うに足りる相当な理由があるとき。
A party that has appointed an arbitrator or that has made a recommendation for appointment or otherwise similarly participated in the appointment of the arbitrator may challenge that arbitrator only if they do so on grounds that they become aware of after the appointment.
仲裁人を選任し、又は当該仲裁人の選任について推薦その他これに類する関与をした当事者は、当該選任後に知った事由を忌避の原因とする場合に限り、当該仲裁人を忌避することができる。
A person who has been requested to assume the post of an arbitrator and intends to accept the negotiation must disclose to the person that made the request all facts that would be likely to give rise to doubts as to their impartiality or independence.
仲裁人への就任の依頼を受けてその交渉に応じようとする者は、当該依頼をした者に対し、自己の公正性又は独立性に疑いを生じさせるおそれのある事実の全部を開示しなければならない。
An arbitrator must disclose all the facts that would be likely to give rise to doubts as to their impartiality or independence (excluding those which have already been disclosed) to the parties without delay during the course of the arbitration procedure.
仲裁人は、仲裁手続の進行中、当事者に対し、自己の公正性又は独立性に疑いを生じさせるおそれのある事実(既に開示したものを除く。)の全部を遅滞なく開示しなければならない。
Article 19Challenge Procedure
The procedure for challenging an arbitrator is as provided by the agreement of the parties; provided, however, that this does not apply to what is provided for in paragraph (4).
仲裁人の忌避の手続は、当事者が合意により定めるところによる。ただし、第四項に規定するものについては、この限りでない。
If an agreement referred to in the preceding paragraph has not been reached, the decision on the challenge of the arbitrator is to be made by the arbitral tribunal, upon the petition of a party.
A party that intends to file a petition referred to in the preceding paragraph must submit a written petition stating the grounds for the challenge to the arbitral tribunal within 15 days from the day on which they became aware that the arbitral tribunal had been organized or the day on which they became aware of the existence of any grounds referred to in the items of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, whichever comes later. In this case, if the arbitral tribunal finds grounds for challenging the arbitrator, it must decide that the challenge is well-grounded.
If a decision is made to the effect that the challenge of an arbitrator is groundless in the challenge procedure provided in the preceding three paragraphs, the party that challenged may file a petition for the challenge of the arbitrator with the court, within 30 days from the day of receipt of notice of the decision. In this case, if the court finds grounds for challenging the arbitrator, it must decide that the challenge is well-grounded.
前三項に規定する忌避の手続において仲裁人の忌避を理由がないとする決定がされた場合には、その忌避をした当事者は、当該決定の通知を受けた日から三十日以内に、裁判所に対し、当該仲裁人の忌避の申立てをすることができる。この場合において、裁判所は、当該仲裁人に忌避の原因があると認めるときは、忌避を理由があるとする決定をしなければならない。
Even while the case subject to the petition for the challenge referred to in the preceding paragraph is pending in court, the arbitral tribunal may commence or continue the arbitration procedure, and make an arbitral award.
Article 20Petition for Dismissal
If the following grounds are found, a party may file a petition to dismiss the arbitrator with the court. In this case, if the court finds that grounds related to the petition apply to the arbitrator, it must decide to dismiss the arbitrator:
当事者は、次に掲げる事由があるときは、裁判所に対し、仲裁人の解任の申立てをすることができる。この場合において、裁判所は、当該仲裁人にその申立てに係る事由があると認めるときは、当該仲裁人を解任する決定をしなければならない。
までに第二十二条第一項第一号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the arbitrator has become legally or practically unable to perform their duties; or
仲裁人が法律上又は事実上その任務を遂行することができなくなったとき。
までに第二十二条第一項第二号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
except for the case set forth in the preceding item, the arbitrator unjustly delays the performance of their duties.
前号の場合を除くほか、仲裁人がその任務の遂行を不当に遅滞させたとき。
Article 21End of the Arbitrator's Duties
The arbitrator's duties end for the following reasons:
仲裁人の任務は、次に掲げる事由により、終了する。
までに第二十三条第一項第三号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the dismissal of the arbitrator by the agreement of the parties;
当事者の合意による仲裁人の解任
までに改正、第二十三条第一項第四号へ(令和五年法律第五十三号)
a decision finding a challenge to be well-grounded, which has been made in the challenge procedure provided for in Article 19, paragraphs (1) through (4); and
第十九条第一項から第四項までに規定する忌避の手続においてされた忌避を理由があるとする決定
までに第二十三条第一項第五号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
a decision to dismiss the arbitrator under the preceding Article.
前条の規定による仲裁人の解任の決定
It is prohibited to presume that the grounds stated in the items of Article 18, paragraph (1) or the items of the preceding Article are found regarding the relevant arbitrator from the mere fact that the arbitrator resigned or was dismissed by the agreement of the parties during the course of the challenge procedure provided for in Article 19, paragraphs (1) through (4), or the procedure for dismissal under the preceding Article.
第十九条第一項から第四項までに規定する忌避の手続又は前条の規定による解任の手続の進行中に、仲裁人が辞任し、又は当事者の合意により仲裁人が解任されたという事実のみから、当該仲裁人について第十八条第一項各号又は前条各号に掲げる事由があるものと推定してはならない。
Article 22Method of Appointing the Successor Arbitrator
Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, if the arbitrator's duties have ended for the reasons stated in the items of the preceding Article, paragraph (1), the method of appointing a successor arbitrator is the appointment method applied to the appointment of the arbitrator whose duties have ended.
前条第一項各号に掲げる事由により仲裁人の任務が終了した場合における後任の仲裁人の選任の方法は、当事者間に別段の合意がない限り、任務が終了した仲裁人の選任に適用された選任の方法による。
第四章 仲裁廷の特別の権限
Chapter IV Special Authority of Arbitral Tribunal
Article 23Competence of Arbitral Tribunal to Rule on Its Jurisdiction
An arbitral tribunal may rule on its own jurisdiction (meaning the authority to carry out proceedings in an arbitration procedure and to make an arbitral award; hereinafter the same applies in this Article), including a ruling on any allegations on the existence or validity of an arbitration agreement.
In an arbitration procedure, an allegation that an arbitral tribunal does not have jurisdiction must be made promptly after the occurrence of the cause for the allegation if the cause has occurred during the course of the arbitration procedure, or, in any other case, an allegation must be made by the time of submission of the first written allegation on the merits (including the time of orally making the first allegation on the merits in oral hearings); provided, however, that this does not apply when the arbitral tribunal finds justifiable grounds for a delay in making an allegation that the arbitral tribunal does not have jurisdiction.
A party may make the allegation referred to in the preceding paragraph even if the party has appointed an arbitrator, or has made a recommendation for an arbitrator or otherwise similarly participated in the appointment of an arbitrator.
当事者は、仲裁人を選任し、又は仲裁人の選任について推薦その他これに類する関与をした場合であっても、前項の主張をすることができる。
If the allegation referred to in paragraph (2) has been made lawfully, an arbitral tribunal must rule on the allegation by the decision or arbitral award provided for in the following items for each category of ruling set forth in those items:
までに第二十五条第四項第一号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
when ruling that the arbitral tribunal has jurisdiction:by an independent decision made before an arbitral award or by an arbitral award; and
までに第二十五条第四項第二号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
when ruling that the arbitral tribunal does not have jurisdiction:by a decision to end the arbitration procedure.
自己が仲裁権限を有しない旨の判断を示す場合 仲裁手続の終了決定
If an arbitral tribunal has ruled that it has jurisdiction in its independent decision made before an arbitral award, a party may petition a court to rule on whether the arbitral tribunal has jurisdiction within 30 days of receipt of notice of the decision. In this case, even if a case related to said petition is pending in the court, the arbitral tribunal may continue the arbitration procedure and make an arbitral award.
Article 24Interim Measures
Until an arbitral award is made, unless otherwise agreed by the parties, upon the petition of a party, an arbitral tribunal may order the other party to take the following measures:
までに第二十六条第一項第一号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
to prohibit the disposal of or any other change to property necessary for the payment of money, when it is likely that an enforcement regarding a claim for payment of money will not be possible, or it is likely that significant difficulties will arise in implementing enforcement;
金銭の支払を目的とする債権について、強制執行をすることができなくなるおそれがあるとき、又は強制執行をするのに著しい困難を生ずるおそれがあるときに、当該金銭の支払をするために必要な財産の処分その他の変更を禁止すること。
までに第二十六条第一項第二号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
to prohibit the disposal of or any other change to any property which is the subject of a claim to seek provision of property benefits, when it is likely that the exercise of the right regarding the claim to seek provision of property benefits (excluding payment of money) will not be possible or will be extremely difficult;
財産上の給付(金銭の支払を除く。)を求める権利について、当該権利を実行することができなくなるおそれがあるとき、又は当該権利を実行するのに著しい困難を生ずるおそれがあるときに、当該給付の目的である財産の処分その他の変更を禁止すること。
までに第二十六条第一項第三号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
to prevent any substantial loss or imminent danger from arising that would occur to the party that filed the petition with regard to the property or relationship of rights which is the subject matter of the dispute, take necessary prevention measures, or restore the status quo of the property or relationship of rights if it has been changed, in order to avoid the loss or danger in question;
紛争の対象となる物又は権利関係について、申立てをした当事者に生ずる著しい損害又は急迫の危険を避けるため、当該損害若しくは当該危険の発生を防止し、若しくはその防止に必要な措置をとり、又は変更が生じた当該物若しくは権利関係について変更前の原状の回復をすること。
までに第二十六条第一項第四号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
to prohibit actions that cause harm or prejudice to the proceedings in the arbitration procedure (excluding the actions stated in the following item); or
仲裁手続における審理を妨げる行為を禁止すること(次号に掲げるものを除く。)。
までに第二十六条第一項第五号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
to prohibit actions such as disposing, erasing or altering evidence necessary for the proceedings in the arbitration procedure.
仲裁手続の審理のために必要な証拠について、その廃棄、消去又は改変その他の行為を禁止すること。
When filing a petition referred to in the preceding paragraph (excluding item (v) of that paragraph), a party must make a prima facie showing of the rights or relationship of rights that must be preserved and the fact constituting the grounds for the petition.
In issuing an order to take measures stated in the items in paragraph (1) (hereinafter referred to as "order for interim measures"), if it finds it necessary, the arbitral tribunal may order the provision of appropriate security.
If it is found that the grounds of the rights or relationship of rights that must be preserved or the grounds for the petition referred to in paragraph (1) do not exist or cease to exist or if there has been any other change in circumstances, upon petition, the arbitral tribunal may revoke, amend or suspend the order for interim measures.
Beyond the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the arbitral tribunal finds that there are special circumstances, the arbitral tribunal may revoke, amend or suspend the order for interim measures on its own initiative, after notifying the parties to that effect.
When it considers that there has been a change in circumstances referred to in paragraph (4), the arbitral tribunal may order the parties to promptly disclose whether there has been a change in circumstances and, if so, the content of the change in circumstances.
If a party that filed a petition for an order for interim measures (referred to as a "petitioner" in the following paragraph) does not comply with the order under the preceding paragraph, for the purpose of application of the provisions in paragraph (4), a change in circumstances stated in that paragraph is deemed to have taken place.
When the arbitral tribunal revokes, amends or suspends an order for interim measures pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (4) or (5), and it finds that the order for interim measures was issued due to grounds attributable to the petitioner, upon petition by the person who received the order for interim measures, it may order the petitioner to compensate for any damage that the person who received the order for interim measures has consequently suffered; provided, however, that this does not apply if the parties have agreed otherwise.
The order under the preceding paragraph has the effect of an arbitral award.
The provisions of Article 39 apply mutatis mutandis to the order under paragraph (8), and the provisions of paragraphs (1) and (3) of that Article apply mutatis mutandis to the order for interim measures and other orders (excluding the order under paragraph (8)) or decisions under this Article.
第五章 仲裁手続の開始及び仲裁手続における審理
Chapter V Commencement of Arbitration Procedure and Proceedings in Arbitration Procedure
Article 25Equal Treatment of Parties
The parties must be treated equally in an arbitration procedure.
仲裁手続においては、当事者は、平等に取り扱われなければならない。
The parties must be given a full opportunity to explain their case in an arbitration procedure.
仲裁手続においては、当事者は、事案について説明する十分な機会が与えられなければならない。
Article 26Rules of Arbitration Procedure
The rules of an arbitration procedure which the arbitral tribunal should observe are as provided by the agreement of the parties; provided, however, that these rules must not violate the provisions concerning public order provided in this Act.
仲裁廷が従うべき仲裁手続の準則は、当事者が合意により定めるところによる。ただし、この法律の公の秩序に関する規定に反してはならない。
If an agreement referred to in the preceding paragraph has not been reached, the arbitral tribunal may carry out the arbitration procedure in the manner it finds appropriate, unless the manner violates the provisions of this Act.
If an agreement referred to in paragraph (1) has not been reached, the power conferred upon the arbitral tribunal includes the power to determine the admissibility of the evidence as evidence, necessity of its examination, and its probative value.
Article 27Waiver of Right of Objection
In an arbitration procedure, if a party that knows that any provisions of this Act or rules of an arbitration procedure which have been provided by the agreement of the parties (limited to those unrelated to public order) have not been complied with does not state their objection without delay (or if a period within which an objection should be stated is provided for, within the period), the party is deemed to have waived their right to object, unless otherwise agreed between the parties.
仲裁手続においては、当事者は、この法律の規定又は当事者間の合意により定められた仲裁手続の準則(いずれも公の秩序に関しないものに限る。)が遵守されていないことを知りながら、遅滞なく(異議を述べるべき期限についての定めがある場合にあっては、当該期限までに)異議を述べないときは、当事者間に別段の合意がない限り、異議を述べる権利を放棄したものとみなす。
Article 28Place of Arbitration
The place of arbitration is as provided by the agreement of the parties.
仲裁地は、当事者が合意により定めるところによる。
If an agreement referred to in the preceding paragraph has not been reached, the arbitral tribunal is to decide the place of arbitration by taking into consideration the circumstances of the dispute, including the convenience of the parties.
Notwithstanding the place of arbitration under the preceding two paragraphs, unless otherwise agreed by the parties, an arbitral tribunal may carry out the following procedures at any place it considers appropriate:
hearing of statements of the parties, experts, or third parties; and
当事者、鑑定人又は第三者の陳述の聴取
Article 29Commencement of Arbitration Procedure, and Postponement of Expiry of Prescription Period and Renewal of Prescription Period
Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, an arbitration procedure regarding a particular civil dispute commences on the date on which one party notifies the other party that the arbitration procedure is to be applied to the civil dispute.
仲裁手続は、当事者間に別段の合意がない限り、特定の民事上の紛争について、一方の当事者が他方の当事者に対し、これを仲裁手続に付する旨の通知をした日に開始する。
A request in an arbitration procedure has the effect of postponement of expiration of the prescription period and renewal of the prescription period; provided, however, that this does not apply to cases in which the arbitration procedure has been ended without an arbitral award.
仲裁手続における請求は、時効の完成猶予及び更新の効力を生ずる。ただし、当該仲裁手続が仲裁判断によらずに終了したときは、この限りでない。
Article 30Language
The languages to be used in an arbitration procedure and the procedures to be carried out by using those languages are as provided by the agreement of the parties.
仲裁手続において使用する言語及びその言語を使用して行うべき手続は、当事者が合意により定めるところによる。
If an agreement referred to in the preceding paragraph has not been reached, the arbitral tribunal determines the languages to be used in the arbitration procedure and the procedures to be carried out by using those languages.
If the agreement referred to in paragraph (1) or the determination referred to in the preceding paragraph does not provide for the procedures to be carried out by using the languages specified, the procedures to be carried out by using those languages are to be as follows:
までに第三十二条第三項第三号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
decision (including an arbitral award) or notice in writing by the arbitral tribunal.
An arbitral tribunal may order that any documentary evidence is to be accompanied by a translation into the languages provided by the agreement referred to in paragraph (1) or determination referred to in paragraph (2) (or if the languages to be used for a translation are provided, into the languages).
Article 31Time Limit of Statements by the Parties
An arbitration petitioner (meaning a party that carried out acts to commence the arbitration procedure; the same applies hereinafter) must state the object of a petition, the facts supporting their petition and points of the dispute within the period determined by the arbitral tribunal. In this case, the arbitration petitioner may submit all documentary evidence they consider necessary to be examined or quote documentary evidence or other evidence they plan to submit.
仲裁申立人(仲裁手続において、これを開始させるための行為をした当事者をいう。以下同じ。)は、仲裁廷が定めた期間内に、申立ての趣旨、申立ての根拠となる事実及び紛争の要点を陳述しなければならない。この場合において、仲裁申立人は、取り調べる必要があると思料するすべての証拠書類を提出し、又は提出予定の証拠書類その他の証拠を引用することができる。
An arbitration respondent (meaning the party to the arbitration procedure other than the arbitration petitioner; the same applies hereinafter) must state their allegation regarding the matters stated pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, within the period determined by the arbitral tribunal. In this case, the provisions of the second sentence of that paragraph apply mutatis mutandis.
All parties may amend or supplement their statements during the course of the arbitration procedure; provided, however, that if the amendment or supplement has been made outside the appropriate time, the arbitral tribunal may decide not to allow that amendment or supplement.
すべての当事者は、仲裁手続の進行中において、自己の陳述の変更又は追加をすることができる。ただし、当該変更又は追加が時機に後れてされたものであるときは、仲裁廷は、これを許さないことができる。
The provisions of the preceding three paragraphs do not apply in cases where otherwise agreed by the parties.
前三項の規定は、当事者間に別段の合意がある場合には、適用しない。
Article 32Proceedings
An arbitral tribunal may hold oral hearings to have the parties produce evidence or state their opinions; provided, however, that if one party makes the request referred to in Article 34, paragraph (3) or otherwise petitions to hold oral hearings, the arbitral tribunal must hold the oral hearings at an appropriate stage of the arbitration procedure.
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if otherwise agreed by the parties.
前項の規定は、当事者間に別段の合意がある場合には、適用しない。
If the arbitral tribunal holds an oral hearing to hear opinions or inspect goods or documents, it must notify the parties of the date, time and place of the oral hearing, leaving a reasonable period of time before the date of the oral hearing.
仲裁廷は、意見の聴取又は物若しくは文書の見分を行うために口頭審理を行うときは、当該口頭審理の期日までに相当な期間をおいて、当事者に対し、当該口頭審理の日時及び場所を通知しなければならない。
If a party has submitted a written allegation, documentary evidence or any other records to the arbitral tribunal, the party must take measures to enable the other party to know their contents.
An arbitral tribunal must take measures to enable all the parties to know the content of the report of the expert and other evidentiary material which should serve as the basis for the arbitral award or other decisions by the arbitral tribunal.
Article 33Treatment in Case of Default of a Party
If an arbitration petitioner violates the provisions of Article 31, paragraph (1), the arbitral tribunal must make a decision to end the arbitration procedure; provided, however, that this does not apply to cases in which there are justifiable grounds for that violation.
Even if an arbitration respondent has violated the provisions of Article 31, paragraph (2), the arbitral tribunal must continue the arbitration procedure without treating that violation as being the arbitration respondent's admission of the arbitration petitioner's allegations.
If one party fails to appear on the date of oral hearings or to produce documentary evidence, the arbitral tribunal may make an arbitral award on the evidence collected by that time; provided, however, that this does not apply to cases in which there are justifiable grounds for the party to fail to appear at the oral hearings or to produce documentary evidence.
The provisions of the preceding three paragraphs do not apply if otherwise agreed by the parties.
前三項の規定は、当事者間に別段の合意がある場合には、適用しない。
Article 34Appointment of Expert by Arbitral Tribunal
An arbitral tribunal may appoint one or more experts, and may have them conduct an expert examination concerning necessary matters and report the results in writing or orally.
仲裁廷は、一人又は二人以上の鑑定人を選任し、必要な事項について鑑定をさせ、文書又は口頭によりその結果の報告をさせることができる。
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, the arbitral tribunal may require the parties to carry out the following acts:
までに第三十六条第二項第一号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
to provide the experts with the information necessary for an expert examination; and
鑑定に必要な情報を鑑定人に提供すること。
までに第三十六条第二項第二号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
to submit documents and other items necessary for an expert examination to the expert, or enable the expert to inspect them.
鑑定に必要な文書その他の物を、鑑定人に提出し、又は鑑定人が見分をすることができるようにすること。
If the parties request or the arbitral tribunal finds it necessary, an expert must appear on the date of the oral hearing after delivering the report referred to in paragraph (1).
The parties may carry out the following acts on the date of the oral hearing referred to in the preceding paragraph:
当事者は、前項の口頭審理の期日において、次に掲げる行為をすることができる。
までに第三十六条第四項第二号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
to have a person who has expert knowledge and whom the party has appointed make statements concerning the matters related to the expert examination.
自己が依頼した専門的知識を有する者に当該鑑定に係る事項について陳述をさせること。
The provisions of the preceding paragraphs do not apply if otherwise agreed by the parties.
前各項の規定は、当事者間に別段の合意がある場合には、適用しない。
Article 35Examination of Evidence by the Court
An arbitral tribunal or party may petition the court to implement the commission of an investigation, examination of a witness, examination by an expert, examination of documentary evidence (excluding the examination which the parties conduct in the documents which they submit) and observation (excluding the observation in which the parties present the subject matter) provided for in the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure and found necessary by the arbitral tribunal; provided, however, that this does not apply to cases in which the parties have agreed not to petition the implementation of all or part of these procedures.
In order to file a petition referred to in the preceding paragraph, the party must obtain the consent of the arbitral tribunal.
Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 5, paragraphs (1) and (2), the case subject to the petition referred to in paragraph (1) is under the exclusive jurisdiction of the following courts:
までに第三十七条第三項第一号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the courts stated in Article 5, paragraph (1), item (ii);
第五条第一項第二号に掲げる裁判所
までに改正、第三十七条第三項第二号へ(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the district court which has jurisdiction over the domicile or residence of the person to be examined or the person that possesses the document, or the location of the subject matter of the observation;
尋問を受けるべき者若しくは文書を所持する者の住所若しくは居所又は検証の目的の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所
までに第三十七条第三項第三号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the district court which has jurisdiction over the general venue of the petitioner or respondent (limited to cases in which there is no court set forth in the preceding two items); and
申立人又は被申立人の普通裁判籍の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所(前二号に掲げる裁判所がない場合に限る。)
までに第三十七条第三項第四号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the Tokyo District Court and the Osaka District Court.
東京地方裁判所及び大阪地方裁判所
An immediate appeal may be filed against the decision on the petition referred to in paragraph (1).
第一項の申立てについての決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
If the court implements the examination of evidence upon the petition referred to in paragraph (1), an arbitrator may inspect the document, verify the subject matter of the observation, or may ask the witness or expert (meaning the expert provided for in Article 213 of the Code of Civil Procedure) questions by obtaining the permission of the presiding judge.
第一項の申立てにより裁判所が当該証拠調べを実施するに当たり、仲裁人は、文書を閲読し、検証の目的を検証し、又は裁判長の許可を得て証人若しくは鑑定人(民事訴訟法第二百十三条に規定する鑑定人をいう。)に対して質問をすることができる。
A court clerk must prepare records concerning the examination of evidence to be implemented by the court upon the petition referred to in paragraph (1).
裁判所書記官は、第一項の申立てにより裁判所が実施する証拠調べについて、調書を作成しなければならない。
第六章 仲裁判断及び仲裁手続の終了
Chapter VI Arbitral Award and End of Arbitration Procedure
Article 36Applicable Law to be Applied in Arbitral Award
The laws which the arbitral tribunal should comply with in making an arbitral award are as provided by the agreement of the parties. In this case, if laws and regulations of a given State have been designated, that designation is deemed not to designate the laws and regulations of the State providing the application of conflicting domestic and foreign laws and regulations but rather the laws and regulations of the State which are to be directly applied to the case, unless a contrary intention has been clearly indicated.
If an agreement referred to in the preceding paragraph has not been reached, the arbitral tribunal must apply the laws and regulations of a State which has the closest relationship to the civil dispute that has been referred to the arbitration procedure and which should be directly applied to the case.
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, if both parties have stated a clear request, the arbitral tribunal is to decide ex aequo et bono.
An arbitral tribunal must make decisions in accordance with the terms of the contract related to the civil dispute which has been referred to the arbitral procedure, if the contract exists, and take into account the practices applicable to the relevant civil dispute, if any practices exist.
仲裁廷は、仲裁手続に付された民事上の紛争に係る契約があるときはこれに定められたところに従って判断し、当該民事上の紛争に適用することができる慣習があるときはこれを考慮しなければならない。
Article 37Decision of the Arbitral Tribunal Which is a Panel
An arbitral tribunal which is a panel must appoint a presiding arbitrator, who is to be elected from among the arbitral tribunal members.
合議体である仲裁廷は、仲裁人の互選により、仲裁廷の長である仲裁人を選任しなければならない。
The decision of an arbitral tribunal which is a panel is made by the majority of the arbitrators constituting the arbitral tribunal.
合議体である仲裁廷の議事は、仲裁廷を構成する仲裁人の過半数で決する。
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the procedural matters in an arbitration procedure may be decided by the arbitrator who is the presiding arbitrator, if agreed to by both of the parties or delegated by all the other arbitrators.
The provisions of the preceding three paragraphs do not apply if otherwise agreed by the parties.
前三項の規定は、当事者間に別段の合意がある場合には、適用しない。
Article 38Settlement
During the course of the arbitration procedure, if a settlement is arranged between the parties with regard to a civil dispute which has been referred to an arbitration procedure and both the parties have so petitioned, the arbitral tribunal may make a decision based on the agreed matters in the settlement.
仲裁廷は、仲裁手続の進行中において、仲裁手続に付された民事上の紛争について当事者間に和解が成立し、かつ、当事者双方の申立てがあるときは、当該和解における合意を内容とする決定をすることができる。
The decision referred to in the preceding paragraph has the effect of an arbitral award.
In making the decision referred to in paragraph (1), an arbitral tribunal must prepare a written decision in accordance with the provisions of paragraphs (1) and (3) of the following Article and indicate that the written decision is an arbitral award.
If the consent of both parties has been obtained, an arbitral tribunal or one or more arbitrators who have been appointed by the arbitral tribunal may attempt to arrange a settlement for the civil dispute which has been referred to an arbitral procedure.
当事者双方の承諾がある場合には、仲裁廷又はその選任した一人若しくは二人以上の仲裁人は、仲裁手続に付された民事上の紛争について、和解を試みることができる。
The consent referred to in the preceding paragraph or the revocation of the consent must be made in writing, unless otherwise agreed by the parties.
前項の承諾又はその撤回は、当事者間に別段の合意がない限り、書面でしなければならない。
Article 39Written Arbitral Award
For an arbitral award to be made, a written arbitral award must be prepared and signed by the arbitrators who have made the arbitral award; provided, however, that if the arbitral tribunal is a panel, it will be sufficient that the written arbitral award is signed by the majority of the arbitrators constituting the arbitral tribunal and states the reasons for the signatures of other arbitrators being omitted.
A written arbitral award must state its reasons; provided, however, that this does not apply if otherwise agreed by the parties.
仲裁判断書には、理由を記載しなければならない。ただし、当事者間に別段の合意がある場合は、この限りでない。
A written arbitral award must state the date of the preparation and the place of arbitration.
仲裁判断書には、作成の年月日及び仲裁地を記載しなければならない。
An arbitral award is deemed to have been made at the place of arbitration.
仲裁判断は、仲裁地においてされたものとみなす。
If an arbitral award has been made, the arbitral tribunal must notify each party of the arbitral award by sending a copy of the written arbitral award signed by the arbitrators.
The provisions of the proviso to paragraph (1) apply mutatis mutandis to the copy of the written arbitral award referred to in the preceding paragraph.
Article 40End of Arbitration Procedure
An arbitration procedure ends when an arbitral award or a decision to end the arbitration procedure has been made.
仲裁手続は、仲裁判断又は仲裁手続の終了決定があったときに、終了する。
Beyond what is provided for in the provisions of Article 23, paragraph (4), item (ii) or Article 33, paragraph (1), if any of the following grounds exist, an arbitral tribunal must make a decision to end the arbitration procedure:
仲裁廷は、第二十三条第四項第二号又は第三十三条第一項の規定による場合のほか、次に掲げる事由のいずれかがあるときは、仲裁手続の終了決定をしなければならない。
までに第四十二条第二項第一号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
if the arbitration petitioner has withdrawn their petition; provided, however, that this does not apply to cases in which the arbitration respondent has stated their objection against the withdrawal, and the arbitral tribunal recognizes a legitimate interest on the part of the arbitration respondent in resolving the civil dispute which has been referred to an arbitration procedure;
までに第四十二条第二項第二号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
if both the parties have reached an agreement to end the arbitral procedure;
当事者双方が仲裁手続を終了させる旨の合意をしたとき。
までに改正、第四十二条第二項第三号へ(令和五年法律第五十三号)
if a settlement has been arranged between the parties in regard to the civil dispute which has been referred to an arbitration procedure (excluding the case in which the decision referred to in Article 38, paragraph (1) has been made); and
仲裁手続に付された民事上の紛争について、当事者間に和解が成立したとき(第三十八条第一項の決定があったときを除く。)。
までに第四十二条第二項第四号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
beyond the cases set forth in the preceding three items, if the arbitral tribunal has found that it is unnecessary or impossible to continue the arbitration procedure.
When the arbitration procedure has ended, the duties of the arbitral tribunal end; provided, however, that the acts under the following Article through Article 43 may be carried out.
仲裁手続が終了したときは、仲裁廷の任務は、終了する。ただし、次条から第四十三条までの規定による行為をすることができる。
Article 41Correction of Arbitral Award
An arbitral tribunal may correct any miscalculation, clerical error or any other error similar to them in the arbitral award, upon the petition of the parties or on its own initiative.
The petition referred to in the preceding paragraph must be filed within 30 days from the date of receipt of the notice of arbitral award, unless otherwise agreed by the parties.
If the party makes a petition referred to in paragraph (1), they must issue a notice containing the contents of the petition to the other party, in advance of or at the same time as the petition.
当事者は、第一項の申立てをするときは、あらかじめ、又は同時に、他の当事者に対して、当該申立ての内容を記載した通知を発しなければならない。
The arbitral tribunal must make a decision on the petition referred to in paragraph (1) within 30 days from the date of that petition.
If it finds it necessary, the arbitral tribunal may extend the period referred to in the preceding paragraph.
The provisions of Article 39 apply mutatis mutandis to the decision to correct the arbitral award and the decision to dismiss the petition referred to in paragraph (1) without prejudice.
Article 42Interpretation of Arbitral Award by Arbitral Tribunal
The parties may petition the arbitral tribunal to give an interpretation of a specific part of the arbitral award.
The petition referred to in the preceding paragraph may be filed only if an agreement has been reached between the parties that the petition may be filed.
前項の申立ては、当事者間にかかる申立てをすることができる旨の合意がある場合に限り、することができる。
The provisions of the preceding Article, paragraphs (2) and (3) apply mutatis mutandis to the petition referred to in paragraph (1), and the provisions of Article 39 and the preceding Article, paragraphs (4) and (5) apply mutatis mutandis to the decision on the petition referred to in paragraph (1).
Article 43Additional Arbitral Award
If the award regarding a petition in an arbitration procedure is not stated in the arbitral award, the parties may petition the arbitral tribunal to make an arbitral award regarding the petition, unless otherwise agreed by the parties. In this case, the provisions of Article 41, paragraphs (2) and (3) apply mutatis mutandis.
The arbitral tribunal must make a decision on the petition referred to in the preceding paragraph within 60 days from the date of the petition. In this case, the provisions of Article 41, paragraph (5) apply mutatis mutandis.
The provisions of Article 39 apply mutatis mutandis to the decision referred to in the preceding paragraph.
第七章 仲裁判断の取消し
Chapter VII Setting Aside of Arbitral Award
Article 44
If any of the following grounds exist, the parties may file a petition with the court to set aside the arbitral award:
当事者は、次に掲げる事由があるときは、裁判所に対し、仲裁判断の取消しの申立てをすることができる。
までに第四十六条第一項第一号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the arbitration agreement is not valid due to the limitation on the legal capacity of a party;
仲裁合意が、当事者の行為能力の制限により、その効力を有しないこと。
までに第四十六条第一項第二号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the arbitration agreement is not valid on grounds other than the limitation on the legal capacity of a party pursuant to the laws and regulations designated by the agreement of the parties as those which should be applied to the arbitration agreement (or if the designation has not been made, pursuant to Japanese laws and regulations);
仲裁合意が、当事者が合意により仲裁合意に適用すべきものとして指定した法令(当該指定がないときは、日本の法令)によれば、当事者の行為能力の制限以外の事由により、その効力を有しないこと。
までに第四十六条第一項第三号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the petitioner did not receive the notice that is required pursuant to Japanese laws and regulations (or if the parties have reached an agreement on the matters concerning the provisions unrelated to public order in those laws and regulations, pursuant to the agreement) in the procedure of appointing arbitrators or in the arbitration procedure;
申立人が、仲裁人の選任手続又は仲裁手続において、日本の法令(その法令の公の秩序に関しない規定に関する事項について当事者間に合意があるときは、当該合意)により必要とされる通知を受けなかったこと。
までに第四十六条第一項第四号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the petitioner was unable to conduct a defense in the arbitration procedure;
申立人が、仲裁手続において防御することが不可能であったこと。
までに第四十六条第一項第五号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the arbitral award contains a decision concerning matters beyond the scope of the arbitration agreement or of the petition presented in the arbitration procedure;
までに第四十六条第一項第六号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the composition of the arbitral tribunal or the arbitration procedure is in violation of Japanese laws and regulations (or if the parties have reached an agreement regarding the matters concerning the provisions unrelated to public order in those laws and regulations, the agreement);
仲裁廷の構成又は仲裁手続が、日本の法令(その法令の公の秩序に関しない規定に関する事項について当事者間に合意があるときは、当該合意)に違反するものであったこと。
までに第四十六条第一項第七号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
a petition filed in the arbitration procedure is concerned with a dispute which may not be subject to an arbitration agreement pursuant to the provisions of Japanese laws and regulations; or
仲裁手続における申立てが、日本の法令によれば、仲裁合意の対象とすることができない紛争に関するものであること。
までに第四十六条第一項第八号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the content of the arbitral award is contrary to public policy in Japan.
仲裁判断の内容が、日本における公の秩序又は善良の風俗に反すること。
The petition referred to in the preceding paragraph may not be filed when three months have elapsed from the date on which the notice was given through sending of a copy of the written arbitral award (including the written decision made by the arbitral tribunal under Article 41 through the preceding Article), or when the enforceability order under Article 46 has become final and binding.
前項の申立ては、仲裁判断書(第四十一条から前条までの規定による仲裁廷の決定の決定書を含む。)の写しの送付による通知がされた日から三箇月を経過したとき、又は第四十六条の規定による執行決定が確定したときは、することができない。
An immediate appeal may be filed against the decision under Article 5, paragraph (4) or (5) with regard to the case related to the petition referred to in paragraph (1).
The court may not make a decision on the petition referred to in paragraph (1) without holding an oral argument or a hearing which both parties can attend.
裁判所は、口頭弁論又は当事者双方が立ち会うことができる審尋の期日を経なければ、第一項の申立てについての決定をすることができない。
If the petition referred to in paragraph (1) has been filed, and the court finds that any of the grounds stated in the items of the paragraph exist (for the grounds set forth in items (i) through (vi) of that paragraph, limited to the case in which the applicant has proved the existence of the grounds), it may set aside the arbitral award.
裁判所は、第一項の申立てがあった場合において、同項各号に掲げる事由のいずれかがあると認めるとき(同項第一号から第六号までに掲げる事由にあっては、申立人が当該事由の存在を証明した場合に限る。)は、仲裁判断を取り消すことができる。
If the grounds stated in paragraph (1), item (v) exist, and the part concerning the matters provided for in that item can be separated from the other parts of the arbitral award, the court may set aside only the relevant part of the arbitral award.
An immediate appeal may be filed against the decision on the petition referred to in paragraph (1).
第一項の申立てについての決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
Article 45Recognition of Arbitral Award
An arbitral award (irrespective of whether or not the place of arbitration is in Japan; hereinafter the same applies in this Chapter) has the same effect as a final and binding judgment; provided, however, that a civil enforcement based on the arbitral award requires an enforceability order under the following Article.
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if any of the following grounds exist (for the grounds stated in items (i) through (vii), limited to the case in which any of the parties has proved the existence of the grounds):
前項の規定は、次に掲げる事由のいずれかがある場合(第一号から第七号までに掲げる事由にあっては、当事者のいずれかが当該事由の存在を証明した場合に限る。)には、適用しない。
までに第四十七条第二項第一号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the arbitration agreement is not valid due to the limitation on the legal capacity of a party;
仲裁合意が、当事者の行為能力の制限により、その効力を有しないこと。
までに第四十七条第二項第二号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the arbitration agreement is not valid on grounds other than the limitation on the legal capacity of a party pursuant to the laws and regulations designated by the agreement of the parties as those which should be applied to the arbitration agreement (or if the designation has not been made, pursuant to the laws and regulations of the country to which the place of arbitration belongs);
仲裁合意が、当事者が合意により仲裁合意に適用すべきものとして指定した法令(当該指定がないときは、仲裁地が属する国の法令)によれば、当事者の行為能力の制限以外の事由により、その効力を有しないこと。
までに第四十七条第二項第三号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the party did not receive the notice that is required pursuant to the laws and regulations of the country to which the place of arbitration belongs (or if the parties have reached an agreement on the matters concerning the provisions unrelated to public order in those laws and regulations, pursuant to the agreement) in the procedure of appointing arbitrators or in the arbitration procedure;
当事者が、仲裁人の選任手続又は仲裁手続において、仲裁地が属する国の法令の規定(その法令の公の秩序に関しない規定に関する事項について当事者間に合意があるときは、当該合意)により必要とされる通知を受けなかったこと。
までに第四十七条第二項第四号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the party was unable to conduct a defense in the arbitration procedure;
当事者が、仲裁手続において防御することが不可能であったこと。
までに第四十七条第二項第五号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the arbitral award contains a decision concerning matters beyond the scope of the arbitration agreement or of a petition in the arbitration procedure;
までに第四十七条第二項第六号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the composition of the arbitral tribunal or the arbitration procedure is in violation of the laws and regulations of the country to which the place of arbitration belongs (or if the parties have reached an agreement concerning the matters concerning the provisions unrelated to public order in those laws and regulations, in violation of the agreement);
仲裁廷の構成又は仲裁手続が、仲裁地が属する国の法令の規定(その法令の公の秩序に関しない規定に関する事項について当事者間に合意があるときは、当該合意)に違反するものであったこと。
までに第四十七条第二項第七号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the arbitral award is not final and binding, or the arbitral award has been set aside or its effect has been suspended by a judicial body of that country, according to the laws and regulations of the country to which the place of arbitration belongs (or if the laws and regulations applied to the arbitration procedure are laws and regulations of a country other than the country to which the place of arbitration belongs, according to the laws and regulations of the other country);
仲裁地が属する国(仲裁手続に適用された法令が仲裁地が属する国以外の国の法令である場合にあっては、当該国)の法令によれば、仲裁判断が確定していないこと、又は仲裁判断がその国の裁判機関により取り消され、若しくは効力を停止されたこと。
までに第四十七条第二項第八号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the petition filed in the arbitration procedure is concerned with a dispute which may not be subject to an arbitration agreement pursuant to the provisions of Japanese laws and regulations; or
仲裁手続における申立てが、日本の法令によれば、仲裁合意の対象とすることができない紛争に関するものであること。
までに第四十七条第二項第九号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the content of the arbitral award is contrary to public policy in Japan.
仲裁判断の内容が、日本における公の秩序又は善良の風俗に反すること。
If the grounds stated in item (v) of the preceding paragraph exist, and the part concerning the matters provided for in that item can be separated from the other parts of the arbitral award, the relevant part and the other parts of the arbitral award are respectively deemed to be independent arbitral awards, and the provisions of the paragraph apply.
Article 46Enforceability Order of Arbitral Award
A party that intends to process a civil enforcement based on an arbitral award may file a petition with the court for an enforceability order (meaning an order allowing the civil enforcement based on an arbitral award; the same applies hereinafter), designating the obligor as the respondent.
仲裁判断に基づいて民事執行をしようとする当事者は、債務者を被申立人として、裁判所に対し、執行決定(仲裁判断に基づく民事執行を許す旨の決定をいう。以下同じ。)を求める申立てをすることができる。
In filing the petition referred to in the preceding paragraph, the party must submit a copy of the written arbitral award, a document proving that the content of the copy is the same as that of the written arbitral award, and a Japanese translation of the written arbitral award (excluding one prepared in Japanese; hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph); provided, however, that if the court finds it appropriate, after hearing the opinions of the respondent the court may decide not to require the submission of the Japanese translation of the whole or part of the written arbitral award.
前項の申立てをするときは、仲裁判断書の写し、当該写しの内容が仲裁判断書と同一であることを証明する文書及び仲裁判断書(日本語で作成されたものを除く。以下この項において同じ。)の日本語による翻訳文を提出しなければならない。ただし、裁判所は、相当と認めるときは、被申立人の意見を聴いて、仲裁判断書の全部又は一部について日本語による翻訳文を提出することを要しないものとすることができる。
If a petition for setting aside the arbitral award or suspending its effect is filed with the judicial body provided for in the preceding Article, paragraph (2), item (vii) and the court with which the petition referred to in paragraph (1) is filed finds it necessary to do so, the court may suspend the procedure related to the petition referred to in paragraph (1). In this case, the court may order the respondent to provide security, upon the petition of the person that filed the petition referred to in the paragraph.
Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 5, paragraphs (1) and (2), the case subject to the petition referred to in paragraph (1) is under the exclusive jurisdiction of the following courts:
までに第四十八条第四項第一号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the courts set forth in the items of Article 5, paragraph (1);
第五条第一項各号に掲げる裁判所
までに第四十八条第四項第二号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the district court which has jurisdiction over the location of the subject matter of the claim or the seizable property of the respondent; and
請求の目的又は差し押さえることができる被申立人の財産の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所
までに第四十八条第四項第三号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the Tokyo District Court and the Osaka District Court (limited to the cases in which the place of arbitration, the location of the general venue of the respondent, or the location of the subject matter of the claim or the seizable property of the respondent is in Japan).
東京地方裁判所及び大阪地方裁判所(仲裁地、被申立人の普通裁判籍の所在地又は請求の目的若しくは差し押さえることができる被申立人の財産の所在地が日本国内にある場合に限る。)
An immediate appeal may be filed against the decision under Article 5, paragraph (4) or (5) with regard to a case related to the petition referred to in paragraph (1).
The court is required to make an enforceability order, except the case in which it dismisses the petition referred to in paragraph (1) without prejudice pursuant to the provisions of the following paragraph or paragraph (8).
If the petition referred to in paragraph (1) has been filed, the court may dismiss the petition without prejudice only when it finds that any of the grounds stated in the items of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article exist (for the grounds stated in items (i) through (vii) of that paragraph, limited to the case in which the respondent has proved the existence of the grounds).
裁判所は、第一項の申立てがあった場合において、前条第二項各号に掲げる事由のいずれかがあると認める場合(同項第一号から第七号までに掲げる事由にあっては、被申立人が当該事由の存在を証明した場合に限る。)に限り、当該申立てを却下することができる。
The provisions of paragraph (3) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to the application of the provisions of the preceding paragraph if the grounds stated in the Article, paragraph (2), item (v) exist.
The provisions of Article 44, paragraphs (4) and (7) apply mutatis mutandis to the decision concerning the petition referred to in paragraph (1).
Article 47Enforcement Approval Order of Orders for Interim Measures
With the person that received an order for interim measures (irrespective of whether or not the place of arbitration is in Japan; hereinafter the same applies in this Chapter) as the respondent, in accordance with the categories stated in each of the following items, a person that filed a petition for the order for interim measures may file a petition with the court to issue the orders specified in those items (hereinafter referred to as "enforcement approval orders"):
暫定保全措置命令(仲裁地が日本国内にあるかどうかを問わない。以下この章において同じ。)の申立てをした者は、当該暫定保全措置命令を受けた者を被申立人として、裁判所に対し、次の各号に掲げる区分に応じ、当該各号に定める決定(以下「執行等認可決定」という。)を求める申立てをすることができる。
までに改正、第四十九条第一項第一号へ(令和五年法律第五十三号)
an order for interim measures that orders taking measures stated in Article 24, paragraph (1), item (iii):an order allowing the civil enforcement based on the order for interim measures; and
暫定保全措置命令のうち第二十四条第一項第三号に掲げる措置を講ずることを命ずるもの 当該暫定保全措置命令に基づく民事執行を許す旨の決定
までに改正、第四十九条第一項第二号へ(令和五年法律第五十三号)
an order for interim measures that orders taking measures stated in Article 24, paragraph (1), items (i), (ii), (iv) or (v):an order allowing issuance of an order for payment of money stated in Article 49, paragraph (1), if the court finds that the respondent violates or is likely to violate the order for interim measures.
When filing the petition referred to in the preceding paragraph, the party must submit a copy of the written order for interim measures, a document certifying that the content of the copy is the same as that in the written order for interim measures, and a Japanese translation of the written order for interim measures (excluding one prepared in Japanese; hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph); provided, however, that if the court finds it appropriate, after hearing the opinions of the respondent, the court may decide not to require the submission of the Japanese translation of the whole or part of the written order for interim measures.
If the court with which the petition referred to in paragraph (1) is filed has come to acknowledge that a petition for revoking, amending or suspending the order for interim measures is filed with the arbitral tribunal or judicial body (limited to the case in which the judicial body of the country to which the place of arbitration belongs has authority, according to the laws and regulations of that country (or if the laws and regulations applied to the order for interim measures are laws and regulations of a country other than the country to which the place of arbitration belongs, according to the laws and regulations of that other country)) and finds it necessary to do so, the court may suspend the procedure for the petition referred to in that paragraph. In this case, the court may order the respondent to provide security, upon the petition of the person that filed the petition referred to in that paragraph.
Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 5, paragraphs (1) and (2), the case subject to the petition referred to in paragraph (1) is under the exclusive jurisdiction of the following courts:
までに第四十九条第四項第一号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the courts stated in the items of Article 5, paragraph (1);
第五条第一項各号に掲げる裁判所
までに第四十九条第四項第二号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the district court which has jurisdiction over the location of the subject matter of the claim or the seizable property of the respondent; and
請求の目的又は差し押さえることができる被申立人の財産の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所
までに第四十九条第四項第三号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the Tokyo District Court and the Osaka District Court (limited to the case in which the place of arbitration, the location of the general venue of the respondent, or the location of the subject matter of the claim or the seizable property of the respondent is in Japan).
東京地方裁判所及び大阪地方裁判所(仲裁地、被申立人の普通裁判籍の所在地又は請求の目的若しくは差し押さえることができる被申立人の財産の所在地が日本国内にある場合に限る。)
An immediate appeal may be filed against the decision under Article 5, paragraph (4) or (5) with regard to a case related to the petition referred to in paragraph (1).
The court is required to make an enforcement approval order, except the case in which it dismisses the petition referred to in paragraph (1) without prejudice pursuant to the provisions of the following paragraph or paragraph (8).
If a petition referred to in paragraph (1) has been filed, the court may dismiss the petition without prejudice only when it finds that any of the grounds stated in the following items exist (for the grounds stated in items (i) through (viii), limited to the case in which the respondent has proved the existence of the grounds):
裁判所は、第一項の申立てがあった場合において、次の各号に掲げる事由のいずれかがあると認めるとき(第一号から第八号までに掲げる事由にあっては、被申立人が当該事由の存在を証明した場合に限る。)に限り、当該申立てを却下することができる。
までに第四十九条第七項第一号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the arbitration agreement is not valid due to the limitation on the legal capacity of a party;
仲裁合意が、当事者の行為能力の制限により、その効力を有しないこと。
までに第四十九条第七項第二号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the arbitration agreement is not valid on grounds other than the limitation on the legal capacity of a party pursuant to the laws and regulations designated by the agreement of the parties as those which should be applied to the arbitration agreement (or if the designation has not been made, pursuant to the laws and regulations of the country to which the place of arbitration belongs);
仲裁合意が、当事者が合意により仲裁合意に適用すべきものとして指定した法令(当該指定がないときは、仲裁地が属する国の法令)によれば、当事者の行為能力の制限以外の事由により、その効力を有しないこと。
までに第四十九条第七項第三号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the party did not receive the notice that is required pursuant to the laws and regulations of the country to which the place of arbitration belongs (or if the parties have reached an agreement on the matters concerning the provisions unrelated to public order in those laws and regulations, pursuant to the agreement) in the procedure of appointing arbitrators or in the arbitration procedure (limited to the part which concerns an order for interim measures; the same applies in the following item and item (vi));
までに第四十九条第七項第四号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the party was unable to conduct a defense in the arbitration procedure;
当事者が、仲裁手続において防御することが不可能であったこと。
までに第四十九条第七項第五号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the order for interim measures was issued concerning matters beyond the scope of the arbitration agreement or other agreement concerning an order for interim measures or concerning matters beyond the scope of a petition for an order for interim measures;
までに第四十九条第七項第六号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the composition of the arbitral tribunal or the arbitration procedure is in violation of the laws and regulations of the country to which the place of arbitration belongs (or if the parties have reached an agreement concerning the matters concerning the provisions unrelated to public order in those laws and regulations, in violation of the agreement);
仲裁廷の構成又は仲裁手続が、仲裁地が属する国の法令の規定(その法令の公の秩序に関しない規定に関する事項について当事者間に合意があるときは、当該合意)に違反するものであったこと。
までに第四十九条第七項第七号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
when the arbitral tribunal has ordered the party requesting an order for interim measures to provide appropriate security, and the party is in violation of the order and is not providing appropriate security;
までに第四十九条第七項第八号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the order for interim measures has been revoked, amended or suspended by the arbitral tribunal or the judicial body stated in paragraph (3);
までに第四十九条第七項第九号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the petition filed in the arbitration procedure is concerned with a dispute which may not be subject to an arbitration agreement pursuant to the provisions of Japanese laws and regulations; or
仲裁手続における申立てが、日本の法令によれば、仲裁合意の対象とすることができない紛争に関するものであること。
までに第四十九条第七項第十号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
the content of the order for interim measures is contrary to public policy in Japan.
暫定保全措置命令の内容が、日本における公の秩序又は善良の風俗に反すること。
If the grounds stated in item (v) of the preceding paragraph exist, and the part concerning the matters provided for in that item can be separated from the other parts of the order for interim measures, the relevant part and the other parts of the order for interim measures are respectively deemed to be independent orders for interim measures, and the provisions of that paragraph apply.
An enforcement approval order is not effective until it becomes final and binding.
執行等認可決定は、確定しなければその効力を生じない。
The provisions of Article 44, paragraphs (4) and (7) apply mutatis mutandis to the decision on the petition referred to in paragraph (1).
Article 48Civil Enforcement Based on an Order for Interim Measures
Civil enforcement based on an order for interim measures (limited to the orders to take measures stated in Article 24, paragraph (1), item (iii)) may be processed only when there is an enforcement approval order stated in the preceding Article.
暫定保全措置命令(第二十四条第一項第三号に掲げる措置を講ずることを命ずるものに限る。)は、前条の規定による執行等認可決定がある場合に限り、当該暫定保全措置命令に基づく民事執行をすることができる。
Article 49Order for Payment of Penalty Regarding Order for Interim Measures
When there is a final and binding enforcement approval order regarding an order for interim measures (limited to the orders to take measures stated in Article 24, paragraph (1), item (i), (ii), (iv) and (v); hereinafter the same applies in this Article) and the court finds that the person that received the order for interim measures (hereinafter referred to as a "respondent" in this Article) violates or is likely to violate it, upon the petition of the person that filed the petition for the order for interim measures (referred to as a "petitioner" in paragraph (6)), the court may order the respondent to pay to the petitioner money of a certain amount that is found to be reasonable (subject to the violation of the order for interim measures, when it finds that the respondent is likely to violate it), taking into consideration the content and nature of the interest that would be harmed by the violation of the order for interim measures and also in what manner and to what extent that interest would be harmed.
裁判所は、暫定保全措置命令(第二十四条第一項第一号、第二号、第四号又は第五号に掲げる措置を講ずることを命ずるものに限る。以下この条において同じ。)について確定した執行等認可決定がある場合において、当該暫定保全措置命令を受けた者(以下この条において「被申立人」という。)がこれに違反し、又は違反するおそれがあると認めるときは、当該暫定保全措置命令の申立てをした者(第六項において「申立人」という。)の申立てにより、当該暫定保全措置命令の違反によって害されることとなる利益の内容及び性質並びにこれが害される態様及び程度を勘案して相当と認める一定の額の金銭の支払(被申立人が暫定保全措置命令に違反するおそれがあると認める場合にあっては、被申立人が当該暫定保全措置命令に違反したことを条件とする金銭の支払)を命ずることができる。
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the court may issue an order for payment of money under the paragraph (hereinafter referred to as an "order for payment of penalty" in this Article) at the same time it issues an enforcement approval order. In this case, the order for payment of penalty is not finalized until the enforcement approval order is finalized.
Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 5, paragraphs (1) and (2), the case subject to the petition referred to in paragraph (1) is under the exclusive jurisdiction of the court that issued the enforcement approval order or the court before which the case subject to the petition referred to in Article 47, paragraph (1) (limited to the case referred to in item (ii) of that paragraph; the same applies in the following paragraph) is pending.
If the court has issued an order for payment of penalty and an enforcement approval order simultaneously pursuant to the first sentence of paragraph (2), and a judicial decision that sets aside the enforcement approval order becomes final and binding or the petition referred to in Article 47, paragraph (1) is withdrawn, it must set aside the order for payment of penalty on its own initiative.
An order for payment of penalty is not effective until it becomes final and binding.
違反金支払命令は、確定しなければその効力を生じない。
If there has been payment of money that was ordered pursuant to the order for payment of penalty, and the amount of damages that resulted from violation of the order for interim measures exceeds the amount of payment, the petitioner is not precluded from claiming compensation for damages for the amount in excess.
If the order for interim measures has been revoked, amended or suspended by the arbitral tribunal or the judicial body stated in Article 47, paragraph (3) after the order for payment of penalty was issued, upon the petition of the respondent, the court that issued the order for payment of penalty may set aside the order for payment of penalty.
The provisions of Article 47, paragraph (3) apply mutatis mutandis to the petition referred to in paragraph (1), and the provisions of Article 44, paragraphs (4) and (7) apply mutatis mutandis to the decision concerning the petition referred to in paragraph (1) and the preceding paragraph.
第九章 雑則
Chapter IX Miscellaneous Provisions
Article 50Compensation for Arbitrator
An arbitrator may receive compensation as provided by the agreement of the parties.
仲裁人は、当事者が合意により定めるところにより、報酬を受けることができる。
If an agreement referred to in the preceding paragraph has not been reached, the arbitral tribunal is to decide on the compensation for the arbitrator. In this case, the compensation must be a reasonable amount.
Article 51Prepayment of Arbitration Expenses
An arbitral tribunal may provide a reasonable period and order the parties to prepay the amount provided by the arbitral tribunal as the estimated amount of the expenses for the arbitration procedure, unless otherwise agreed by the parties.
仲裁廷は、当事者間に別段の合意がない限り、仲裁手続の費用の概算額として仲裁廷の定める金額について、相当の期間を定めて、当事者に予納を命ずることができる。
If an arbitral tribunal ordered the prepayment pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, and the prepayment has not been made, it may suspend or end the arbitral procedure, unless otherwise agreed by the parties.
Article 52Sharing of Arbitration Expenses
The sharing of expenses paid by the parties in relation to the arbitration procedure between the parties is as provided by the agreement of the parties.
当事者が仲裁手続に関して支出した費用の当事者間における分担は、当事者が合意により定めるところによる。
If an agreement referred to in the preceding paragraph has not been reached, each party is to bear the expenses they paid in relation to the arbitration procedure.
前項の合意がないときは、当事者が仲裁手続に関して支出した費用は、各自が負担する。
If the parties have reached an agreement, pursuant to the agreement, an arbitral tribunal may specify the sharing of expenses paid by the parties in relation to the arbitration procedure between the parties and the amount which one party should reimburse the other party based on said sharing, in an arbitral award or in an independent decision.
If the matters provided for in the preceding paragraph have been provided in an independent decision, the decision has the effect of an arbitral award.
The provisions of Article 39 apply mutatis mutandis to the decision referred to in the preceding paragraph.
第十章 罰則
Chapter X Penal Provisions
Article 53Acceptance of Bribes; Acceptance upon Request; Acceptance in Advance of Assumption of Office
An arbitrator who accepts, solicits, or promises to accept a bribe in connection with their duties is subject to imprisonment for not more than five years. In this case, when the arbitrator agrees to perform an act in response to a request, imprisonment for not more than seven years is imposed.
仲裁人が、その職務に関し、賄賂を収受し、又はその要求若しくは約束をしたときは、五年以下の拘禁刑に処する。この場合において、請託を受けたときは、七年以下の拘禁刑に処する。
If a person seeking to be appointed as an arbitrator has accepted a request to perform an act, and accepts, solicits or promises to accept a bribe in connection with a duty that they are to assume, and if the person is appointed as an arbitrator, that person is subject to imprisonment for not more than five years.
仲裁人になろうとする者が、その担当すべき職務に関し、請託を受けて、賄賂を収受し、又はその要求若しくは約束をしたときは、仲裁人となった場合において、五年以下の拘禁刑に処する。
Article 54Passing of Bribes to a Third Party
If an arbitrator that has accepted a request to perform an act in connection with their duties causes a bribe to be given to a third party or solicits or promises that bribe to be given to a third party, the arbitrator is subject to imprisonment for not more than five years.
仲裁人が、その職務に関し、請託を受けて、第三者に賄賂を供与させ、又はその供与の要求若しくは約束をしたときは、五年以下の拘禁刑に処する。
Article 55Aggravated Acceptance; Acceptance after Resignation of Office
If an arbitrator commits a crime referred to in the preceding two Articles and consequently acts illegally or refrains from acting in the exercise of their duty, the arbitrator is subject to imprisonment for a definite term of not less than one year.
仲裁人が前二条の罪を犯し、よって不正な行為をし、又は相当の行為をしなかったときは、一年以上の有期拘禁刑に処する。
The provisions of the preceding paragraph also apply if an arbitrator accepts, solicits or promises to accept a bribe, or causes a bribe to be given to a third party or solicits or promises a bribe to be given to a third party, in connection with having acted illegally or having refrained from acting in the exercise of their duty.
仲裁人が、その職務上不正な行為をしたこと又は相当の行為をしなかったことに関し、賄賂を収受し、若しくはその要求若しくは約束をし、又は第三者にこれを供与させ、若しくはその供与の要求若しくは約束をしたときも、前項と同様とする。
If a person who was an arbitrator accepts, solicits or promises to accept a bribe in connection with having acted illegally or having refrained from acting in the exercise of their duties in response to a request while in office, the person is subject to imprisonment for not more than five years.
仲裁人であった者が、その在職中に請託を受けて職務上不正な行為をしたこと又は相当の行為をしなかったことに関し、賄賂を収受し、又はその要求若しくは約束をしたときは、五年以下の拘禁刑に処する。
Article 56Confiscation and Collection of a Sum of Equivalent Value
A bribe accepted by an offender or by a third party who knows the circumstances is to be confiscated. When the whole or a part of the bribe cannot be confiscated, the value of that bribe is to be collected.
犯人又は情を知った第三者が収受した賄賂は、没収する。その全部又は一部を没収することができないときは、その価額を追徴する。
Article 57Offer of Bribes
A person who gives, offers or promises to give a bribe provided for in Articles 53 through 55 is subject to imprisonment for not more than three years or a fine of not more than 2,500,000 yen.
第五十三条から第五十五条までに規定する賄賂を供与し、又はその申込み若しくは約束をした者は、三年以下の拘禁刑又は二百五十万円以下の罰金に処する。
Article 58Crimes Committed outside Japan
The provisions of Articles 53 through 56 apply to a person who has committed the crimes provided for in Articles 53 through 55 outside Japan.
第五十三条から第五十六条までの規定は、日本国外において第五十三条から第五十五条までの罪を犯した者にも適用する。
The crimes under the preceding Article are governed by the provisions of Article 2 of the Penal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907).
前条の罪は、刑法(明治四十年法律第四十五号)第二条の例に従う。
略称規定第二条第一項
…既に生じた民事上の紛争又は将来において生ずる一定の法律関係(契約に基づくものであるかどうかを問わない。)に関する民事上の紛争の全部又は一部の解決を一人又は二人以上の仲裁人にゆだね、かつ、その判断(以下「仲裁判断」という。)に服する旨の合…
わかりやすく言うと
当事者から解決を任された民事上の紛争について、仲裁人が下す判断のことです。仲裁合意をした当事者は、この判断に従うことを約束しています。
定義第二条第一項・法令全体に適用
既に生じた民事上の紛争又は将来において生ずる一定の法律関係(契約に基づくものであるかどうかを問わない。)に関する民事上の紛争の全部又は一部の解決を一人又は二人以上の仲裁人にゆだね、かつ、その判断(以下「仲裁判断」という。)に服する旨の合意
わかりやすく言うと
すでに起きた民事上の紛争や、将来ある法律関係(契約によるものかどうかを問いません)から起きる民事上の紛争の全部又は一部の解決を一人以上の仲裁人に任せ、その判断に従うという合意のことです。
定義第二条第二項・法令全体に適用
仲裁合意に基づき、その対象となる民事上の紛争について審理し、仲裁判断を行う一人の仲裁人又は二人以上の仲裁人の合議体
定義第九条の四第一項・この規定及び第九条の四第二項及び第四項の中だけ
書面、書類、文書、謄本、抄本、正本、副本、複本その他文字、図形等人の知覚によって認識することができる情報が記載された紙その他の有体物
略称規定第九条の四第一項・この条の中だけ
この法律の規定により裁判所が行う手続における申立てその他の申述(以下この条において「申立て等」という。)のうち、当該申立て等に関するこの法律その他の法令の規定により書面等(書面、書類、文書、謄本、抄本、正本、副本、複本その他文字、図形等人…
わかりやすく言うと
この法律により裁判所が行う手続での、申立てその他の申述のことです。
定義第十三条第四項・この規定及び第十三条第六項の中だけ
電子的方式、磁気的方式その他人の知覚によっては認識することができない方式で作られる記録であって、電子計算機による情報処理の用に供されるもの
略称規定第二十四条第三項
仲裁廷は、第一項各号に掲げる措置を講ずることを命ずる命令(以下「暫定保全措置命令」という。)を発するに際し、必要があると認めるときは、相当な担保を提供すべきことを命ずることができる。
わかりやすく言うと
仲裁判断があるまでの間、仲裁廷が当事者の一方の申立てにより他方に対し、財産の処分の禁止、損害の防止や原状回復、審理の妨害や証拠の廃棄の禁止などの措置を命じる命令です。当事者間に別段の合意があれば出せません(第二十四条第一項)。
略称規定第二十四条第七項・この規定及び第二十四条第八項の中だけ
暫定保全措置命令の申立てをした者(次項において「申立人」という。)が前項の規定による命令に従わないときは、第四項の規定の適用については、同項の事情の変更があったものとみなす。
わかりやすく言うと
仲裁廷に暫定保全措置命令を求める申立てをした人のことです。
略称規定第四十七条第一項
暫定保全措置命令(仲裁地が日本国内にあるかどうかを問わない。以下この章において同じ。)の申立てをした者は、当該暫定保全措置命令を受けた者を被申立人として、裁判所に対し、次の各号に掲げる区分に応じ、当該各号に定める決定(以下「執行等認可決定…
わかりやすく言うと
仲裁廷の暫定保全措置命令について裁判所がする決定です。損害の防止や原状回復などを命じるものにはそれに基づく民事執行を許し、財産の処分や証拠の廃棄の禁止などを命じるものには、違反し又は違反のおそれがあるときに金銭の支払を命じることを許します(第四十九条)。
略称規定第四十九条第一項・この規定及び第四十九条第六項の中だけ
…当該暫定保全措置命令を受けた者(以下この条において「被申立人」という。)がこれに違反し、又は違反するおそれがあると認めるときは、当該暫定保全措置命令の申立てをした者(第六項において「申立人」という。)の申立てにより…
わかりやすく言うと
仲裁廷に暫定保全措置命令を求める申立てをした人のことです。
略称規定第四十九条第一項・この条の中だけ
…当該暫定保全措置命令を受けた者(以下この条において「被申立人」という。)がこれに違反し、又は違反するおそれがあると認めるときは、当該暫定保全措置命令の申立てをした者(第六項において「申立人」という。)の申立てにより…
わかりやすく言うと
暫定保全措置命令のうち、財産の処分の禁止や、審理の妨害又は証拠の廃棄の禁止などを命じるものを受けた人のことです。
略称規定第四十九条第二項・この条の中だけ
裁判所は、前項の規定にかかわらず、同項の規定による金銭の支払命令(以下この条において「違反金支払命令」という。)を、執行等認可決定と同時にすることができる。
わかりやすく言うと
第二十四条第一項第一号、第二号、第四号又は第五号の措置を命じる暫定保全措置命令に違反し、又は違反のおそれがあるときに、命令を求めた人の申立てで裁判所が命じる金銭の支払命令です(おそれのときは違反を条件とします)。確定した執行等認可決定が必要ですが、同時にも出せ、その場合は決定の確定まで確定しません。
拘禁刑
刑事施設に拘置する刑です。無期と有期があり、有期は一月以上二十年以下です(刑法第十二条第一項・第二項)。刑を加重するときは三十年まで上げ、減軽するときは一月未満に下げることができます(同法第十四条第二項)。改善更生を図るため、必要な作業を行わせ、又は必要な指導を行うことができます(同法第十二条第三項)。主刑の中では死刑の次に重く、罰金より重い刑です(同法第九条・第十条第一項)。刑法等の一部を改正する法律(令和四年法律第六十七号)の施行により、懲役と禁錮に代わって設けられました(同法第二条)。懲役又は禁錮に処せられた人は、人の資格に関する法令の適用については、刑期を同じくする拘禁刑に処せられた人とみなされます(令和四年法律第六十八号第四百四十三条第一項)。
刑法第9条・第10条・第12条・第14条、令和4年法律第67号第2条、令和4年法律第68号第443条を参考にAIが作成。
口頭弁論
民事の訴訟などの裁判所の手続で、当事者が裁判所に対し、口頭で自分の言い分を述べる手続です。当事者は、特別の定めがある場合を除き、訴訟について、裁判所で口頭弁論をしなければなりません。ただし、決定で終わるべき事件では、口頭弁論をするかどうかは裁判所が決めます(民事訴訟法第八十七条第一項・第三項)。たとえば、不適法でその不備を補正することができない訴えは、口頭弁論を経ないで却下されることがあります(同法第百四十条)。口頭弁論は裁判長が指揮し(同法第百四十八条第一項)、原則として準備書面という書面で準備しなければなりませんが、簡易裁判所ではその必要はありません(同法第百六十一条第一項・第二百七十六条第一項)。裁判所は、相当と認めるときは、当事者の意見を聴いて、映像と音声のやり取りによる方法で口頭弁論の期日の手続を行うことができ、その方法で手続に加わった当事者は、出頭したものとみなされます(同法第八十七条の二第一項・第三項)。原告又は被告が最初の口頭弁論の期日に出頭しないとき、又は出頭しても本案の弁論をしないときは、裁判所は、その人が出した訴状や答弁書などの準備書面に書いたことを述べたものとみなして、出頭した相手方に弁論をさせることができます(同法第百五十八条)。相手方の主張した事実を争うことを明らかにしない当事者は、弁論の全体からみて争ったと認められるときを除き、その事実を自白したものとみなされます(同法第百五十九条第一項)。期日に出頭しない当事者も同じですが、公示送達で呼び出された人は除かれます(同条第三項)。当事者の双方が期日に出頭せず、又は弁論をしないで退廷した場合に、一か月以内に期日を指定するよう申し立てないときや、それが連続して二回あったときは、訴えを取り下げたものとみなされます(同法第二百六十三条)。判決は、その基本となる口頭弁論に関与した裁判官がし(同法第二百四十九条第一項)、原則として口頭弁論の終結の日から二か月以内に言い渡されます(同法第二百五十一条第一項)。裁判所書記官は期日ごとに電子調書を作り(同法第百六十条第一項)、口頭弁論の公開の規定に違反したことは上告の理由になります(同法第三百十二条第二項第五号)。
民事訴訟法第87条・第87条の2・第140条・第148条・第158条〜第161条・第249条・第251条・第263条・第276条・第312条を参考にAIが作成。
公の秩序又は善良の風俗
社会の公の秩序と善良な風俗のことで、法の適用に関する通則法第四十二条の見出しは「公序」と呼んでいます。これに反するものには法的な効力が認められません。公の秩序又は善良の風俗に反する契約などの法律行為は無効であり(民法第九十条)、慣習は、これに反しないもので、法令の規定により認められたもの又は法令に規定されていない事項に関するものに限り、法律と同一の効力を持ち(法の適用に関する通則法第三条)、同法により外国法によるべき場合でも、その規定を適用することがこれに反するときは、その規定は適用されません(同法第四十二条)。
民法第90条、法の適用に関する通則法第3条・第42条を参考にAIが作成。
取消し
取り消すことができるとされた法律行為(契約の申込みや承諾の意思表示など)を、さかのぼってなかったものにすることです。重要な錯誤による意思表示(行為の基礎とした事情についての錯誤は、その事情が基礎とされていることが表示されていたときに限り取り消すことができ、自分の重大な過失による錯誤のときは原則としてできません。民法第九十五条)、詐欺・強迫による意思表示(第三者が詐欺を行ったときは、相手方がそれを知り、又は知ることができたときに限ります。同法第九十六条)、未成年者が法定代理人の同意を得ずにした法律行為(同法第五条第二項)などが取り消すことができるものです。取り消された行為は、初めから無効であったものとみなされます(同法第百二十一条)。取り消すことができるのは、その意思表示をした者やその代理人、承継人、同意をすることができる者に限られます(同法第百二十条)。取消権は、追認をすることができる時、つまり錯誤や詐欺などの状況がなくなり、取り消せることを知った時から五年、行為の時から二十年を過ぎると、時効によって消滅します(同法第百二十四条・第百二十六条)。追認をすれば、それ以後は取り消すことができず、追認をすることができる時以後に、異議をとどめずに履行をしたり履行を請求したりすると、追認をしたものとみなされます(同法第百二十二条・第百二十五条)。消費者契約法は、事業者が勧誘の際に重要事項について事実と異なることを告げ、消費者がそれを事実と誤認して契約した場合など、独自の取消しを定め(消費者契約法第四条第一項第一号)、その多くについて、追認をすることができる時から一年、契約の締結の時から五年という短い期間を定めています(同法第七条第一項)。
民法第5条・第95条・第96条・第120条・第121条・第122条・第124条・第125条・第126条、消費者契約法第4条・第7条を参考にAIが作成。
送達
訴訟などの裁判所の手続で、書類などを、法律で決められた手続で、受け取るべき人に届けることです。送達は、特別の定めがある場合を除き、裁判所が職権でし、その事務は裁判所書記官が扱います(民事訴訟法第九十八条)。送達をした人は、送達に関する事項を書いた書面を裁判所に出します(同法第百条第一項)。たとえば、訴状は被告に(同法第百三十八条第一項)、判決は当事者に送達しなければなりません(同法第二百五十五条第一項)。書類の送達は、郵便又は執行官によってし(同法第百一条第一項)、原則として、送達を受けるべき人に書類を渡して行います(同法第百二条の二)。場所は、その人の住所、居所、営業所又は事務所で、それが分からないときや、そこでの送達に支障があるときは、勤め先でもすることができます(同法第百三条)。当事者、法定代理人、訴訟代理人は、送達を受ける日本国内の場所を裁判所に届け出なければなりません(同法第百四条第一項)。外国でする送達は、裁判長が、その国の官庁や、その国にいる日本の大使、公使又は領事に頼んでします(同法第百八条)。勤め先以外の場所で本人に会えないときは、使用人や同居している人で、書類を受け取る分別のある人に渡すことができ、正当な理由なく受け取りを拒まれたときは、その場所に書類を置いてくることができます(同法第百六条第一項・第三項)。これらの方法で送達できないときは、裁判所書記官が書留郵便などで発送することができ、発送した時に送達があったものとみなされます(同法第百七条第一項・第三項)。電磁的記録は、裁判所の電子情報処理組織(オンラインの仕組み)による送達を受けると届け出た人に、見られるようにした上で通知する方法でも送達することができ(同法第百九条の二第一項)、本人が見た時、自分の電子計算機に記録した時、又は通知が発せられてから一週間が過ぎた時のうち、最も早い時に効力を生じます(同法第百九条の三第一項)。オンラインで申立てなどをしなければならない訴訟代理人などには、届出がなくても、通知をしないでこの方法で送達することができ、この場合の一週間は、見られるようにした時から数えます(同法第百九条の四・第百三十二条の十一第一項)。当事者の住所など送達をすべき場所が分からないときなどは、裁判所書記官は、申立てにより、又は裁判所の命令により、公示送達をすることができ、同じ当事者への二回目以降の公示送達は、原則として職権でします(同法第百十条第一項〜第三項)。公示送達では、裁判所書記官が書類を保管し、いつでも渡すことを、最高裁判所規則で定める方法で誰でも見られるようにするとともに、裁判所の掲示場に掲示するか、裁判所に置いた電子計算機の画面で見られるようにします(同法第百十一条)。公示送達は、それを始めた日から二週間(外国でするべき送達では六週間)が過ぎると効力を生じます。ただし、職権でする二回目以降の公示送達は、始めた日の翌日に効力を生じます(同法第百十二条第一項・第二項)。送達から数える期間もあり、たとえば控訴は、判決の送達を受けた日から二週間以内にしなければなりません(同法第二百八十五条)。
民事訴訟法第98条・第100条〜第104条・第106条〜第112条・第132条の11・第138条・第255条・第285条を参考にAIが作成。
最高裁判所
司法権の属する最高の裁判所で、一切の法律・命令・規則・処分が憲法に適合するかしないかを決定する終審裁判所です(第七十六条第一項・第八十一条)。憲法に違反する法令等は効力を有しないとされ(第九十八条第一項)、これを判断する権限が憲法を実効あらしめています。裁判官は任命後初の衆議院議員総選挙の際、その後十年を経過した後初めての総選挙の際に国民の審査に付されます(第七十九条第二項)。
日本国憲法第76条・第79条・第81条・第98条、Wikipedia「最高裁判所」を参考にAIが作成。
無効
初めから法律上の効力がないことです。無効な行為は、追認しても効力を生じず、無効であることを知って追認したときは新たな行為をしたものとみなされます(民法第百十九条)。公の秩序又は善良の風俗に反する法律行為は無効です(同法第九十条)。また、一方を守るための法律の中には、その保護を失わせる定めを無効とするものがあります。借地権の存続期間や更新についての借地借家法の定めに反する特約で借地人に不利なもの(借地借家法第九条)、事業者の債務不履行により消費者に生じた損害を賠償する責任の全部を免除する消費者契約の条項(消費者契約法第八条第一項第一号)、労働基準法で定める基準に達しない労働条件を定める労働契約の部分(労働基準法第十三条。無効となった部分は同法の基準によります)がその例です。
民法第90条・第119条、借地借家法第9条、消費者契約法第8条、労働基準法第13条を参考にAIが作成。