第四章 仲裁廷の特別の権限
Chapter IV Special Authority of Arbitral Tribunal
Article 23Competence of Arbitral Tribunal to Rule on Its Jurisdiction
An arbitral tribunal may rule on its own jurisdiction (meaning the authority to carry out proceedings in an arbitration procedure and to make an arbitral award; hereinafter the same applies in this Article), including a ruling on any allegations on the existence or validity of an arbitration agreement.
In an arbitration procedure, an allegation that an arbitral tribunal does not have jurisdiction must be made promptly after the occurrence of the cause for the allegation if the cause has occurred during the course of the arbitration procedure, or, in any other case, an allegation must be made by the time of submission of the first written allegation on the merits (including the time of orally making the first allegation on the merits in oral hearings); provided, however, that this does not apply when the arbitral tribunal finds justifiable grounds for a delay in making an allegation that the arbitral tribunal does not have jurisdiction.
A party may make the allegation referred to in the preceding paragraph even if the party has appointed an arbitrator, or has made a recommendation for an arbitrator or otherwise similarly participated in the appointment of an arbitrator.
当事者は、仲裁人を選任し、又は仲裁人の選任について推薦その他これに類する関与をした場合であっても、前項の主張をすることができる。
If the allegation referred to in paragraph (2) has been made lawfully, an arbitral tribunal must rule on the allegation by the decision or arbitral award provided for in the following items for each category of ruling set forth in those items:
までに第二十五条第四項第一号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
when ruling that the arbitral tribunal has jurisdiction:by an independent decision made before an arbitral award or by an arbitral award; and
までに第二十五条第四項第二号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
when ruling that the arbitral tribunal does not have jurisdiction:by a decision to end the arbitration procedure.
自己が仲裁権限を有しない旨の判断を示す場合 仲裁手続の終了決定
If an arbitral tribunal has ruled that it has jurisdiction in its independent decision made before an arbitral award, a party may petition a court to rule on whether the arbitral tribunal has jurisdiction within 30 days of receipt of notice of the decision. In this case, even if a case related to said petition is pending in the court, the arbitral tribunal may continue the arbitration procedure and make an arbitral award.
Article 24Interim Measures
Until an arbitral award is made, unless otherwise agreed by the parties, upon the petition of a party, an arbitral tribunal may order the other party to take the following measures:
までに第二十六条第一項第一号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
to prohibit the disposal of or any other change to property necessary for the payment of money, when it is likely that an enforcement regarding a claim for payment of money will not be possible, or it is likely that significant difficulties will arise in implementing enforcement;
金銭の支払を目的とする債権について、強制執行をすることができなくなるおそれがあるとき、又は強制執行をするのに著しい困難を生ずるおそれがあるときに、当該金銭の支払をするために必要な財産の処分その他の変更を禁止すること。
までに第二十六条第一項第二号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
to prohibit the disposal of or any other change to any property which is the subject of a claim to seek provision of property benefits, when it is likely that the exercise of the right regarding the claim to seek provision of property benefits (excluding payment of money) will not be possible or will be extremely difficult;
財産上の給付(金銭の支払を除く。)を求める権利について、当該権利を実行することができなくなるおそれがあるとき、又は当該権利を実行するのに著しい困難を生ずるおそれがあるときに、当該給付の目的である財産の処分その他の変更を禁止すること。
までに第二十六条第一項第三号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
to prevent any substantial loss or imminent danger from arising that would occur to the party that filed the petition with regard to the property or relationship of rights which is the subject matter of the dispute, take necessary prevention measures, or restore the status quo of the property or relationship of rights if it has been changed, in order to avoid the loss or danger in question;
紛争の対象となる物又は権利関係について、申立てをした当事者に生ずる著しい損害又は急迫の危険を避けるため、当該損害若しくは当該危険の発生を防止し、若しくはその防止に必要な措置をとり、又は変更が生じた当該物若しくは権利関係について変更前の原状の回復をすること。
までに第二十六条第一項第四号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
to prohibit actions that cause harm or prejudice to the proceedings in the arbitration procedure (excluding the actions stated in the following item); or
仲裁手続における審理を妨げる行為を禁止すること(次号に掲げるものを除く。)。
までに第二十六条第一項第五号へ移動(令和五年法律第五十三号)
to prohibit actions such as disposing, erasing or altering evidence necessary for the proceedings in the arbitration procedure.
仲裁手続の審理のために必要な証拠について、その廃棄、消去又は改変その他の行為を禁止すること。
When filing a petition referred to in the preceding paragraph (excluding item (v) of that paragraph), a party must make a prima facie showing of the rights or relationship of rights that must be preserved and the fact constituting the grounds for the petition.
In issuing an order to take measures stated in the items in paragraph (1) (hereinafter referred to as "order for interim measures"), if it finds it necessary, the arbitral tribunal may order the provision of appropriate security.
If it is found that the grounds of the rights or relationship of rights that must be preserved or the grounds for the petition referred to in paragraph (1) do not exist or cease to exist or if there has been any other change in circumstances, upon petition, the arbitral tribunal may revoke, amend or suspend the order for interim measures.
Beyond the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the arbitral tribunal finds that there are special circumstances, the arbitral tribunal may revoke, amend or suspend the order for interim measures on its own initiative, after notifying the parties to that effect.
When it considers that there has been a change in circumstances referred to in paragraph (4), the arbitral tribunal may order the parties to promptly disclose whether there has been a change in circumstances and, if so, the content of the change in circumstances.
If a party that filed a petition for an order for interim measures (referred to as a "petitioner" in the following paragraph) does not comply with the order under the preceding paragraph, for the purpose of application of the provisions in paragraph (4), a change in circumstances stated in that paragraph is deemed to have taken place.
When the arbitral tribunal revokes, amends or suspends an order for interim measures pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (4) or (5), and it finds that the order for interim measures was issued due to grounds attributable to the petitioner, upon petition by the person who received the order for interim measures, it may order the petitioner to compensate for any damage that the person who received the order for interim measures has consequently suffered; provided, however, that this does not apply if the parties have agreed otherwise.
The order under the preceding paragraph has the effect of an arbitral award.
The provisions of Article 39 apply mutatis mutandis to the order under paragraph (8), and the provisions of paragraphs (1) and (3) of that Article apply mutatis mutandis to the order for interim measures and other orders (excluding the order under paragraph (8)) or decisions under this Article.
略称規定第二条第一項
…既に生じた民事上の紛争又は将来において生ずる一定の法律関係(契約に基づくものであるかどうかを問わない。)に関する民事上の紛争の全部又は一部の解決を一人又は二人以上の仲裁人にゆだね、かつ、その判断(以下「仲裁判断」という。)に服する旨の合…
わかりやすく言うと
当事者から解決を任された民事上の紛争について、仲裁人が下す判断のことです。仲裁合意をした当事者は、この判断に従うことを約束しています。
定義第二条第一項・法令全体に適用
既に生じた民事上の紛争又は将来において生ずる一定の法律関係(契約に基づくものであるかどうかを問わない。)に関する民事上の紛争の全部又は一部の解決を一人又は二人以上の仲裁人にゆだね、かつ、その判断(以下「仲裁判断」という。)に服する旨の合意
わかりやすく言うと
すでに起きた民事上の紛争や、将来ある法律関係(契約によるものかどうかを問いません)から起きる民事上の紛争の全部又は一部の解決を一人以上の仲裁人に任せ、その判断に従うという合意のことです。
定義第二条第二項・法令全体に適用
仲裁合意に基づき、その対象となる民事上の紛争について審理し、仲裁判断を行う一人の仲裁人又は二人以上の仲裁人の合議体
略称規定第二十四条第三項
仲裁廷は、第一項各号に掲げる措置を講ずることを命ずる命令(以下「暫定保全措置命令」という。)を発するに際し、必要があると認めるときは、相当な担保を提供すべきことを命ずることができる。
わかりやすく言うと
仲裁判断があるまでの間、仲裁廷が当事者の一方の申立てにより他方に対し、財産の処分の禁止、損害の防止や原状回復、審理の妨害や証拠の廃棄の禁止などの措置を命じる命令です。当事者間に別段の合意があれば出せません(第二十四条第一項)。
略称規定第二十四条第七項・この規定及び第二十四条第八項の中だけ
暫定保全措置命令の申立てをした者(次項において「申立人」という。)が前項の規定による命令に従わないときは、第四項の規定の適用については、同項の事情の変更があったものとみなす。
わかりやすく言うと
仲裁廷に暫定保全措置命令を求める申立てをした人のことです。