Subsection 1 Financial Instruments Membership Corporations
第一款 金融商品会員制法人
Division 1 Incorporation
第一目 設立
第八十八条(法人格)
A financial instruments membership corporation is to be a corporation.
金融商品会員制法人は、法人とする。
A financial instruments membership corporation must use the Japanese characters 会員制法人 (pronounced "kaiinsei hojin", meaning "membership corporation ") in its name.
金融商品会員制法人は、その名称のうちに会員制法人という文字を用いなければならない。
A person that is not a financial instruments membership corporation must not use a term in its name which could give rise to the misconception that it is a financial instruments membership corporation.
金融商品会員制法人でない者は、その名称のうちに金融商品会員制法人であると誤認されるおそれのある文字を用いてはならない。
第八十八条の二(発起人)
It is prohibited for a person other than a financial instruments business operator, etc. to incorporate a financial instruments membership corporation.
For a financial instruments membership corporation to be incorporated, the financial instruments business operators, etc. that seek to become its members must become the founders.
Article 88-3Articles of Incorporation
第八十八条の三(定款)
In order for a financial instruments membership corporation to be incorporated, the founders must prepare articles of incorporation, and all founders must sign or have their names and seals affixed thereto.
金融商品会員制法人を設立するには、発起人が定款を作成し、その全員が署名し、又は記名押印しなければならない。
The following particulars must be stated or recorded in the articles of incorporation of a financial instruments membership corporation:
金融商品会員制法人の定款には、次に掲げる事項を記載し、又は記録しなければならない。
its purpose;
目的
its name;
名称
the location of its offices;
事務所の所在地
the particulars of funds and contribution;
基本金及び出資に関する事項
the particulars of its members, etc.;
会員等に関する事項
the particulars of investigations into members', etc. compliance with laws and regulations, dispositions by government agencies which are based on laws and regulations, the articles of incorporation and other rules, and the principle of good faith in their transactions;
会員等の法令、法令に基づく行政官庁の処分若しくは定款その他の規則又は取引の信義則の遵守の状況の調査に関する事項
the particulars of its guarantee funds;
信認金に関する事項
the particulars of its allocation of costs;
経費の分担に関する事項
the particulars of its meetings;
会議に関する事項
the particulars of the execution of business;
業務の執行に関する事項
the particulars of the preparation of rules;
規則の作成に関する事項
the particulars of the financial instruments exchange markets;
取引所金融商品市場に関する事項
the particulars of its accounting; and
会計に関する事項
the means of public notice (meaning the means by which the financial instruments membership corporation makes its public notices (excluding public notices that, pursuant to the provisions of this Act, must be made by means of publication in the Official Gazette); the same applies in Article 89-2, paragraph (2), item (ix)).
公告方法(金融商品会員制法人が公告(この法律の規定により官報に掲載する方法によりしなければならないものとされているものを除く。)をする方法をいう。第八十九条の二第二項第九号において同じ。)
The provisions of Article 26, paragraph (2) and Article 30, paragraph (1) of the Companies Act apply mutatis mutandis to the articles of incorporation provided for in paragraph (1). In such a case, the term "Ministry of Justice Order" in Article 26, paragraph (2) of that Act is deemed to be replaced with "Cabinet Office Order".
会社法第二十六条第二項及び第三十条第一項の規定は、第一項の定款について準用する。この場合において、同法第二十六条第二項中「法務省令」とあるのは、「内閣府令」と読み替えるものとする。
Article 88-4Organizational Meetings
第八十八条の四(創立総会)
After preparing the articles of incorporation, the founders must solicit persons seeking to become members, and hold an organizational meeting, giving public notice of those articles of incorporation, together with the date, time, and place of the meeting, by two weeks prior to the day of the meeting.
発起人は、定款を作成した後、会員になろうとする者を募り、これを会議の日時及び場所とともにその会議開催日の二週間前までに公告して、創立総会を開かなければならない。
A person planning to become a member of a financial instruments membership corporation whose incorporation is planned (hereinafter referred to as the "expected member" in this Article, the following Article and Article 88-6) must pay the full amount of the contribution before the opening of the organizational meeting.
Approval of the articles of incorporation and decisions about particulars that are necessary for incorporation must be decided by a resolution of the organizational meeting.
定款の承認その他設立に必要な事項の決定は、創立総会の議決によらなければならない。
The articles of incorporation may be revised at an organizational meeting.
創立総会では、定款を修正することができる。
The items of organizational meeting business that are referred to in paragraph (3) are decided with at least a two-thirds majority of the votes of the attendees, at a meeting where at least half of the expected members that have paid the full amount of the contribution by the opening of that meeting, are present.
An expected member that does not pay the full amount of the contribution by the time of the establishment of a financial instruments membership corporation is deemed to have rescinded its application for membership at the time of the establishment of the financial instruments membership corporation.
Article 88-5Voting Rights of Expected Members
第八十八条の五(加入予定者の議決権)
At an organizational meeting, each of the expected members holds an equal voting right.
An expected member that is not present at an organizational meeting may vote in writing or by proxy.
創立総会に出席しない加入予定者は、書面で、又は代理人によつて議決をすることができる。
An expected member may, in lieu of voting in writing based on the provisions of the preceding paragraph, vote by electronic or magnetic means (meaning by means of using an electronic data processing system or by any other means using information and communications technology that Cabinet Office Order specifies; the same applies hereinafter), pursuant the provisions of the articles of incorporation.
The provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2) do not apply if it is otherwise provided for in the articles of incorporation.
Article 88-6When an Expected Member Has No Voting Right
第八十八条の六(議決権のない場合)
If an organizational meeting resolution concerns the relationship between a financial instruments membership corporation and a specific expected member, that expected member has no voting right.
Article 88-7The Handing Over of Administrative Affairs to the President
第八十八条の七(理事長への事務引継)
The founders must hand over administrative affairs to the person who is to become the president after the completion of its organizational meeting without delay.
発起人は、創立総会の終了後遅滞なく、その事務を理事長となる者に引き継がなければならない。
Article 88-8Changing the Articles of Incorporation
第八十八条の八(定款の変更)
The articles of incorporation may be changed only with the consent of at least three-fourths of all members; provided, however, that this does not apply if it is otherwise provided for in the articles of incorporation.
定款は、総会員の四分の三以上の同意があるときに限り、変更することができる。ただし、定款に別段の定めがあるときは、この限りでない。
Article 88-9Capacity in Respect of Tortious Acts
第八十八条の九(不法行為能力等)
A financial instruments membership corporation is liable to compensate for any damage that its president or board members cause another person in the performance of their duties.
金融商品会員制法人は、理事長又は理事がその職務を行うについて他人に加えた損害を賠償する責任を負う。
第八十八条の十(住所)
The address of a financial instruments membership corporation is the address at which its principal office is located.
金融商品会員制法人の住所は、その主たる事務所の所在地にあるものとする。
Article 88-11Inventory of Property and Membership List
第八十八条の十一(財産目録及び会員名簿)
A financial instruments membership corporation must prepare an inventory of property at the time of incorporation and at any time between January and March of every year, and must keep this at its principal office at all times; provided, however, that a financial instruments membership corporation that has adopted any specific business year must prepare the inventory of property at the time of its incorporation and at the end of every business year.
金融商品会員制法人は、設立の時及び毎年一月から三月までの間に財産目録を作成し、常にこれをその主たる事務所に備え置かなければならない。ただし、特に事業年度を設けるものは、設立の時及び毎事業年度の終了の時に財産目録を作成しなければならない。
A financial instruments membership corporation must keep a membership list and make the necessary changes when there is a change in the members.
金融商品会員制法人は、会員名簿を備え置き、会員の変更があるごとに必要な変更を加えなければならない。
Article 88-12Restrictions on Board Members' Authority of Representation
第八十八条の十二(理事の代表権の制限)
Restrictions on the president's or a board member's authority of representation may not be asserted against a third party without knowledge of such limitations.
理事長又は理事の代表権に加えた制限は、善意の第三者に対抗することができない。
Article 88-13Acts in Conflict of Interest
第八十八条の十三(利益相反行為)
The president and board members have no authority of representation with regard to a matter that constitutes a conflict of interest between the financial instruments membership corporation and the president or board member. In such a case, the court must appoint a special agent, at the request of an interested party or the public prosecutor.
金融商品会員制法人と理事長又は理事との利益が相反する事項については、当該理事長又は当該理事は、代表権を有しない。この場合においては、裁判所は、利害関係人又は検察官の請求により、特別代理人を選任しなければならない。
Article 88-14Ordinary General Meetings
第八十八条の十四(通常総会)
The board members of a financial instruments membership corporation must hold an ordinary general meeting of members at least once a year.
金融商品会員制法人の理事は、少なくとも毎年一回、会員の通常総会を開かなければならない。
Article 88-15Extraordinary General Meetings
第八十八条の十五(臨時総会)
The board members of a financial instruments membership corporation may call an extraordinary general meeting when they find this to be necessary.
金融商品会員制法人の理事は、必要があると認めるときは、いつでも臨時総会を招集することができる。
If at least one-fifth of all members specify the purpose of a general meeting and demand that one be called, the board members must call an extraordinary general meeting; provided, however, that a proportion other than one-fifth of the members may be stipulated in the articles of incorporation.
総会員の五分の一以上から会議の目的である事項を示して請求があつたときは、理事は、臨時総会を招集しなければならない。ただし、総会員の五分の一の割合については、定款でこれと異なる割合を定めることができる。
Article 88-16Convocation of a General Meeting
第八十八条の十六(総会の招集)
A convocation notice for a general meeting must specify the purpose of the general meeting, and must be issued as specified by the articles of incorporation at least five days prior to the day of the meeting.
総会の招集の通知は、会日より少なくとも五日前に、その会議の目的である事項を示し、定款で定めた方法に従つてしなければならない。
Article 88-17Execution of Administrative Affairs
第八十八条の十七(事務の執行)
All administrative affairs of a financial instruments membership corporation are carried out based on general meeting resolutions, except those delegated to the board members or other officers by the articles of incorporation.
Article 88-18Matters for a General Meeting Resolution
第八十八条の十八(総会の決議事項)
At a general meeting, only matters of which advance notice is given pursuant to the provisions of Article 88-16 may be put to a resolution; provided, however, that this does not apply if it is otherwise provided for in the articles of incorporation.
総会においては、第八十八条の十六の規定によりあらかじめ通知をした事項についてのみ、決議をすることができる。ただし、定款に別段の定めがあるときは、この限りでない。
Article 88-19Voting Rights of Members
第八十八条の十九(会員の議決権)
Each member holds an equal voting right.
各会員の議決権は、平等とする。
A member that is not present at a general meeting may vote in writing or by proxy.
総会に出席しない会員は、書面で、又は代理人によつて議決をすることができる。
A member may, in lieu of voting in writing based on the provisions of the preceding paragraph, vote by electronic or magnetic means pursuant to the provisions of the articles of incorporation.
The provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2) do not apply if it is otherwise provided for in the articles of incorporation.
Article 88-20When a Member Has No Voting Right
第八十八条の二十(議決権のない場合)
If a resolution concerns the relationship between a financial instruments membership corporation and a specific member, that member has no voting right.
Article 88-21Jurisdiction over the Appointment of a Special Agent
第八十八条の二十一(特別代理人の選任の管轄)
The appointment of a special agent falls under the jurisdiction of the district court for the relevant financial instruments membership corporation's principal office location.
特別代理人の選任は、金融商品会員制法人の主たる事務所の所在地の地方裁判所の管轄とする。
Article 88-22Application, Mutatis Mutandis of the Companies Act
第八十八条の二十二(会社法の準用)
The provisions of Article 828, paragraph (1) of the Companies Act (limited to the part that involves item (i)) and of Article 828, paragraph (2) (limited to the part that involves item (i)); Article 834 (limited to the part that involves item (i)); Article 835, paragraph (1); Article 836, paragraphs (1) and (3); Articles 837 through 839; and Article 846 of that Act apply mutatis mutandis to an action to invalidate the incorporation of a financial instruments membership corporation. In this case, in Article 828, paragraph (2), item (i) of that Act, the phrase "a shareholder, etc. (meaning a shareholder, director or liquidator (or, for a company with company auditors, it means a shareholder, director, company auditor or liquidator; and for a company with nominating committee, etc., it means a shareholder, director, executive officer, or liquidator); hereinafter the same applies in this Section) of the incorporated stock company or a partner, etc. (meaning a partner or liquidator; hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph) of the incorporated membership company" is deemed to be replaced with "the members, the president and board members, the auditors, or the liquidators", and any other necessary technical replacement of terms is specified by Cabinet Order.
会社法第八百二十八条第一項(第一号に係る部分に限る。)及び第二項(第一号に係る部分に限る。)、第八百三十四条(第一号に係る部分に限る。)、第八百三十五条第一項、第八百三十六条第一項及び第三項、第八百三十七条から第八百三十九条まで並びに第八百四十六条の規定は、金融商品会員制法人の設立の無効の訴えについて準用する。この場合において、同法第八百二十八条第二項第一号中「株主等(株主、取締役又は清算人(監査役設置会社にあっては株主、取締役、監査役又は清算人、指名委員会等設置会社にあっては株主、取締役、執行役又は清算人)をいう。以下この節において同じ。)又は設立する持分会社の社員等(社員又は清算人をいう。以下この項において同じ。)」とあるのは、「会員、理事長及び理事、監事又は清算人」と読み替えるものとするほか、必要な技術的読替えは、政令で定める。
Division 2 Registration
第二目 登記
第八十九条(成立)
A financial instruments membership corporation is established by a registration of incorporation being recorded in connection with the location of its principal office.
金融商品会員制法人は、主たる事務所の所在地において、設立の登記をすることにより成立する。
Except in a case prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the particulars that are required to be registered pursuant to the provisions of this Act may not be asserted against a third party until after their registration.
前項の場合を除くほか、この法律の規定により登記すべき事項は、登記をした後でなければ、これをもつて第三者に対抗することができない。
第八十九条の二(登記)
A registration of incorporation must be recorded for a financial instruments membership corporation in connection with the location of its principal office and within two weeks from the final day of its organizational meetings.
金融商品会員制法人の設立の登記は、その主たる事務所の所在地において、創立総会の終了の日から二週間以内に、しなければならない。
The following particulars must be stated in the registration referred to in the preceding paragraph:
前項の登記には、次に掲げる事項を記載しなければならない。
purposes;
目的
name;
名称
office address;
事務所の所在場所
duration of operation and grounds for dissolution, if specified;
存立の時期又は解散の事由を定めたときは、その時期又は事由
funds and amount of contributions paid in;
基本金及び払い込んだ出資金額
unit amount of contributions and method of payment;
出資一口の金額及びその払込方法
name, address, and qualifications of the person with the authority of representation;
代表権を有する者の氏名、住所及び資格
provisions on the scope and limitation of the authority of representation, if any; and
代表権の範囲又は制限に関する定めがあるときは、その定め
Deleted
削除
(Convocation of a General Meeting)
A convocation notice for a general meeting must specify the purpose of the general meeting, and must be issued as specified by the articles of incorporation at least five days prior to the day of the…
総会の招集の通知は、会日より少なくとも五日前に、その会議の目的である事項を示し、定款で定めた方法に従つてしなければならない。
Open this provision(Voting Rights of Members)
Each member holds an equal voting right.
各会員の議決権は、平等とする。
Open this provision(Voting Rights of Members)
A member that is not present at a general meeting may vote in writing or by proxy.
総会に出席しない会員は、書面で、又は代理人によつて議決をすることができる。
Open this provision(Articles of Incorporation)
In order for a financial instruments membership corporation to be incorporated, the founders must prepare articles of incorporation, and all founders must sign or have their names and seals affixed…
金融商品会員制法人を設立するには、発起人が定款を作成し、その全員が署名し、又は記名押印しなければならない。
Open this provision(Organizational Meetings)
After preparing the articles of incorporation, the founders must solicit persons seeking to become members, and hold an organizational meeting, giving public notice of those articles of incorporation…
発起人は、定款を作成した後、会員になろうとする者を募り、これを会議の日時及び場所とともにその会議開催日の二週間前までに公告して、創立総会を開かなければならない。
Open this provision(Organizational Meetings)
Approval of the articles of incorporation and decisions about particulars that are necessary for incorporation must be decided by a resolution of the organizational meeting.
定款の承認その他設立に必要な事項の決定は、創立総会の議決によらなければならない。
Open this provision(Voting Rights of Expected Members)
At an organizational meeting, each of the expected members holds an equal voting right.
創立総会における各加入予定者の議決権は、平等とする。
Open this provision(Voting Rights of Expected Members)
At an organizational meeting, each of the expected members holds an equal voting right.
創立総会における各加入予定者の議決権は、平等とする。
Open this provision(Voting Rights of Expected Members)
An expected member that is not present at an organizational meeting may vote in writing or by proxy.
創立総会に出席しない加入予定者は、書面で、又は代理人によつて議決をすることができる。
Open this provision(When an Expected Member Has No Voting Right)
If an organizational meeting resolution concerns the relationship between a financial instruments membership corporation and a specific expected member, that expected member has no voting right.
金融商品会員制法人と特定の加入予定者との関係について創立総会の議決をする場合には、その加入予定者は、議決権を有しない。
Open this provision(Registration)
A registration of incorporation must be recorded for a financial instruments membership corporation in connection with the location of its principal office and within two weeks from the final day of…
金融商品会員制法人の設立の登記は、その主たる事務所の所在地において、創立総会の終了の日から二週間以内に、しなければならない。
Open this provision(Registration)
means of public notice.
公告方法
Open this provision(Establishment)
A financial instruments membership corporation is established by a registration of incorporation being recorded in connection with the location of its principal office.
金融商品会員制法人は、主たる事務所の所在地において、設立の登記をすることにより成立する。
Open this provision(Preparation of Articles of Incorporation)
Articles of incorporation referred to in the preceding paragraph may be prepared in the form of an electronic or magnetic record…
前項の定款は、電磁的記録(電子的方式、磁気的方式その他人の知覚によっては認識することができない方式で作られる記録であって、電子計算機による情報処理の用に供されるものとして法務省令で定めるものをいう。以下同じ。)をもって作成することができる。
Open this provision(Certification of Articles of Incorporation)
Articles of incorporation referred to in Article 26, paragraph (1) do not become effective unless they are certified by a notary public.
第二十六条第一項の定款は、公証人の認証を受けなければ、その効力を生じない。
Open this provision(Actions Seeking Invalidation of Acts Concerning the Organization of a Company)
Invalidation of the acts set forth in the following items may only be asserted by filing an action during the periods specified respectively in those items:
次の各号に掲げる行為の無効は、当該各号に定める期間に、訴えをもってのみ主張することができる。
Open this provision(Actions Seeking Invalidation of Acts Concerning the Organization of a Company)
incorporation of a company:within two years from the day of formation of the company;
会社の設立 会社の成立の日から二年以内
Open this provision(Actions Seeking Invalidation of Acts Concerning the Organization of a Company)
An action seeking invalidation of the acts set forth in the following items may be filed only by the persons specified in each of those items:
次の各号に掲げる行為の無効の訴えは、当該各号に定める者に限り、提起することができる。
Open this provision(Actions Seeking Invalidation of Acts Concerning the Organization of a Company)
the act set forth in item (i) of the preceding paragraph:a shareholder, etc. (meaning a shareholder, director or liquidator (or, for a company with company auditor(s), it means a shareholder…
前項第一号に掲げる行為 設立する株式会社の株主等(株主、取締役又は清算人(監査役設置会社にあっては株主、取締役、監査役又は清算人、指名委員会等設置会社にあっては株主、取締役、執行役又は清算人)をいう。以下この節において同じ。)又は設立する持分会社の社員等(社員又は清算人をいう。以下この項において同じ。)
Open this provision(Defendant)
With regard to the actions set forth in the following items (hereinafter collectively referred to as an "action concerning organization of company" in this Section)…
次の各号に掲げる訴え(以下この節において「会社の組織に関する訴え」と総称する。)については、当該各号に定める者を被告とする。
Open this provision(Defendant)
an action seeking invalidation of the incorporation of a company:the incorporated company;
会社の設立の無効の訴え 設立する会社
Open this provision(Jurisdiction over and Transfer of an Action)
An action concerning organization of company is under the exclusive jurisdiction of the district court having jurisdiction over the location of the head office of the company which is the defendant.
会社の組織に関する訴えは、被告となる会社の本店の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所の管轄に専属する。
Open this provision(Order to Provide Security)
With regard to an action concerning organization of company which may be filed by a shareholder or a shareholder at incorporation, the court may, in response to a petition by the defendant…
会社の組織に関する訴えであって、株主又は設立時株主が提起することができるものについては、裁判所は、被告の申立てにより、当該会社の組織に関する訴えを提起した株主又は設立時株主に対し、相当の担保を立てるべきことを命ずることができる。
Open this provision(Order to Provide Security)
In order for a defendant to file the petition referred to in paragraph (1) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding paragraph)…
被告は、第一項(前項において準用する場合を含む。)の申立てをするには、原告の訴えの提起が悪意によるものであることを疎明しなければならない。
Open this provision(Mandatory Consolidation of Oral Arguments)
When several suits relating to an action concerning organization of company for the same claim are pending simultaneously, the oral arguments and judicial decisions thereof must be made in…
同一の請求を目的とする会社の組織に関する訴えに係る訴訟が数個同時に係属するときは、その弁論及び裁判は、併合してしなければならない。
Open this provision(Persons Affected by an Upholding Judgment)
A final and binding judgment upholding a claim relating to an action concerning organization of company is also effective against third parties.
会社の組織に関する訴えに係る請求を認容する確定判決は、第三者に対してもその効力を有する。
Open this provision(Effects of a Judgment of Invalidation, Revocation or Rescission)
When a judgment upholding a claim relating to an action concerning organization of company (limited to any one of the actions set forth in Article 834, items (i) through (xii)-2, (xviii) and (xix))…
会社の組織に関する訴え(第八百三十四条第一号から第十二号の二まで、第十八号及び第十九号に掲げる訴えに限る。)に係る請求を認容する判決が確定したときは、当該判決において無効とされ…
Open this provision(Liability for Damages If the Plaintiff Is Defeated)
If the plaintiffs who filed actions concerning the organization of a company are defeated, if the plaintiffs have acted in bad faith or with gross negligence…
会社の組織に関する訴えを提起した原告が敗訴した場合において、原告に悪意又は重大な過失があったときは、原告は、被告に対し、連帯して損害を賠償する責任を負う。
Open this provisionfinancial instruments membership corporation
「金融商品会員制法人」
A membership-based association established under Subsection 1 of Section 2 of Chapter V for the purpose of opening a financial instruments market (金融商品市場).
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (15)· applies throughout the law
financial instruments exchange market
「取引所金融商品市場」
A financial instruments market (金融商品市場) opened by a financial instruments exchange (金融商品取引所).
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (17)· applies throughout the law
officer
「役員」
A director, accounting advisor, company auditor or executive officer, or a person equivalent to one, in this Act other than Articles 163 to 167.
Defined inArticle 21, paragraph (1), item (i)· applies from here on, except in Articles 163 to 167
voting rightsmachine translation
「議決権」
From Article 29-4, paragraph (2) on, the voting rights of all the shareholders, partners, members, cooperative members or contributors of an entity (総株主等の議決権); for a stock company, not counting votes on shares that cannot be voted on any matter a shareholders' meeting may resolve, and counting votes on shares deemed to carry voting rights under Article 879, paragraph (3) of the Companies Act.
Defined inArticle 29-4, paragraph (2)
financial instruments business operator, etc.machine translation
「金融商品取引業者等」
A financial instruments business operator (金融商品取引業者) or a registered financial institution (登録金融機関).
Defined inArticle 34, paragraph (1)
member, etc.
「会員等」
The members (会員) or trading participants (取引参加者) of a financial instruments exchange (金融商品取引所).
Short name set inArticle 81, paragraph (1), item (iii)
means of public noticemachine translation
「公告方法」
In Article 88-3, paragraph (2), item (xv) and Article 89-2, paragraph (2), item (ix), the means by which a financial instruments membership corporation (金融商品会員制法人) gives its public notices, other than those this Act requires to be published in the Official Gazette (官報).
Defined inArticle 88-3, paragraph (2), item (xv)· applies only in this provision and in Article 89-2, paragraph (2), item (ix)
expected member
「加入予定者」
In Articles 88-4, 88-5 and 88-6, a person intending to become a member of a financial instruments membership corporation (金融商品会員制法人) that is to be established.
Short name set inArticle 88-4, paragraph (2)· applies only in this article and in Articles 88-5 and 88-6
electronic or magnetic meansmachine translation
「電磁的方法」
From Article 88-5, paragraph (3) on, where it is first used for voting at the organizational meeting of a financial instruments membership corporation (金融商品会員制法人) instead of in writing, a means using an electronic data processing system or other information and communications technology, of a kind a Cabinet Office Order (内閣府令) specifies.
Defined inArticle 88-5, paragraph (3)
articles of incorporation
定款
A company's own basic rules, written by its founders when it is formed: at least its purpose, its trade name, where its head office is, the value of the property contributed at incorporation and who the founders are (Companies Act, Article 27). A stock company's must be certified by a notary before it takes effect (Article 30, paragraph (1)), and can later be changed by a resolution of the shareholders meeting (Article 466). Many rules in the Act apply "unless the articles of incorporation provide otherwise", so a company's articles decide a great deal of how the Act applies to it.
Written by AI using Companies Act, Arts. 26, 27, 30, 466, 575 as a reference.
assert against
対抗
To be able to rely on a right, or on a fact about it, against someone who is not a party to it. Acquiring, losing or changing a right in rem (物権) in land or a building cannot be asserted against third parties until it is registered (登記) (Civil Code, Article 177), and a registered lease of land or a building can be asserted against a person who acquires a right in rem in it, such as a buyer, and against other third parties (Article 605). The Act on Land and Building Leases lets a tenant do without registering the lease itself: a right to use land for a building (借地権) can be asserted against third parties once the tenant owns a registered building on the land (Article 10, paragraph (1)), and a building lease takes effect against anyone who later acquires a right in rem in the building, such as a new owner, once the building has been handed over (Article 31). Some rules protect only a third party who did not know: a rescission for fraud cannot be asserted against a third party who did not know of the fraud and was not careless in not knowing (善意でかつ過失がない) (Civil Code, Article 96, paragraph (3)).
Written by AI using Civil Code, Arts. 96, 177, 605 and Act on Land and Building Leases, Arts. 10, 31 as a reference.
company auditor
監査役
An officer of a stock company, elected by the shareholders meeting (Companies Act, Article 329, paragraph (1)), whose job is to audit how the directors carry out their duties and to write an audit report on it (Article 381, paragraph (1)). Not an outside accountant — that is the financial auditor (会計監査人) — and not a director: a company auditor may not also be a director or employee of the company or its subsidiaries (Article 335, paragraph (2)). The term normally runs to the annual shareholders meeting for the last business year ending within four years of election (Article 336, paragraph (1)).
Written by AI using Companies Act, Arts. 329, 335, 336, 381 as a reference.
director
取締役
An officer of a stock company, elected by the shareholders meeting (Companies Act, Article 329, paragraph (1)). Every stock company has at least one (Article 326, paragraph (1)). Where there is no board of directors, the directors run the company's business unless the articles of incorporation say otherwise (Article 348, paragraph (1)), and each of them represents it unless the company has chosen representative directors (代表取締役) or others to do that (Article 349, paragraphs (1) and (3)). Where there is a board (取締役会, board of directors), the directors are its members, and the board decides the business and normally chooses the representative directors from among them (Article 362). The term normally runs to the annual shareholders meeting for the last business year ending within two years of election (Article 332, paragraph (1)).
Written by AI using Companies Act, Arts. 326, 329, 332, 348, 349, 362 as a reference.
public prosecutor
検察官
The official who brings a prosecution (公訴) for a crime before a court (Code of Criminal Procedure, Article 247), and who may decide not to prosecute where, in view of the offender's character, age and circumstances, the gravity and circumstances of the offence and what happened after it, prosecution is not needed (Article 248). In criminal cases a public prosecutor asks the court to apply the law correctly and oversees the carrying out of its judgments; and, as the representative of the public interest, a public prosecutor also does the work other laws and regulations assign to a public prosecutor, which is not limited to criminal cases (Public Prosecutors Office Act, Article 4). A public prosecutor may investigate any crime (Article 6, paragraph (1)). Public prosecutors work through the public prosecutors offices (検察庁): the Supreme, High, District and Local Public Prosecutors Offices (Article 1).
Written by AI using Code of Criminal Procedure, Arts. 247, 248 and Public Prosecutors Office Act, Arts. 1, 4, 6 as a reference.
registration
登記
Entry in a public register kept by a registry office (登記所) — a Legal Affairs Bureau or one of its branch offices — so that the matter is made public (Real Property Registration Act, Articles 1 and 6, paragraph (1)). Rights in land and buildings, such as ownership, a superficies (地上権), a statutory lien (先取特権), a mortgage and a right of lease (賃借権), can be registered under that Act (Article 3), and matters the Commercial Code, the Companies Act and other Acts require to be registered are registered under the Commercial Registration Act (Article 1). Registration also lets a right be asserted against third parties: acquiring, losing or changing a right in rem (物権) in land or a building, such as ownership, cannot be asserted against third parties until it is registered (Civil Code, Article 177), and a matter the Companies Act requires to be registered cannot be asserted against a third party who does not know of it until it has been registered, nor, even after that, against one who had a justifiable reason for not knowing of the registration (Companies Act, Article 908, paragraph (1)).
Written by AI using Real Property Registration Act, Arts. 1, 3, 6, Commercial Registration Act, Art. 1, Civil Code, Art. 177 and Companies Act, Art. 908 as a reference.