第百四十一条(徴収職員の滞納処分に関する調査に係る質問検査権)
Article 141Authority of Collection Officials to Question and Inspect in Investigations Concerning Delinquent Tax Collection Procedures
When it is necessary to investigate the property of a delinquent taxpayer for the purpose of a delinquent tax collection procedure, a collection official may, within the scope found to be necessary, question the persons listed in the following items, inspect books and documents relating to the property of such persons (including, where electronic or magnetic records (meaning records made in an electronic form, a magnetic form, or any other form that cannot be perceived by human senses, which are used for information processing by computers) are created or kept in lieu of the creation or keeping of such books and documents, those electronic or magnetic records; the same applies in Article 146-2 (Requests for Cooperation to Business Operators, etc.) and Article 188, item (iii) (Penal Provisions)) and other articles, and request the presentation or submission of such articles (including copies thereof).
a third party who possesses the property of a delinquent taxpayer, and a third party for whom there are reasonable grounds to find that the third party possesses it;
滞納者の財産を占有する第三者及びこれを占有していると認めるに足りる相当の理由がある第三者
a person who has or had a claim against or an obligation to a delinquent taxpayer, or a person for whom there are reasonable grounds to find that the person has or had such a claim or obligation, or a person for whom there are reasonable grounds to find that the person has acquired property from a delinquent taxpayer; or
滞納者に対し債権若しくは債務があつた、若しくはあると認めるに足りる相当の理由がある者又は滞納者から財産を取得したと認めるに足りる相当の理由がある者
a juridical person of which a delinquent taxpayer is a shareholder or investor.
滞納者が株主又は出資者である法人
定義第二条第一項第九号・法令全体に適用
納税者でその納付すべき国税をその納付の期限(国税通則法第四十七条第一項(納税の猶予の通知等)に規定する納税の猶予又は徴収若しくは滞納処分に関する猶予に係る期限を除く。)までに納付しないもの
わかりやすく言うと
納税者のうち、納めるべき国税を納付の期限までに納めていない者のことです。この期限には、納税の猶予や、徴収や滞納処分に関する猶予による期限は含まれません。