Article 154Revocation of Suspension of Delinquent Tax Collection Procedures
When the district director finds, within three years after suspending the execution of the delinquent tax collection procedure pursuant to the provisions of the items of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, that there is no fact falling under the items of that paragraph with regard to the delinquent taxpayer concerned in the suspension, the district director must revoke the suspension of the execution.
When the district director has rescinded a stay of the execution of the delinquent tax collection procedure pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the district director must notify the delinquent taxpayer to that effect.
この部分の英訳はまだありません。
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第三節 保全担保及び保全差押
Section 3 Security for Preservation and Preservative Seizure
Article 158Security for Preservation
If a taxpayer is delinquent in paying consumption tax, etc. (excluding consumption tax) and it is found that collection of that national tax to be imposed on the taxpayer thereafter cannot be secured, the district director may, as security for that national tax, designate an amount and a time limit and order the taxpayer to provide any of the things listed in the items of Article 50 (Types of Security) of the Act on General Rules for National Taxes.
The amount designated pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph is limited to an amount equivalent to three times the amount of the national tax in question for the month preceding the month in which the provision of security is ordered (or, if that amount is less than the amount of the national tax in question for the month corresponding to the month in which the provision of security is ordered in the preceding year and for the two months following that month, that latter amount).
If the district director has ordered the provision of security for the national tax in question (excluding liquor tax) pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) and the taxpayer does not provide the ordered security by the designated time limit, the district director may notify the taxpayer in writing that, in relation to that national tax, a mortgage will be established, up to the amount designated pursuant to the provisions of that paragraph, on the taxpayer's property that can be the subject of a mortgage.
When the notice under the preceding paragraph has been given, the taxpayer who received the notice is deemed to have established the mortgage referred to in that paragraph. In this case, the district director must commission the relevant authority to register the establishment of the mortgage.
In the case referred to in the second sentence of the preceding paragraph (excluding the case provided for in the following paragraph), a document certifying that the document referred to in paragraph (3) has reached the taxpayer referred to in that paragraph must be attached to the document relating to the commission.
In the case referred to in the second sentence of paragraph (4), when making a commission under Article 18 (Method of Application for Registration) of the Real Property Registration Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 16, paragraph (2) (Registration upon Commission) of that Act (including as applied mutatis mutandis under other laws and regulations), information certifying that the document referred to in paragraph (3) has reached the taxpayer referred to in that paragraph must be provided together with the commission information. In this case, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 116, paragraph (1) (Registration upon Commission by Government Agency) of that Act, it is not necessary to obtain the consent of the person obliged to register.
第四項後段の場合において、不動産登記法第十六条第二項(嘱託による登記)(他の法令において準用する場合を含む。)において準用する同法第十八条(登記の申請方法)の規定による嘱託をするときは、その嘱託情報と併せて第三項の書面が同項の納税者に到達したことを証する情報を提供しなければならない。この場合においては、同法第百十六条第一項(官庁の嘱託による登記)の規定にかかわらず、登記義務者の承諾を得ることを要しない。
If security has been provided pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) or a mortgage has been established pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (4) (hereinafter referred to as "provision of security, etc."), and a period during which there has been no delinquency in the national tax relating to the order referred to in paragraph (1) has continued for three consecutive months, the district director must release the security.
If the district director finds that provision of security, etc. is no longer necessary owing to a change in the financial resources or other circumstances of the taxpayer who has made the provision of security, etc., the district director may, notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, release it immediately.
Article 159Preservative Seizure
If a person found to have a tax liability has been subjected to seizure, seizure with a recording order, or retention under the provisions of Chapter XI (Investigation and Disposition of Criminal Tax Cases) of the Act on General Rules for National Taxes, or to seizure under the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure (Act No. 131 of 1948) (including an order to provide electronic or magnetic records under the provisions of that Act (limited to an order requiring provision by the method listed in Article 102-2, paragraph (1), item (i), (a) (Order to Provide Electronic or Magnetic Records) of that Act)), an order to provide electronic or magnetic records (limited to an order requiring provision by the method listed in (b) of that item), or arrest, on suspicion of having unlawfully evaded national tax or unlawfully received a refund of national tax, and it is found that collection of the national tax cannot be secured after the determination of the amount of the national tax to be paid in relation to the disposition (meaning determination by filing of a return, correction, or decision, and including notice of tax payment for national withholding tax as provided for in Article 2, item (ii) (Definitions) of the Act on General Rules for National Taxes; the same applies hereinafter in this Article), the district director may, before the determination of the amount of that national tax to be paid, decide the amount, out of the amount of national tax expected to be determined, for which the district director finds it necessary to execute the delinquent tax collection procedure in advance in order to secure its collection (hereinafter referred to in this Article as the "amount for preservative seizure"). In this case, a collection official may immediately seize the property of that person, up to that amount.
納税義務があると認められる者が不正に国税を免れ、又は国税の還付を受けたことの嫌疑に基づき、国税通則法第十一章(犯則事件の調査及び処分)の規定による差押え、記録命令付差押え若しくは領置又は刑事訴訟法(昭和二十三年法律第百三十一号)の規定による押収(同法の規定による電磁的記録提供命令(同法第百二条の二第一項第一号イ(電磁的記録提供命令)に掲げる方法による提供を命ずるものに限る。)を含む。)、電磁的記録提供命令(同号ロに掲げる方法による提供を命ずるものに限る。)若しくは逮捕を受けた場合において、その処分に係る国税の納付すべき額の確定(申告、更正又は決定による確定をいい、国税通則法第二条第二号(定義)に規定する源泉徴収等による国税についての納税の告知を含む。以下この条において同じ。)後においては当該国税の徴収を確保することができないと認められるときは、税務署長は、当該国税の納付すべき額の確定前に、その確定をすると見込まれる国税の金額のうちその徴収を確保するためあらかじめ滞納処分を執行することを要すると認める金額(以下この条において「保全差押金額」という。)を決定することができる。この場合においては、徴収職員は、その金額を限度として、その者の財産を直ちに差し押さえることができる。
When the district director intends to make the decision under the preceding paragraph, the district director must obtain in advance the approval of the regional commissioner under whom the district director serves.
税務署長は、前項の規定による決定をしようとするときは、あらかじめ、その所属する国税局長の承認を受けなければならない。
When deciding the amount for preservative seizure pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), the district director must notify the person found to have the tax liability prescribed in that paragraph of that amount for preservative seizure in writing.
If, after the notice under the preceding paragraph has been given, the person found to have the tax liability provides, as security equivalent to the amount for preservative seizure to which the notice relates, any of the things listed in the items of Article 50 (Types of Security) of the Act on General Rules for National Taxes and requests that the seizure not be made, the collection official may not make that seizure.
A collection official must release the seizure under the provisions of paragraph (1) when item (i) or item (ii) applies, and must release the security prescribed in item (iii) when that item applies:
the person subjected to the seizure under the provisions of paragraph (1) has provided the security prescribed in the preceding paragraph and requested release of the seizure;
the amount of the national tax to be paid in relation to the seizure has not been determined by the day on which one year has elapsed from the day on which the notice under paragraph (3) was given; or
the amount of the national tax to be paid in relation to the security provided for the amount for preservative seizure has not been determined by the day on which one year has elapsed from the day on which the notice under paragraph (3) was given.
A collection official may release the seizure or the security if, in relation to a person subjected to the seizure under the provisions of paragraph (1) or a person who has provided the security under paragraph (4) or item (i) of the preceding paragraph, it comes to be found, owing to a change in that person's financial resources or other circumstances, that the seizure or the taking of security is no longer necessary.
If a seizure under the provisions of paragraph (1) has been made or security under paragraph (4) or paragraph (5), item (i) has been provided, and the amount of the national tax to be paid in relation to that seizure or provision of security is then determined, that seizure or provision of security is deemed to have been made for the purpose of collecting that national tax.
Property seized pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) may not be realized until after the amount of the national tax to be paid in relation to the seizure has been determined.
In the case referred to in paragraph (1), if it is found that the property to be seized is insufficient, the district director may make a request for share distribution in lieu of seizure. In this case, it must be made clear that the request is a request for share distribution.
第一項の場合において、差し押さえるべき財産に不足があると認められるときは、税務署長は、差押えに代えて交付要求をすることができる。この場合においては、その交付要求であることを明らかにしなければならない。
If there is money seized pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) (including money received from a third-party debtor, etc. through the seizure of securities, claims, or incorporeal property, etc.) and the amount of the national tax to be paid in relation to the seizure has not been determined, the district director must deposit it.
If the amount determined as the amount of the national tax to be paid, as referred to in paragraph (1), is less than the amount for preservative seizure and the person subjected to the seizure has suffered damage by the seizure, the State is liable to compensate for that damage. In this case, the amount is the amount of loss that would ordinarily arise from the seizure.
この部分の英訳はまだありません。
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定義第二条第一項第六号・法令全体に適用
国税に関する法律の規定により国税(国税通則法(昭和三十七年法律第六十六号)第二条第二号(定義)に規定する源泉徴収等による国税を除く。)を納める義務がある者及び当該源泉徴収等による国税を徴収して国に納付しなければならない者
わかりやすく言うと
国税に関する法律で国税を納める義務がある者と、源泉徴収に係る所得税や特別徴収に係る国際観光旅客税を徴収して国に納める義務がある者のことです。
定義第二条第一項第九号・法令全体に適用
納税者でその納付すべき国税をその納付の期限(国税通則法第四十七条第一項(納税の猶予の通知等)に規定する納税の猶予又は徴収若しくは滞納処分に関する猶予に係る期限を除く。)までに納付しないもの
わかりやすく言うと
納税者のうち、納めるべき国税を納付の期限までに納めていない者のことです。この期限には、納税の猶予や、徴収や滞納処分に関する猶予による期限は含まれません。
略称規定第二十四条第五項第二号
第六十二条(差押えの手続及び効力発生時期)又は第七十三条(電話加入権等の差押えの手続及び効力発生時期)の規定の適用を受ける財産(これらの財産の権利の移転につき登記を要するものを除く。) 第三債務者又はこれに準ずる者(以下「第三債務者等」と…
わかりやすく言うと
差し押さえる債権の債務者(第三債務者)や、電話加入権や合名会社の社員の持分などの財産について、これに準ずる立場にある者のことです(第六十二条、第七十三条)。
略称規定第七十二条第一項
前三款の規定の適用を受けない財産(以下「無体財産権等」という。)のうち特許権、著作権その他第三債務者等がない財産の差押えは、滞納者に対する差押書の送達により行う。
略称規定第百五十八条第七項
税務署長は、第一項の規定による担保の提供又は第四項の規定による抵当権の設定(以下「担保の提供等」という。)があつた場合において、第一項の命令に係る国税の滞納がない期間が継続して三月に達したときは、その担保を解除しなければならない。
わかりやすく言うと
消費税等(消費税を除きます)を滞納した人に税務署長が命じた国税の担保の提供と、その担保が期限までに出されないときに税務署長の書面の通知によって設定したものとみなされる抵当権の設定のことです(第百五十八条)。酒税ではこの抵当権の通知はできません。
略称規定第百五十九条第一項・この条の中だけ
…税務署長は、当該国税の納付すべき額の確定前に、その確定をすると見込まれる国税の金額のうちその徴収を確保するためあらかじめ滞納処分を執行することを要すると認める金額(以下この条において「保全差押金額」という。)を決定することができる。
わかりやすく言うと
不正に国税を免れたり還付を受けたりした疑いで差押えや逮捕などを受けた人について、税額が確定してからでは徴収が確保できないと認められるとき、税務署長が確定前に決める金額です。見込まれる税額のうち前もって滞納処分をする必要があると認める額で、この額を限度に財産を直ちに差し押さえられます。
税務署長
国税庁の地方支分部局である国税局の事務の一部を分掌するため各地に置かれる税務署の長です(財務省設置法第二十四条)。納税者が通常相対する機関で、所得税の確定申告書は税務署長に提出し(所得税法第百二十条第一項)、更正・決定や国税の徴収は現在の納税地を所轄する税務署長が行います(国税通則法第三十条・第四十三条)。税務署長の処分に不服がある者は、その税務署長に対する再調査の請求か、国税不服審判所長に対する審査請求のいずれかを選べます(同法第七十五条第一項第一号)。ただし、調査が国税局又は国税庁の職員によってされた旨の記載がある書面で通知された処分は、国税局長又は国税庁長官がしたものとみなされ、国税庁長官がしたものとみなされた処分については国税庁長官に対する審査請求のみとなります(同条第二項)。
財務省設置法第24条、国税通則法第30条・第43条・第75条、所得税法第120条を参考にAIが作成。
国税局長
国税庁の地方支分部局として置かれる国税局の長です(財務省設置法第二十三条)。税務署は国税局の所掌事務の一部を分掌します(同法第二十四条)。国税局長は税務署長から徴収の引継ぎを受けることができ(国税通則法第四十三条第三項)、国税局長の処分に不服がある者は、その国税局長に対する再調査の請求か、国税不服審判所長に対する審査請求のいずれかを選べます(同法第七十五条第一項第一号)。
財務省設置法第23条・第24条、国税通則法第43条・第75条を参考にAIが作成。
登記
法務局や地方法務局、その支局・出張所である登記所が備える公の帳簿に記録して、権利や事項を公示することです(不動産登記法第一条・第六条第一項)。土地や建物の所有権、地上権、先取特権、抵当権、賃借権などは不動産登記法に基づいて登記することができ(同法第三条)、商法や会社法などの規定で登記すべき事項は商業登記法に基づいて登記されます(商業登記法第一条)。登記をすると、権利などを第三者に対抗(主張)できるようになります。土地や建物の所有権などの物権を取得したり、失ったり、変更したりしたことは、登記をしなければ第三者に対抗することができず(民法第百七十七条)、会社法の規定で登記すべき事項は、登記の後でなければ、そのことを知らない第三者に対抗することができず、登記の後でも、正当な事由によって登記があることを知らなかった第三者には対抗することができません(会社法第九百八条第一項)。
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