第六章 年少者
Chapter VI Minors
Article 56Minimum Age
An employer must not employ a child until the end of the first 31st of March that falls on or after the day on which the child reaches 15 years of age.
使用者は、児童が満十五歳に達した日以後の最初の三月三十一日が終了するまで、これを使用してはならない。
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, outside of school hours, an employer may employ a child of at least 13 years of age in an occupation involved in a business other than a business stated in items (i) through (v) of Appended Table 1 which involves light labor that is not injurious to the child's health and welfare, with the permission of the relevant government agency. The same applies to a child under 13 years of age employed in the business of film production and theatrical performance.
前項の規定にかかわらず、別表第一第一号から第五号までに掲げる事業以外の事業に係る職業で、児童の健康及び福祉に有害でなく、かつ、その労働が軽易なものについては、行政官庁の許可を受けて、満十三歳以上の児童をその者の修学時間外に使用することができる。映画の製作又は演劇の事業については、満十三歳に満たない児童についても、同様とする。
Article 57Certificates for Minors
An employer must keep family register certificates at the workplace, proving the ages of children under 18 years of age.
使用者は、満十八才に満たない者について、その年齢を証明する戸籍証明書を事業場に備え付けなければならない。
Regarding a child employed pursuant to paragraph (2) of the preceding Article, an employer must keep at the workplace a certificate issued by the head of that child's school certifying that the child's employment does not hinder their attendance at school, or a written document of consent from the person who has parental authority for, or is the legal guardian of, the child.
Article 58Labor Contracts with Minors
It is prohibited for a person with parental authority over a minor or the legal guardian of a minor to enter into a labor contract on behalf of a minor.
親権者又は後見人は、未成年者に代つて労働契約を締結してはならない。
A person with parental authority over a minor, the legal guardian of a minor, or the relevant government agency may cancel a labor contract prospectively if they consider it disadvantageous to the minor.
親権者若しくは後見人又は行政官庁は、労働契約が未成年者に不利であると認める場合においては、将来に向つてこれを解除することができる。
Article 59
Article 60Working Hours and Days Off
The provisions of Articles 32-2 through 32-5, Article 36, Article 40, and Article 41-2 do not apply to persons under 18 years of age.
第三十二条の二から第三十二条の五まで、第三十六条、第四十条及び第四十一条の二の規定は、満十八才に満たない者については、これを適用しない。
To apply the provisions of Article 32 to children employed pursuant to Article 56, paragraph (2), the phrase "40 hours per week" in Article 32, paragraph (1) is deemed to be replaced with "40 hours per week including school hours", and the phrase "8 hours per day" in Article 32, paragraph (2) is deemed to be replaced with "7 hours per day including school hours".
Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 32, an employer may employ a person aged 15 or over but under the age of 18 in accordance with the following provisions until they reach the age of 18 (other than during the period until the first 31st of March falling on or after the day the person reaches 15 years of age):
if the total number of working hours in a week does not exceed the number of working hours referred to in Article 32, paragraph (1) and the number of working hours for any one day of the week will be reduced to 4 hours or less, the working hours for other days of the week may be extended to 10 hours;
一週間の労働時間が第三十二条第一項の労働時間を超えない範囲内において、一週間のうち一日の労働時間を四時間以内に短縮する場合において、他の日の労働時間を十時間まで延長すること。
an employer may have the worker work in accordance with the provisions of Article 32-2 or Article 32-4 and Article 32-4-2, within the range of less than 8 hours per day, and also within a range not exceeding that which is prescribed by Order of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, within the range of 48 hours per week.
Article 61Late Night Work
An employer must not have a person under 18 years of age work between the hours of 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.;provided, however, that this does not apply to males aged 16 years or more who are employed under a shift-work system.
使用者は、満十八才に満たない者を午後十時から午前五時までの間において使用してはならない。ただし、交替制によつて使用する満十六才以上の男性については、この限りでない。
Whenever finding it necessary to do so, the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare may alter the hours referred to in the preceding paragraph to the hours of 11 p.m. and 6 a.m., in limited areas or for limited periods.
厚生労働大臣は、必要であると認める場合においては、前項の時刻を、地域又は期間を限つて、午後十一時及び午前六時とすることができる。
For a business in which the employer has workers work under a shift-work system, the employer may have a worker work until 10:30 p.m., notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1); or may have a worker work from 5:30 a.m., notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, with the permission of the relevant government agency.
The provisions of the preceding three paragraphs do not apply if the employer extends working hours, or has a worker work on days off, pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of Article 33, nor do they apply to businesses stated in item (vi), item (vii) or item (xiii) of Appended Table 1 or to telephone exchange operations.
Regarding children employed pursuant to the provisions of Article 56, paragraph (2), the hours referred to in paragraph (1) are the hours of 8 p.m. and 5 a.m., and the hours referred to in paragraph (2) are the hours of 9 p.m. and 6 a.m.
Article 62Restrictions on Engagement in Dangerous and Hazardous Operations
An employer must not allow a person under 18 years of age to clean, oil, inspect, or repair a dangerous part of a machine or power transmission device while it is in operation; to attach or detach the driving belts or ropes of a machine or power transmission device while it is in operation; to operate a crane; or to engage in any other dangerous operations prescribed by Order of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare; and must not allow such a person to engage in operations involving the handling of heavy objects, as prescribed by Order of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.
使用者は、満十八才に満たない者に、運転中の機械若しくは動力伝導装置の危険な部分の掃除、注油、検査若しくは修繕をさせ、運転中の機械若しくは動力伝導装置にベルト若しくはロープの取付け若しくは取りはずしをさせ、動力によるクレーンの運転をさせ、その他厚生労働省令で定める危険な業務に就かせ、又は厚生労働省令で定める重量物を取り扱う業務に就かせてはならない。
An employer must not have a person under 18 years of age engage in operations involving the handling of a poisonous, deleterious substance, or other hazardous substance or an explosive, combustible, or inflammable substance; operations in a place where dust or powder is dispersed or where harmful gas or radiation is generated, or in a place of high temperatures or pressure; or any other operation in a place that is hazardous to safety, health, or welfare.
使用者は、満十八才に満たない者を、毒劇薬、毒劇物その他有害な原料若しくは材料又は爆発性、発火性若しくは引火性の原料若しくは材料を取り扱う業務、著しくじんあい若しくは粉末を飛散し、若しくは有害ガス若しくは有害放射線を発散する場所又は高温若しくは高圧の場所における業務その他安全、衛生又は福祉に有害な場所における業務に就かせてはならない。
Order of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare prescribes the range of the operations provided for in the preceding paragraph.
前項に規定する業務の範囲は、厚生労働省令で定める。
Article 63Prohibition on Engagement in Underground Work
Article 64Traveling Expenses for Returning Home
If a worker under 18 years of age returns home within 14 days after dismissal, the employer must cover the necessary travel expenses; provided, however, that this does not apply if a worker under 18 years of age has been dismissed for grounds attributable to that worker, and the employer has had those grounds certified by the relevant government agency.
満十八才に満たない者が解雇の日から十四日以内に帰郷する場合においては、使用者は、必要な旅費を負担しなければならない。ただし、満十八才に満たない者がその責めに帰すべき事由に基づいて解雇され、使用者がその事由について行政官庁の認定を受けたときは、この限りでない。
略称規定第九条第一項
この法律で「労働者」とは、職業の種類を問わず、事業又は事務所(以下「事業」という。)に使用される者で、賃金を支払われる者をいう。
解除
契約や法律の規定により当事者の一方が解除権を持つとき、相手方に対する意思表示によって契約を終わらせることです(民法第五百四十条第一項)。民法は、相手方が債務を履行しないときの解除を定めています。相当の期間を定めて履行を催告してもその期間内に履行がないときは解除でき(残った不履行が軽微なときを除きます。同法第五百四十一条)、履行の全部が不能であるとき、相手方が履行を拒む意思をはっきり示したときなど、履行を受ける見込みがないことが明らかなときは、催告をせずにすぐ解除できます(同法第五百四十二条第一項)。解除すると、各当事者は相手方を元の状態に戻す義務を負い、損害賠償の請求もできます(同法第五百四十五条第一項・第四項)。ただし、賃貸借の解除は将来に向かってのみ効力を生じます(同法第六百二十条)。取り消された行為が初めから無効であったものとみなされる取消し(同法第百二十一条)とは異なります。
民法第121条・第540条・第541条・第542条・第545条・第620条を参考にAIが作成。