Article 4Requirement for Payment
The prefectural governor, the mayors of cities (including the heads of special wards; the same applies hereinafter), and the heads of towns and villages that administer a welfare office (meaning an office for welfare prescribed in the Social Welfare Act (Act No. 45 of 1951); the same applies hereinafter) (hereinafter referred to as "prefectural governor, etc.") are to pay Child Rearing Allowance (hereinafter referred to as "the allowance"), according to the categories of cases set out in the following items, to the person prescribed in each such item.
都道府県知事、市長（特別区の区長を含む。以下同じ。）及び福祉事務所（社会福祉法（昭和二十六年法律第四十五号）に定める福祉に関する事務所をいう。以下同じ。）を管理する町村長（以下「都道府県知事等」という。）は、次の各号に掲げる場合の区分に応じ、それぞれ当該各号に定める者に対し、児童扶養手当（以下「手当」という。）を支給する。
In the case where the mother of a child who falls under any of (a) through (e) has custody of the child: that mother;
次のイからホまでのいずれかに該当する児童の母が当該児童を監護する場合 当該母
A child whose father is in a state of disability of a degree of severity specified by Cabinet Order;
父が政令で定める程度の障害の状態にある児童
Any other child in a condition equivalent to that of those under (a) through (d) who is specified by Cabinet Order;
その他イからニまでに準ずる状態にある児童で政令で定めるもの
In the case where the father of a child falling under any of (a) through (e) below has custody of the child and shares a livelihood with the child: that father;
次のイからホまでのいずれかに該当する児童の父が当該児童を監護し、かつ、これと生計を同じくする場合 当該父
A child whose mother has a disability of a degree of severity specified by the Cabinet Order referred to in (c) of the preceding item;
Any other child in a condition equivalent to that of those under (a) through (d) who is specified by Cabinet Order;
その他イからニまでに準ずる状態にある児童で政令で定めるもの
In the case where a mother does not have custody of a child falling under any of (a) through (e) of item (i), or where there is no mother of a child falling under any of (a) through (e) of that item (excluding a child falling under (b) of that item), and a person other than that mother raises the child (meaning living with the child, having custody of the child and maintaining the child's livelihood; the same applies hereinafter); in the case where a father does not have custody of a child falling under any of (a) through (e) of the preceding item or does not share a livelihood with the child (excluding the case where there is no father), or where there is no father of a child falling under any of (a) through (e) of that item (excluding a child falling under (b) of that item), and a person other than that father raises the child; or in the case where there is neither father nor mother, and a person other than that father and mother raises the child: that person raising the child.
第一号イからホまでのいずれかに該当する児童を母が監護しない場合若しくは同号イからホまでのいずれかに該当する児童（同号ロに該当するものを除く。）の母がない場合であつて、当該母以外の者が当該児童を養育する（児童と同居して、これを監護し、かつ、その生計を維持することをいう。以下同じ。）とき、前号イからホまでのいずれかに該当する児童を父が監護しないか、若しくはこれと生計を同じくしない場合（父がない場合を除く。）若しくは同号イからホまでのいずれかに該当する児童（同号ロに該当するものを除く。）の父がない場合であつて、当該父以外の者が当該児童を養育するとき、又は父母がない場合であつて、当該父母以外の者が当該児童を養育するとき 当該養育者
Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, the allowance is not paid for a child where, in the case of the allowance for a mother or person raising the child, the child falls under any of items (i) through (iv) of this paragraph, or, in the case of the allowance for a father, the child falls under any of items (i), (ii), (v) or (vi) of this paragraph.
When the child does not have a domicile in Japan;
日本国内に住所を有しないとき。
When the child has been entrusted to a foster parent prescribed in Article 6-4 of the Child Welfare Act (Act No. 164 of 1947);
児童福祉法（昭和二十二年法律第百六十四号）第六条の四に規定する里親に委託されているとき。
When the child shares a livelihood with the father; provided, however, that this does not apply when that person has a disability of a degree of severity specified by Cabinet Order prescribed in paragraph (1), item (i), (c);
父と生計を同じくしているとき。ただし、その者が前項第一号ハに規定する政令で定める程度の障害の状態にあるときを除く。
When the child is being raised by the spouse of the mother (excluding a father who has a disability of a degree of severity specified by Cabinet Order prescribed in paragraph (1), item (i), (c));
When the child shares a livelihood with the mother; provided, however, that this does not apply when that person has a disability of a degree of severity specified by Cabinet Order prescribed in paragraph (1), item (i), (c);
母と生計を同じくしているとき。ただし、その者が前項第一号ハに規定する政令で定める程度の障害の状態にあるときを除く。
When the child is being raised by the spouse of the father (excluding a mother who has a disability of a degree of severity specified by Cabinet Order prescribed in paragraph (1), item (i), (c)).
Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the allowance is not paid where, in the case of the allowance for a mother, that mother, in the case of the allowance for a father, that father, or in the case of the allowance for a person raising the child, that person raising the child, does not have a domicile in Japan.
Article 4-2Adjustment of Payment
Article 5Amount of Allowance
The allowance is to be paid in units of months, and the amount is 41,100 yen per month.
手当は、月を単位として支給するものとし、その額は、一月につき、四万千百円とする。
The amount of the allowance paid to a father, mother or person raising the child who has two or more children who fall under the requirements prescribed in Article 4 and who are in the custody of the father and share a livelihood with him, are in the custody of the mother, or are raised by a person raising the child (hereinafter referred to as "children in custody, etc."), is, notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, the amount prescribed in that paragraph (referred to as the "basic amount" in paragraphs (1) and (2) of the following Article) plus 10,750 yen for each child in custody, etc. other than one of the children in custody, etc.
Article 5-2Automatic Revision of Allowance Amount
With respect to the basic amount, when the annual average national consumer price index compiled by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (hereinafter referred to as the "price index") comes to exceed or fall below the price index of 1993 (where a measure to revise the basic amount under this paragraph has been taken, the year preceding the year in which the most recent such measure was taken), the basic amount on or after April of the following year is revised on the basis of the ratio of that rise or fall.
基本額については、総務省において作成する年平均の全国消費者物価指数（以下「物価指数」という。）が平成五年（この項の規定による基本額の改定の措置が講じられたときは、直近の当該措置が講じられた年の前年）の物価指数を超え、又は下るに至つた場合においては、その上昇し、又は低下した比率を基準として、その翌年の四月以降の基本額を改定する。
The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis to the amount added to the basic amount under paragraph (2) of the preceding Article. In this case, the term "1993" in the preceding paragraph is deemed to be replaced with "2023".
The measures for revising the amount of the allowance under the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs are specified by Cabinet Order.
Article 6Certification
A person who falls under the requirements for payment of the allowance (hereinafter referred to as an "eligible recipient"), when seeking to receive payment of the allowance, must obtain certification from the prefectural governor, etc. as to the person's eligibility and the amount of the allowance.
Where a person who has obtained the certification under the preceding paragraph, after ceasing to fall under the requirements for payment of the allowance, again comes to fall under those requirements, the same applies as under that paragraph when the person seeks to receive payment of the allowance for the period after coming to fall under them.
Article 7Payment Period and Payment Months
Payment of the allowance begins in the month following the month that includes the day on which the eligible recipient made the claim for certification under the preceding Article (referred to as the "first month of payment" in Article 13-3, paragraph (1)) and ends in the month that includes the day on which the grounds for paying the allowance ceased to exist.
Where an eligible recipient was unable to make the claim for certification under the preceding Article due to a disaster or other unavoidable reason, and makes the claim within 15 days after that reason ceased to exist, payment of the allowance begins, notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, in the month following the month that includes the day on which the eligible recipient became unable to make the claim for certification due to the unavoidable reason.
The allowance is paid in six installments, in January, March, May, July, September and November of each year, for the portion up to the month preceding each of them. However, allowance that should have been paid in the previous payment month, or allowance for the period in the case where the grounds for payment have ceased to exist, are to be paid even in a month that is not that payment month.
手当は、毎年一月、三月、五月、七月、九月及び十一月の六期に、それぞれの前月までの分を支払う。ただし、前支払期月に支払うべきであつた手当又は支給すべき事由が消滅した場合におけるその期の手当は、その支払期月でない月であつても、支払うものとする。
Article 8Timing of Revision of Allowance Amount
With respect to a person receiving payment of the allowance, the revision of the amount of the allowance in the case where the person newly comes to have a child in custody, etc. is made from the month following the month that includes the day on which the person made a claim for certification for the revised amount.
The provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to the revision under the preceding paragraph.
With respect to a person receiving payment of the allowance, the revision of the amount of the allowance in the case where the number of children in custody, etc. has decreased is made from the month following the month that includes the day of the decrease.
Article 9Restriction on Payment
If the previous year's income of an eligible recipient (excluding a person raising a child who falls under Article 4, paragraph (1), item (i), (b) or (d) and has no mother, a child who falls under item (ii), (b) or (d) of that paragraph and has no father, or any other child specified by Cabinet Order; the same applies hereinafter in this paragraph) is the amount specified by Cabinet Order or more, according to the presence and number of the spouse in the same household and dependents of that person prescribed in the Income Tax Act (Act No. 33 of 1965) (hereinafter referred to as "dependents and similar persons") and of children who are not dependents and similar persons of that eligible recipient but whom that eligible recipient supported as of December 31 of the previous year, the allowance is not paid, in whole or in part, from November of that year to October of the following year, as provided by Cabinet Order.
Where the eligible recipient is a mother and a child in her custody has received from the father payment of the expenses necessary for raising that child, or where the eligible recipient is a father and a child in his custody and sharing a livelihood with him has received from the mother payment of the expenses necessary for raising that child, the amount of income under the preceding paragraph is to be calculated, as provided by Cabinet Order, by deeming the eligible recipient to have received payment of those expenses.
定義第三条第一項・法令全体に適用
十八歳に達する日以後の最初の三月三十一日までの間にある者又は二十歳未満で政令で定める程度の障害の状態にある者
わかりやすく言うと
十八歳に達する日以後の最初の三月三十一日を過ぎていない人と、二十歳未満で政令で定める程度の障害の状態にある人のことです。
略称規定第四条第一項
…次の各号に掲げる場合の区分に応じ、それぞれ当該各号に定める者に対し、児童扶養手当（以下「手当」という。）を支給する。
わかりやすく言うと
この法律による児童扶養手当のことです。都道府県知事や市長などが、父母の婚姻の解消や一方の親の死亡・障害などに当たる児童を監護する母、監護して生計を同じくする父、または父母以外でその児童を養育する人に支給します。
定義第四条第一項
社会福祉法（昭和二十六年法律第四十五号）に定める福祉に関する事務所
わかりやすく言うと
社会福祉法に基づいて都道府県と市が設置し、町村も設置することができる、福祉に関する事務所のことです。
略称規定第四条第一項
都道府県知事、市長（特別区の区長を含む。以下同じ。）及び福祉事務所（社会福祉法（昭和二十六年法律第四十五号）に定める福祉に関する事務所をいう。以下同じ。）を管理する町村長（以下「都道府県知事等」という。）は…
わかりやすく言うと
手当を支給する都道府県知事、市長（特別区の区長を含みます）と、福祉事務所を管理する町村長のことです。
略称規定第五条第二項・この規定及び第五条の二第一項及び第二項の中だけ
…かつ、これと生計を同じくするもの、母が監護するもの又は養育者が養育するもの（以下「監護等児童」という。）が二人以上である父、母又は養育者に支給する手当の額は、前項の規定にかかわらず、同項に定める額（次条第一項及び第二項において「基本額」…
わかりやすく言うと
第五条第一項が定める、手当の一か月あたりの額（四万千百円）のことです。監護等児童が二人以上いるときは、そのうち一人を除いた一人ごとに一万七百五十円がこれに加算されます。
略称規定第五条第二項
第四条に定める要件に該当する児童であつて、父が監護し、かつ、これと生計を同じくするもの、母が監護するもの又は養育者が養育するもの（以下「監護等児童」という。）が二人以上である父、母又は養育者に支給する手当の額は、前項の規定にかかわらず…
わかりやすく言うと
第四条の要件に当たる児童のうち、父が監護して生計を同じくしている児童、母が監護している児童、または養育者が養育している児童のことです。二人以上いるときは、手当の額に加算があります。
略称規定第五条の二第一項
基本額については、総務省において作成する年平均の全国消費者物価指数（以下「物価指数」という。）が平成五年（この項の規定による基本額の改定の措置が講じられたときは、直近の当該措置が講じられた年の前年）の物価指数を超え…
わかりやすく言うと
総務省が作成する年平均の全国消費者物価指数のことです。これが平成五年（改定が行われた後は直近の改定の年の前年）の指数より上がり又は下がったときは、その比率を基準に翌年四月以降の基本額が改定されます。
略称規定第六条第一項
手当の支給要件に該当する者（以下「受給資格者」という。）は、手当の支給を受けようとするときは、その受給資格及び手当の額について、都道府県知事等の認定を受けなければならない。
略称規定第七条第一項・この規定及び第十三条の三第一項の中だけ
手当の支給は、受給資格者が前条の規定による認定の請求をした日の属する月の翌月（第十三条の三第一項において「支給開始月」という。）から始め、手当を支給すべき事由が消滅した日の属する月で終わる。
わかりやすく言うと
手当を受ける資格のある人が都道府県知事などに手当の認定を請求した日の属する月の翌月のことで、手当の支給はこの月から始まります。
略称規定第九条第一項
…その者の所得税法（昭和四十年法律第三十三号）に規定する同一生計配偶者及び扶養親族（以下「扶養親族等」という。）並びに当該受給資格者の扶養親族等でない児童で当該受給資格者が前年の十二月三十一日において生計を維持したものの有無及び数に応じて…
わかりやすく言うと
所得税法でいう同一生計配偶者と扶養親族をあわせた呼び名です。いずれも、その人と生計を一にする配偶者や親族などのうち、所得税法が定める所得などの条件に当たる人です。
特別区
都の区のことです（地方自治法第二百八十一条第一項）。今ある特別区は、東京都の二十三区だけです。特別区は、市町村と同じく住民に身近な地方公共団体（基礎的な地方公共団体）で、都が特別区のある区域全体でまとめて行う仕事を除き、ふつうは市町村が行う仕事を行います（同法第二百八十一条の二第二項）。市の仕事について定めた法令の規定は、その仕事を特別区が行う場合には特別区にも当てはまります（同法第二百八十一条第二項・第二百八十三条第二項）。そのまま当てはめにくいときは、政令で特別の定めを置くことができます（同法第二百八十三条第三項）。
地方自治法第281条・第281条の2・第283条、Wikipedia「特別区」を参考にAIが作成。