第三節 再審
Section 3 Readjudications
Article 103Readjudications
A petition for readjudication may be taken from a ruling or any other judicial decision that has become final and binding (limited to such judicial decision that concludes a case; the same applies in paragraph (5)).
確定した審判その他の裁判(事件を完結するものに限る。第五項において同じ。)に対しては、再審の申立てをすることができる。
With regard to proceedings for readjudication, unless they are contrary to the nature thereof, the provisions concerning proceedings in the respective instances apply mutatis mutandis.
再審の手続には、その性質に反しない限り、各審級における手続に関する規定を準用する。
The provisions of Part IV of the Code of Civil Procedure (excluding the provisions of Articles 341 and 349 of the Code) apply mutatis mutandis to the petition for readjudication set forth in paragraph (1) and the proceedings thereof. In this case, the phrase "conducts a trial and reaches a judicial decision on the merits, within the bounds of the party's protest" in Article 348, paragraph (1) of the Code is to be deemed to be replaced with "conducts proceedings and makes a judicial decision on the merits".
民事訴訟法第四編の規定(同法第三百四十一条及び第三百四十九条の規定を除く。)は、第一項の再審の申立て及びこれに関する手続について準用する。この場合において、同法第三百四十八条第一項中「不服申立ての限度で、本案の審理及び裁判をする」とあるのは、「本案の審理及び裁判をする」と読み替えるものとする。
The immediate appeal filed against an order of commencement of readjudication as set forth in Article 346, paragraph (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding paragraph has the effect of a stay of execution.
前項において準用する民事訴訟法第三百四十六条第一項の再審開始の決定に対する即時抗告は、執行停止の効力を有する。
An immediate appeal may be filed against an order to dismiss a petition for readjudication against a ruling or any other judicial decision pursuant to the provisions of Article 348, paragraph (2) of the Code of Civil Procedure as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (3), only by a person who may file an immediate appeal against the ruling or judicial decision.
第三項において準用する民事訴訟法第三百四十八条第二項の規定により審判その他の裁判に対する再審の申立てを棄却する決定に対しては、当該審判その他の裁判に対し即時抗告をすることができる者に限り、即時抗告をすることができる。
Article 104Judicial Decision of a Stay of Execution
When the petition for readjudication set forth in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article is filed, and if the circumstances alleged as reasons for an appeal appear to be legally well-grounded, a prima facie showing is made on factual matters, and a prima facie showing is made to the effect that execution is likely to cause damage that cannot be compensated for, the court may, upon petition, order a temporary stay of compulsory execution while requiring or not requiring the provision of security, or order the revocation of the disposition of execution already taken while requiring the provision of security.
裁判所は、前条第一項の再審の申立てがあった場合において、不服の理由として主張した事情が法律上理由があるとみえ、事実上の点につき疎明があり、かつ、執行により償うことができない損害が生ずるおそれがあることにつき疎明があったときは、申立てにより、担保を立てさせて、若しくは立てさせないで強制執行の一時の停止を命じ、又は担保を立てさせて既にした執行処分の取消しを命ずることができる。
No appeal may be entered against a judicial decision on a petition filed under the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
前項の規定による申立てについての裁判に対しては、不服を申し立てることができない。
The provisions of Article 95, paragraphs (2) and (3) apply mutatis mutandis to the security deposit and security if security is provided under the provisions of paragraph (1).
第四節 審判前の保全処分
Section 4 Provisional Order Prior to Rulings
Article 105Provisional Order Prior to Rulings
A family court before which a case for adjudication of domestic relations on the merits (if a petition for mediation of domestic relations is filed with regard to the matter addressed in a case for adjudication of domestic relations, the case for mediation of domestic relations) is pending may make a ruling to order provisional seizure, provisional disposition or the appointment of an administrator of property or any other necessary provisional orders, as provided for by this Act.
本案の家事審判事件(家事審判事件に係る事項について家事調停の申立てがあった場合にあっては、その家事調停事件)が係属する家庭裁判所は、この法律の定めるところにより、仮差押え、仮処分、財産の管理者の選任その他の必要な保全処分を命ずる審判をすることができる。
When a case for adjudication of domestic relations on the merits is pending before a high court, that high court makes a judicial decision in lieu of the ruling set forth in the preceding paragraph.
本案の家事審判事件が高等裁判所に係属する場合には、その高等裁判所が、前項の審判に代わる裁判をする。
Article 106Petition for a Provisional Order Prior to Rulings
A petition for a provisional order prior to a ruling (the provisional order means the ruling set forth in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article and a judicial decision in lieu of the ruling set forth in paragraph (2) of the Article; the same applies hereinafter) must be filed by clarifying the purpose thereof and the grounds for seeking a provisional order.
A petitioner for a provisional order prior to a ruling must make a prima facie showing of the grounds for seeking a provisional order.
審判前の保全処分の申立人は、保全処分を求める事由を疎明しなければならない。
When a petition for a provisional order prior to a ruling is filed, the family court (or a high court in the case set forth in paragraph (2) of the preceding Article) may, when it finds it to be necessary, investigate the facts and examine evidence by its own authority.
A petition for a provisional order prior to a ruling may be withdrawn in whole or in part even after a provisional order prior to a ruling is issued.
審判前の保全処分の申立ては、審判前の保全処分があった後であっても、その全部又は一部を取り下げることができる。
Article 107Hearing Statements
A provisional order prior to a ruling, which is to order a provisional disposition to determine a provisional status, may not be issued without hearing statements from a person who is to be subject to adjudication; provided, however, that this does not apply when there are circumstances where taking the step to hear the person's statements makes it impossible to achieve the purpose of the provisional order.
審判前の保全処分のうち仮の地位を定める仮処分を命ずるものは、審判を受ける者となるべき者の陳述を聴かなければ、することができない。ただし、その陳述を聴く手続を経ることにより保全処分の目的を達することができない事情があるときは、この限りでない。
Article 108Inspection of Records
Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 47, paragraph (3), when a party files a petition for permission under the provisions of paragraph (1) or (2) of the Article with regard to a case for a provisional order prior to a ruling, the family court (or a high court in the case set forth in Article 105, paragraph (2)) may grant permission only when it finds it to be appropriate and only before it gives notice to a person who is to be subject to adjudication in the case for a provisional order prior to a ruling, of the fact that the case is now pending before it, or gives notice of a provisional order prior to a ruling.
Article 109Rulings
A provisional order prior to a ruling is to be issued based on a prima facie showing.
審判前の保全処分は、疎明に基づいてする。
The provisions of proviso to Article 74, paragraph (2) do not apply to a provisional order prior to a ruling.
The execution and effect of a provisional order prior to a ruling is governed by the Civil Provisional Remedies Act (Act No. 91 of 1989) and other laws and regulations concerning the execution and effect of a provisional seizure and a provisional disposition. In this case, the phrase "the district court which has jurisdiction over the location of the property to be provisionally seized or the disputed subject matter" in Article 45 of the Act is deemed to be replaced with "the family court before which a case for adjudication of domestic relations on the merits (if a petition for mediation of domestic relations is filed with regard to the matter addressed in a case for adjudication of domestic relations, the case for mediation of domestic relations) is pending (if the case for adjudication of domestic relations is pending before a high court, the court of prior instance)."
審判前の保全処分の執行及び効力は、民事保全法(平成元年法律第九十一号)その他の仮差押え及び仮処分の執行及び効力に関する法令の規定に従う。この場合において、同法第四十五条中「仮に差し押さえるべき物又は係争物の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所」とあるのは、「本案の家事審判事件(家事審判事件に係る事項について家事調停の申立てがあった場合にあっては、その家事調停事件)が係属している家庭裁判所(当該家事審判事件が高等裁判所に係属しているときは、原裁判所)」とする。
Article 110Immediate Appeals
A petitioner for a provisional order prior to a ruling (excluding the judicial decision in lieu of a ruling set forth in Article 105, paragraph (2); the same applies in the following paragraph) may file an immediate appeal against a ruling to dismiss the petition; provided, however, that this does not apply to a ruling to dismiss a petition for any of the following provisional orders:
a provisional order for the appointment of an administrator of property or for the instructions on the administration of property, etc. under the provisions of Article 126, paragraph (1) (including the cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 134, paragraph (1) and Article 143, paragraph (1)), Article 158, paragraph (1) (including the cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 242, paragraph (3)), and Article 200, paragraph (1); and
a provisional order for the appointment of a person acting as a representative under the provisions of Article 127, paragraph (1) (including the cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 135, Article 144, Article 181, and Article 225, paragraph (1)), Article 166, paragraph (1) (including the cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (5) of the Article), Article 174, paragraph (1) (including the cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 242, paragraph (3)), Article 175, paragraph (3), and Article 215, paragraph (1).
A person who may file an immediate appeal against a ruling on a petition for adjudication of domestic relations on the merits (excluding a ruling to dismiss a petition) may file an immediate appeal against a provisional order prior to a ruling (excluding a ruling to issue any of the provisional orders set forth in the items of the preceding paragraph).
Article 111Stay of Execution upon the Filing of an Immediate Appeal
When an immediate appeal is filed under the provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article, and if a prima facie showing is made with regard to the circumstances which will obviously be the grounds for revocation of the ruling in the prior instance and the likelihood that the execution of the ruling in the prior instance will cause damage that cannot be compensated for, the court in charge of appeal may, upon petition, order a stay of execution of the ruling in the prior instance while requiring the provision of security immediately or on condition that security will be provided or while not requiring it, or order the revocation of a disposition of execution already made while requiring the provision of security immediately or on condition that security will be provided, until a judicial decision on the immediate appeal becomes effective. A family court may also issue these orders while it retains a record of the case for a provisional order prior to a ruling.
The provisions of Article 106, paragraphs (2) and (3) apply mutatis mutandis to the petition set forth in the preceding paragraph.
Article 112Revocation of a Provisional Order Prior to a Ruling
When a provisional order prior to a ruling has become final and binding, and the grounds for seeking a provisional order have ceased to exist or when otherwise the circumstances have changed thereafter, the family court before which a case for adjudication of domestic relations on the merits (if a petition for the mediation of domestic relations is filed with regard to the matter addressed in a case for adjudication of domestic relations, the case for mediation of domestic relations) is pending or the family court that has made the provisional order prior to a ruling may make a ruling to revoke the provisional order prior to a ruling upon the petition of a person who may file an immediate appeal against a ruling on a petition for adjudication of domestic relations on the merits (excluding a ruling to dismiss a petition) or by its own authority.
審判前の保全処分が確定した後に、保全処分を求める事由の消滅その他の事情の変更があるときは、本案の家事審判事件(家事審判事件に係る事項について家事調停の申立てがあった場合にあっては、その家事調停事件)が係属する家庭裁判所又は審判前の保全処分をした家庭裁判所は、本案の家事審判の申立てについての審判(申立てを却下する審判を除く。)に対し即時抗告をすることができる者の申立てにより又は職権で、審判前の保全処分の取消しの審判をすることができる。
Where a case for adjudication of domestic relations on the merits is pending before a high court, that high court makes a judicial decision in lieu of the ruling to revoke a provisional order prior to a ruling set forth in the preceding paragraph.
The provisions of Article 106 and Article 109, paragraphs (1) and (2) apply mutatis mutandis to the ruling to revoke a provisional order prior to a ruling set forth in paragraph (1) and to the judicial decision set forth in the preceding paragraph.
Article 113Immediate Appeals
A petitioner for the ruling to revoke a provisional order prior to a ruling set forth in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article may file an immediate appeal against a ruling to dismiss the petition (excluding a ruling to dismiss a petition for revocation of any of the provisional orders set forth in the items of Article 110, paragraph (1)).
A petitioner for a provisional order prior to a ruling may file an immediate appeal against the ruling to revoke a provisional order prior to a ruling set forth in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article (excluding a ruling to revoke any of the provisional orders set forth in the items of Article 110, paragraph (1)), and against a ruling of restoration under the provisions of Article 33 of the Civil Provisional Remedies Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 115.
The provisions of Article 111 apply mutatis mutandis to a stay of execution upon the filing of an immediate appeal under the preceding two paragraphs.
Article 114Preparation of Records
A court clerk must prepare records regarding a date for proceedings for a provisional order prior to a ruling; provided, however, that this does not apply if the presiding judge finds it to be unnecessary to prepare the records.
裁判所書記官は、審判前の保全処分の手続の期日について、調書を作成しなければならない。ただし、裁判長においてその必要がないと認めるときは、この限りでない。
The provisions of Article 46 do not apply to proceedings for a provisional order prior to a ruling.
Article 115Application Mutatis Mutandis of the Civil Provisional Remedies Act
The provisions of Article 4 of the Civil Provisional Remedies Act apply mutatis mutandis to the security required in proceedings for a provisional order prior to a ruling; Articles 14, 15, and 20 through 24 of the Act (excluding Article 23, paragraph (4) of the Act) apply mutatis mutandis to a provisional order prior to a ruling; Article 33 of the Act applies mutatis mutandis to a judicial decision to revoke a provisional order prior to a ruling; and Article 34 of the Act applies mutatis mutandis to the ruling to revoke a provisional order prior to a ruling set forth in Article 112, paragraph (1).
第五節 戸籍の記載等の嘱託
Section 5 Commissioned Family Registers Entry-Making
Article 116
In the following cases, a court clerk must, without delay, commission a person who administers affairs relating to family registers or a registry office to make an entry in a family register or make a registration as provided in the Act on Guardianship Registration, etc. (Act No. 152 of 1999), as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court; provided, however, that this only applies to the cases specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court as requiring an entry in a family register or registration under the Act to be commissioned to the person or office:
裁判所書記官は、次に掲げる場合には、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、遅滞なく、戸籍事務を管掌する者又は登記所に対し、戸籍の記載又は後見登記等に関する法律(平成十一年法律第百五十二号)に定める登記を嘱託しなければならない。ただし、戸籍の記載又は同法に定める登記の嘱託を要するものとして最高裁判所規則で定めるものに限る。
when a ruling on any of the matters set forth in Appended Table 1 or a judicial decision in lieu of the ruling becomes effective; and
別表第一に掲げる事項についての審判又はこれに代わる裁判が効力を生じた場合
when a provisional order prior to a ruling becomes effective or loses its effect.
審判前の保全処分が効力を生じ、又は効力を失った場合
定義第百六条第一項
前条第一項の審判及び同条第二項の審判に代わる裁判
わかりやすく言うと
家事審判の手続(家事審判で扱う事柄について家事調停が申し立てられたときはその調停の手続)が進んでいる家庭裁判所が、仮差押え、仮処分、財産の管理者の選任などの必要な保全処分を命じる審判のことです。家事審判が高等裁判所で進んでいるときに、高等裁判所がこれに代えてする裁判も含みます。
戸籍
人の出生や婚姻、親子関係などを記録する公の帳簿で、本籍を定めた夫婦と、その夫婦と同じ氏の子ごとに作られます。外国人と結婚した人や配偶者のいない人について新しく戸籍を作るときは、その人と、その人と同じ氏の子ごとに作られます(戸籍法第六条)。戸籍の事務は、法律に別の定めがある場合を除き、市町村長(東京都の特別区や政令指定都市の区では区長)が行います(同法第一条・第四条)。一人ひとりについて、本籍のほか、氏名とその振り仮名、生年月日、戸籍に入った理由と日付、父母、養子であれば養親、夫婦であることなどが記載されます(同法第十三条)。記載は、出生・婚姻・離婚・死亡などの届出(同法第四十九条・第七十四条・第七十六条・第八十六条)や、報告、申請、裁判などにもとづいて行われます(同法第十五条)。日本人と外国人の婚姻の届出があったときは、夫婦ではなくその日本人について新しい戸籍が作られます。ただし、その日本人がすでに自分の戸籍の筆頭に記載されているときは、新しい戸籍は作られません(同法第六条・第十六条第三項)。日本に住所のある中長期在留者や特別永住者などの外国人は、その市町村の住民票に記載されます。その住民票には、戸籍の表示の代わりに国籍などが記載され、中長期在留者であれば在留資格や在留期間も記載されます(住民基本台帳法第三十条の四十五)。これらにあたらない外国人は、住民票に記載されません(同法第三十九条)。
戸籍法第1条・第4条・第6条・第13条・第15条・第16条・第49条・第74条・第76条・第86条、住民基本台帳法第7条・第30条の45・第39条を参考にAIが作成。
登記
法務局や地方法務局、その支局・出張所である登記所が備える公の帳簿に記録して、権利や事項を公示することです(不動産登記法第一条・第六条第一項)。土地や建物の所有権、地上権、先取特権、抵当権、賃借権などは不動産登記法に基づいて登記することができ(同法第三条)、商法や会社法などの規定で登記すべき事項は商業登記法に基づいて登記されます(商業登記法第一条)。登記をすると、権利などを第三者に対抗(主張)できるようになります。土地や建物の所有権などの物権を取得したり、失ったり、変更したりしたことは、登記をしなければ第三者に対抗することができず(民法第百七十七条)、会社法の規定で登記すべき事項は、登記の後でなければ、そのことを知らない第三者に対抗することができず、登記の後でも、正当な事由によって登記があることを知らなかった第三者には対抗することができません(会社法第九百八条第一項)。
不動産登記法第1条・第3条・第6条、商業登記法第1条、民法第177条、会社法第908条を参考にAIが作成。