第十六節 相続人の不存在に関する審判事件
Section 16 Adjudication Cases Regarding Nonexistence of an Heir
Article 203Jurisdiction
The adjudication cases set forth in the following items are subject to the jurisdiction of the family courts specified respectively in these items:
次の各号に掲げる審判事件は、当該各号に定める家庭裁判所の管轄に属する。
an adjudication case for a disposition regarding the liquidation of an estate in the event of the nonexistence of an heir:the family court which has jurisdiction over the place where an inheritance process has commenced;
相続人の不存在の場合における相続財産の清算に関する処分の審判事件 相続が開始した地を管轄する家庭裁判所
an adjudication case for the appointment of an appraiser in the event of nonexistence of an heir (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (100)):the family court that has made a ruling of the appointment of a liquidator of the estate in an adjudication case for a disposition regarding the liquidation of the estate in the event of nonexistence of an heir; and
相続人の不存在の場合における鑑定人の選任の審判事件(別表第一の百の項の事項についての審判事件をいう。) 相続人の不存在の場合における相続財産の清算に関する処分の審判事件において相続財産の清算人の選任の審判をした家庭裁判所
an adjudication case for the distribution of an estate to a person with a special connection (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (101); the same applies in paragraph (2) of the following Article and Article 207):the family court which has jurisdiction over the place where an inheritance process has commenced.
Article 204Ruling of Distribution of an Estate to Persons with Special Connections
A ruling on a petition for the distribution of an estate to a person with a special connection must be made after three months have passed from the date of expiration of the period set forth in Article 952, paragraph (2) of the Civil Code.
特別縁故者に対する相続財産の分与の申立てについての審判は、民法第九百五十二条第二項の期間の満了後三月を経過した後にしなければならない。
When two or more adjudication cases for the distribution of an estate to persons with special connections are pending simultaneously with regard to the same estate, those proceedings and rulings must be consolidated.
同一の相続財産に関し特別縁故者に対する相続財産の分与の審判事件が数個同時に係属するときは、これらの審判の手続及び審判は、併合してしなければならない。
Article 205Hearings of Opinions
When making a ruling on a petition for the distribution of an estate to a person with a special connection, the family court must hear the opinion of a liquidator of the estate appointed pursuant to the provisions of Article 952, paragraph (1) of the Civil Code or appointed as a replacement pursuant to the provisions of Article 125, paragraph (1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 208 (hereinafter simply referred to as a "liquidator of the estate" in the following Article and Article 207).
家庭裁判所は、特別縁故者に対する相続財産の分与の申立てについての審判をする場合には、民法第九百五十二条第一項の規定により選任し、又は第二百八条において準用する第百二十五条第一項の規定により改任した相続財産の清算人(次条及び第二百七条において単に「相続財産の清算人」という。)の意見を聴かなければならない。
Article 206Immediate Appeals
An immediate appeal may be filed against the rulings set forth in the following items by the persons specified respectively in these items:
次の各号に掲げる審判に対しては、当該各号に定める者は、即時抗告をすることができる。
a ruling of the distribution of an estate to a person with a special connection:the petitioner and a liquidator of the estate; and
特別縁故者に対する相続財産の分与の審判 申立人及び相続財産の清算人
a ruling to dismiss a petition for the distribution of an estate to a person with a special connection:the petitioner.
特別縁故者に対する相続財産の分与の申立てを却下する審判 申立人
Where rulings are made in a consolidated manner pursuant to the provisions of Article 204, paragraph (2), an immediate appeal filed by one of the petitioners or a liquidator of the estate is effective in relation to all the petitioners.
Article 207Judicial Decisions to Order the Conversion of an Estate into Cash
The provisions of Article 194, paragraph (1), the main clause of paragraph (2), paragraphs (3) through (5), and paragraph (7) apply mutatis mutandis to an adjudication case for the distribution of an estate to a person with a special connection. In this case, the term "heir" in paragraphs (1) and (7) of that Article and the phrase "hear the opinion of an heir and order the heir" in paragraph (2) of that Article are deemed to be replaced with "liquidator of the estate" and "order the liquidator of the estate" respectively; the term "heir" in paragraph (3) of that Article is deemed to be replaced with "petitioner for the distribution of an estate to a person with a special connection or liquidator of the estate"; the term "the parties" in paragraph (4) of that Article is deemed to be replaced with "the petitioner"; and the term "heir" in paragraph (5) of that Article is deemed to be replaced with "petitioner for the distribution of an estate to a person with a special connection and liquidator of the estate".
Article 208Application Mutatis Mutandis of Provisions Concerning the Replacement of an Administrator
The provisions of Article 125 apply mutatis mutandis to an adjudication case for a disposition regarding the liquidation of an estate in the event of the nonexistence of an heir. In this case, the phrase "property of an adult under guardianship" in paragraph (3) of that Article is deemed to be replaced with "an estate".
略称規定第二百五条第一項・この規定及び第二百六条及び第二百七条の中だけ
…民法第九百五十二条第一項の規定により選任し、又は第二百八条において準用する第百二十五条第一項の規定により改任した相続財産の清算人(次条及び第二百七条において単に「相続財産の清算人」という。)の意見を聴かなければならない。
わかりやすく言うと
相続人がいるかどうか明らかでないときに、利害関係人又は検察官の請求で家庭裁判所が選ぶ相続財産の清算人のことです(民法第九百五十二条第一項)。家庭裁判所が改めて選び直した(改任した)清算人も含みます。