第一節 通則
Section 1 General Rules
Article 3Juveniles Subject to Trial and Decision
A juvenile to whom any of the following items applies is subjected to a trial and decision of the family court:
次に掲げる少年は、これを家庭裁判所の審判に付する。
a juvenile under 14 years of age whose actions violate criminal laws or regulations;
十四歳に満たないで刑罰法令に触れる行為をした少年
a juvenile who, due to any of the following reasons and taking into consideration the juvenile's character or environment, is likely to commit a crime or violate criminal laws or regulations:
次に掲げる事由があつて、その性格又は環境に照して、将来、罪を犯し、又は刑罰法令に触れる行為をする虞のある少年
has a tendency not to abide by their parent or guardian's proper supervision;
保護者の正当な監督に服しない性癖のあること。
stays away from home without just cause;
正当の理由がなく家庭に寄り附かないこと。
associates with persons of a criminal nature or who are immoral, or frequent questionable places;
犯罪性のある人若しくは不道徳な人と交際し、又はいかがわしい場所に出入すること。
has a tendency to act in a way that harms one's own moral character or that of others.
自己又は他人の徳性を害する行為をする性癖のあること。
The family court may subject a juvenile, as prescribed in item (ii) of the preceding paragraph or a juvenile as prescribed in item (iii) of that paragraph, who is under 14 years of age to a trial and decision only when a prefectural governor or a director of a child guidance center refers the juvenile to the family court.
Article 4Assistant Judge's Authority
An assistant judge may give a judicial decision, other than the ruling prescribed in Article 20, paragraph (1), by themselves.
第二十条第一項の決定以外の裁判は、判事補が一人でこれをすることができる。
Article 5Jurisdiction
Jurisdiction for protection cases is based on the place where the juvenile committed the act, their domicile or residence, or current location.
保護事件の管轄は、少年の行為地、住所、居所又は現在地による。
The family court, by a ruling, may transfer a case to another family court with jurisdiction if the court finds it particularly necessary to ensure appropriate protection of the juvenile.
家庭裁判所は、保護の適正を期するため特に必要があると認めるときは、決定をもつて、事件を他の管轄家庭裁判所に移送することができる。
If the family court finds that a case is not under its jurisdiction, by a ruling, it must transfer the case to a family court that does have jurisdiction.
家庭裁判所は、事件がその管轄に属しないと認めるときは、決定をもつて、これを管轄家庭裁判所に移送しなければならない。
Article 5-2Inspection and Copying of Records by the Victim
If, after the ruling prescribed by Article 21 is made, the victim, etc. of the protection case (meaning the victim, the victim's statutory agent or their spouse, lineal relative or sibling, if the victim has died or suffers serious mental or physical conditions; this also applies below) or the attorney appointed by the victim, etc. requests pursuant to the Rules of the Supreme Court to inspect or copy the records retained by the court on the relevant protection case as specified in Article 3, paragraph (1), item (i) or (ii) (except those collected by the family court exclusively for its determination on the need for protection of the juvenile, and those created or collected by a family court investigating officer that contribute to the family court's determination on the need for protection of the juvenile) , the court authorizes the applicant to inspect or copy the records, except when the court finds the request for inspection or copying has been filed on unjust grounds or the court finds it inappropriate to permit inspection or copying considering the impact it will have on the sound development of the juvenile, the nature of the case, the status of investigation or trial and decision, or other circumstances.
裁判所は、第三条第一項第一号又は第二号に掲げる少年に係る保護事件について、第二十一条の決定があつた後、最高裁判所規則の定めるところにより当該保護事件の被害者等(被害者又はその法定代理人若しくは被害者が死亡した場合若しくはその心身に重大な故障がある場合におけるその配偶者、直系の親族若しくは兄弟姉妹をいう。以下同じ。)又は被害者等から委託を受けた弁護士から、その保管する当該保護事件の記録(家庭裁判所が専ら当該少年の保護の必要性を判断するために収集したもの及び家庭裁判所調査官が家庭裁判所による当該少年の保護の必要性の判断に資するよう作成し又は収集したものを除く。)の閲覧又は謄写の申出があるときは、閲覧又は謄写を求める理由が正当でないと認める場合及び少年の健全な育成に対する影響、事件の性質、調査又は審判の状況その他の事情を考慮して閲覧又は謄写をさせることが相当でないと認める場合を除き、申出をした者にその閲覧又は謄写をさせるものとする。
The request stated in the preceding paragraph may not be filed, when three years have passed since the ruling to close the protection case on the request had become final and binding.
前項の申出は、その申出に係る保護事件を終局させる決定が確定した後三年を経過したときは、することができない。
The person who inspected or copied the records pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) must neither divulge the name or other matters concerning personal circumstances of the juvenile acquired through the inspection or copying without reasonable grounds nor use any matters obtained through the inspection or copying in an unauthorized manner to hinder the sound development of the juvenile, damage the reputation or peaceful existence of any person concerned, or cause impediment to an investigation, or trial and decision.
Article 5-3Inspection or Copying Fee
The provisions of Articles 7 through 10 and row 1 of Appended Table 3 (excluding the phrase "excluding those requested by the party, etc. while the case is pending" in the left-hand column of that row) of the Act on the Costs of Civil Proceedings (Act No. 40 of 1971) apply mutatis mutandis to the fee for inspection or copying of the record pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article unless contrary to its nature.
第二節 通告、警察官の調査等
Section 2 Notification, Investigation by Police Officers
Article 6Notification
A person who has discovered a juvenile who should be subjected to a trial and decision of the family court, must notify the family court of this.
家庭裁判所の審判に付すべき少年を発見した者は、これを家庭裁判所に通告しなければならない。
A police officer or the parent or guardian may directly notify the child guidance center regarding a juvenile, if it is found appropriate to subject the juvenile prescribed in Article 3, paragraph (1), item (iii) to the measures under the Child Welfare Act (Act No. 164 of 1947) instead of direct referral or notification to the family court.
Article 6-2Investigation by Police Officers
A police officer may conduct an investigation on a case, if they discover a person that they have reasonable grounds to suspect, based on objective circumstances and in a reasonable manner, is a juvenile as specified in Article 3, paragraph (1), item (ii), if necessary.
The investigation stated in the preceding paragraph is to be conducted to clarify the facts of the case, while taking into consideration the protection of the juvenile's emotional stability, and as a result contributing to the measures for the juvenile's sound development.
A police officer may have police personnel (other than police officers) with expertise in juvenile psychology and other characteristics to conduct an investigation (excluding the dispositions prescribed in Article 6-5, paragraph (1)) pursuant to the Rules of the National Public Safety Commission.
Article 6-3Attendant During Investigation
The juvenile and parent or guardian may, at any time, appoint an attendant who is an attorney-at-law for the investigation as prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article.
Article 6-4Summons, Questioning and Report Request
A police officer may summon the juvenile, the parent or guardian, or person of reference for questioning, if necessary for the investigation.
The questioning stated in the preceding paragraph must not be conducted forcibly.
前項の質問に当たつては、強制にわたることがあつてはならない。
A police officer may inquire to public offices, or public or private organizations, about reporting any necessary matters relating to the investigation.
警察官は、調査について、公務所又は公私の団体に照会して必要な事項の報告を求めることができる。
Article 6-5Seizure, Search, Inspection, Expert Examination Request, etc.
A police officer may, when necessary for conducting an investigation of a case concerning a juvenile prescribed in Article 3, paragraph (1), item (ii), conduct seizure (including an order to provide electronic or magnetic records prescribed in Article 102-2, paragraph (1) of the Code of Criminal Procedure (Act No. 131 of 1948) (limited to an order for provision by the method prescribed in item (i), (a) of that paragraph); the same applies in the following paragraph and Article 15), search, an order to provide electronic or magnetic records prescribed in Article 102-2, paragraph (1) of that Code (limited to an order for provision by the method prescribed in (b) of that item; referred to simply as the "order to provide electronic or magnetic records" in the following paragraph and Article 15), inspection, or request for an expert examination.
The provisions in the Code of Criminal Procedure for seizure, search, order to provide electronic or magnetic records, inspection, and request for an expert examination to be conducted by judicial police officer (excluding Article 224 of that Code) apply mutatis mutandis to the case referred to in the preceding paragraph. In this case, the term "judicial police officer" in these provisions is deemed to be replaced with "police officer who is a judicial police officer" and the term "judicial constable" with "police officer who is a judicial constable"; in Article 499, paragraph (1) of that Code, the term "public prosecutor" is deemed to be replaced with "Superintendent General of the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department, Chief of Prefectural Police Headquarters, or Police Station Chief" and the term "Cabinet Order" with "the Rules of the National Public Safety Commission"; and in paragraph (3) of that Article, the term "national treasury" is deemed to be replaced with "prefecture where the relevant prefectural police or police station is located".
Article 6-6Referral by Police Officer
A police officer must refer the case, together with the documents on the investigation, to the director of a child guidance center, if the case falls under any of the following items as a result of the investigation:
警察官は、調査の結果、次の各号のいずれかに該当するときは、当該調査に係る書類とともに事件を児童相談所長に送致しなければならない。
a case concerning a juvenile as prescribed in Article 3, paragraph (1), item (ii), in which they are considered to have committed a violation of criminal laws and regulations concerning the following crimes:
an intentional criminal act which caused the death of a victim
故意の犯罪行為により被害者を死亡させた罪
beyond what is stated in item (a), any crime punishable by death penalty, or imprisonment for life or imprisonment with a minimum term of two years or more
イに掲げるもののほか、死刑又は無期若しくは短期二年以上の拘禁刑に当たる罪
any case, in addition to what is prescribed in the preceding item, when it is considered appropriate to refer a case involving a juvenile as prescribed in Article 3, paragraph (1), item (ii), to a family court for trial and decision.
The police officer must send the family court any evidence obtained in relation to a case referred to the director of a child guidance center pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph if the measures prescribed in Article 27, paragraph (1), item (iv) of the Child Welfare Act have been implemented.
警察官は、前項の規定により児童相談所長に送致した事件について、児童福祉法第二十七条第一項第四号の措置がとられた場合において、証拠物があるときは、これを家庭裁判所に送付しなければならない。
If a police officer notifies a child guidance center of a juvenile subject to investigation pursuant to the provisions of Article 25, paragraph (1) of the Child Welfare Act, except when the case is referred pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), then the police officer is to provide the child guidance center with the outline and results of the investigation which will serve as a reference for the implementation of measures under that Act, pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the National Public Safety Commission.
Article 6-7Referral by a Prefectural Governor or Director of a Child Guidance Center
A prefectural governor or a director of a child guidance center must implement the measures prescribed in Article 27, paragraph (1), item (iv) of the Child Welfare Act in a case referred to the governor or the director pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article (limited to the part concerning item (i)); provided, however, that this does not apply when it is found unnecessary to do so as a result of the investigation.
If it is necessary to take a compulsory measure, that may unintentionally restrict or deprive the child's freedom, to a juvenile to whom the Child Welfare Act applies, a prefectural governor or a director of a child guidance center must refer the case to the family court, except when it is found to be permitted to take the measures pursuant to the provisions of Articles 33, 33-2 and 47 of that Act.
都道府県知事又は児童相談所長は、児童福祉法の適用がある少年について、たまたま、その行動の自由を制限し、又はその自由を奪うような強制的措置を必要とするときは、同法第三十三条、第三十三条の二及び第四十七条の規定により認められる場合を除き、これを家庭裁判所に送致しなければならない。
Article 7Family Court Investigating Officer's Report
If any juvenile subject to trial and decision of the family court is found, then a family court investigating officer must report this to a judge.
家庭裁判所調査官は、家庭裁判所の審判に付すべき少年を発見したときは、これを裁判官に報告しなければならない。
A family court investigating officer may investigate the circumstances surrounding the juvenile and the parent or guardian before the reporting stated in the preceding paragraph.
第三節 調査及び審判
Section 3 Investigation, and Trial and Decision
Article 8Investigation of Cases
When the family court considers that a juvenile should be subject to trial and decision following the notification prescribed in Article 6, paragraph (1) or the reporting prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, it must investigate the case involving the juvenile. This also applies when a public prosecutor, a judicial police officer, a police officer, a prefectural governor or a child guidance center's director sends a juvenile case to be referred to a trial and decision by the family court.
The family court may order a family court investigating officer to interview a juvenile, parent or guardian, or person of reference, and to carry out other necessary investigation.
Article 9Investigation Policy
The investigation prescribed in the preceding Article must be carried out by making use of medical, psychological, pedagogical, sociological and any other specialized knowledge as much as possible, regarding conduct, background, temperament, and environment of the juvenile, the parent or guardian, and other concerned persons, and in particular, the results of classifications conducted by the juvenile classification home.
Article 9-2Hearing of Opinions by Victims upon Request
The family court is to hear by itself, or order a family court investigating officer to hear from the victim, etc. of a juvenile case, as prescribed in Article 3, paragraph (1), item (i) or (ii) about their feelings and other opinions on the case upon their request pursuant to the Rules of the Supreme Court; provided, however, that this does not apply if it is found inappropriate considering the nature of the case, the state of investigation or trial and decision of the family court, or other circumstances.
Article 10Attendant
A juvenile or a parent or guardian, legal representative, curator, spouse, lineal relative, or sibling of a juvenile may, with the family court's permission, appoint an attendant; provided, however, that no permission is needed to appoint an attorney-at-law as the attendant.
A parent or guardian may serve as attendant if permitted by the family court.
保護者は、家庭裁判所の許可を受けて、付添人となることができる。
定義第五条の二第一項
被害者又はその法定代理人若しくは被害者が死亡した場合若しくはその心身に重大な故障がある場合におけるその配偶者、直系の親族若しくは兄弟姉妹
略称規定第六条の五第一項・この規定及び第六条の五第二項及び第十五条の中だけ
…捜索、同法第百二条の二第一項に規定する電磁的記録提供命令(同号ロに掲げる方法による提供を命ずるものに限る。次項及び第十五条において単に「電磁的記録提供命令」という。)、検証又は鑑定の嘱託をすることができる。
わかりやすく言うと
必要な電磁的記録の提供を命じる命令(刑事訴訟法第百二条の二第一項)のうち、電気通信回線を通じて、命令をする側が管理する記録媒体に記録させ又は移転させる方法で提供させるものです。警察官は、十四歳未満で刑罰法令に触れる行為をした少年の事件の調査に必要があるとき、これをすることができます。
拘禁刑
刑事施設に拘置する刑です。無期と有期があり、有期は一月以上二十年以下です(刑法第十二条第一項・第二項)。刑を加重するときは三十年まで上げ、減軽するときは一月未満に下げることができます(同法第十四条第二項)。改善更生を図るため、必要な作業を行わせ、又は必要な指導を行うことができます(同法第十二条第三項)。主刑の中では死刑の次に重く、罰金より重い刑です(同法第九条・第十条第一項)。刑法等の一部を改正する法律(令和四年法律第六十七号)の施行により、懲役と禁錮に代わって設けられました(同法第二条)。懲役又は禁錮に処せられた人は、人の資格に関する法令の適用については、刑期を同じくする拘禁刑に処せられた人とみなされます(令和四年法律第六十八号第四百四十三条第一項)。
刑法第9条・第10条・第12条・第14条、令和4年法律第67号第2条、令和4年法律第68号第443条を参考にAIが作成。
警察署長
警察署の長です。警察法は、都道府県の区域を分けて、各地域を管轄する警察署を置き、警察署に署長を置きます(警察法第五十三条第一項・第二項)。警察署長は、警視総監、警察本部長、方面本部長などの指揮監督を受けて、管轄区域内の警察の事務を処理し、所属の警察職員を指揮監督します(警察法第五十三条第三項)。道路交通法では、道路で工事をしたり、道路に工作物や露店を設けたり、そのほか一般交通に大きな影響を及ぼすような使い方として公安委員会が定めたやり方で道路を使ったりしようとする人は、その場所を管轄する警察署長の許可を受けなければなりません(道路交通法第七十七条第一項)。遺失物法では、物を拾った人は、速やかに、落とし主に返すか警察署長に提出しなければなりません。持つことが禁じられている物や犯人が持っていたと思われる物は、警察署長に提出します(遺失物法第四条第一項)。駅や店などの施設の中で拾った物は、その施設の管理者に渡します(同条第二項)。
警察法第48条・第51条・第53条、道路交通法第77条、遺失物法第4条を参考にAIが作成。
検察官
犯罪について、裁判所に訴えを起こす(公訴を行う)役目を負う者です(刑事訴訟法第二百四十七条)。犯人の性格、年齢や境遇、犯罪の重さや事情、犯罪の後の状況から、訴える必要がないと考えるときは、訴えを起こさないことができます(刑事訴訟法第二百四十八条)。刑事の事件では、裁判所に法を正しく当てはめるよう求め、裁判の執行を監督します。また、社会全体の利益を代表して、ほかの法令が検察官に任せた仕事も行い、それは刑事の事件に限りません(検察庁法第四条)。どのような犯罪についても捜査をすることができます(検察庁法第六条第一項)。検察官の仕事は検察庁がまとめており、検察庁には最高検察庁、高等検察庁、地方検察庁、区検察庁があります(検察庁法第一条)。
刑事訴訟法第247条・第248条、検察庁法第1条・第4条・第6条を参考にAIが作成。