Article 11Summons and Escort
The family court may issue a summons to a juvenile or parent or guardian and summon them when it is found necessary for the investigation or trial and decision of the case.
The family court may issue an escort warrant for a juvenile or a parent or guardian and escort them if they fail to comply with, or are likely to fail to comply with, the summons provided in the preceding paragraph without reasonable grounds.
Article 12Escort in Case of Emergency
Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article, the family court may issue an escort warrant for a juvenile and escort them in case of an emergency need of protection, and if it is found necessary for their welfare.
In urgent cases the presiding judge may take the measures stated in the preceding paragraph or have a member of the panel of judges do this.
裁判長は、急速を要する場合には、前項の処分をし、又は合議体の構成員にこれをさせることができる。
Article 13Execution of an Escort Warrant
An escort warrant is executed by a family court investigating officer.
同行状は、家庭裁判所調査官がこれを執行する。
The family court may have a police officer, a probation officer, or a court clerk execute an escort warrant.
家庭裁判所は、警察官、保護観察官又は裁判所書記官をして、同行状を執行させることができる。
In urgent cases, the presiding judge may take the measures stated in the preceding paragraph or have a member of the panel of judges do this.
裁判長は、急速を要する場合には、前項の処分をし、又は合議体の構成員にこれをさせることができる。
Article 14Witness Examination, Expert Opinion, Interpretation, and Translation
The family court may examine a witness, or order an expert opinion, interpretation, or translation.
家庭裁判所は、証人を尋問し、又は鑑定、通訳若しくは翻訳を命ずることができる。
The provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure concerning examination of a witness, or ordering of an expert opinion, interpretation, and translation to be conducted by the court apply mutatis mutandis to the case stated in the preceding paragraph unless contrary to the nature of the protection case.
刑事訴訟法中、裁判所の行う証人尋問、鑑定、通訳及び翻訳に関する規定は、保護事件の性質に反しない限り、前項の場合に、これを準用する。
Article 15Inspection, Seizure, Search, etc.
The family court may conduct an inspection, seizure, or search, or issue an order to provide electronic or magnetic records.
家庭裁判所は、検証、押収、捜索又は電磁的記録提供命令をすることができる。
The provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure concerning inspection, seizure, search, and order to provide electronic or magnetic records to be conducted by the court, apply mutatis mutandis to the case stated in the preceding paragraph, unless contrary to the nature of the protection case.
Article 16Assistance and Cooperation
The family court may have a police officer, a probation officer, a volunteer probation officer, a child welfare officer (which means a child welfare officer as prescribed in Article 12-3, paragraph (2), item (vi) of the Child Welfare Act; this also applies in Article 26, paragraph (1) of this Act), or a commissioned child welfare volunteer provide necessary assistance in investigation and observation.
家庭裁判所は、調査及び観察のため、警察官、保護観察官、保護司、児童福祉司(児童福祉法第十二条の三第二項第六号に規定する児童福祉司をいう。第二十六条第一項において同じ。)又は児童委員に対して、必要な援助をさせることができる。
The family court may request the necessary cooperation from public offices, public and private organizations, schools, hospitals and others in performing their duties.
家庭裁判所は、その職務を行うについて、公務所、公私の団体、学校、病院その他に対して、必要な協力を求めることができる。
Article 17Measure for Observation and Protection
A family court may implement measures for observation and protection listed in the following items by a ruling if the measures are needed for its trial and decision:
家庭裁判所は、審判を行うため必要があるときは、決定をもつて、次に掲げる観護の措置をとることができる。
to put under the observation and protection of a family court investigating officer;
家庭裁判所調査官の観護に付すること。
to refer to a juvenile classification home.
少年鑑別所に送致すること。
Measures for observation and protection regarding an escorted juvenile must be implemented within 24 hours, at the latest, from the time of the arrival. This also applies to the measures regarding a juvenile who has been detained or arrested, and is referred to the court by a public prosecutor or a judicial police officer.
同行された少年については、観護の措置は、遅くとも、到着のときから二十四時間以内に、これを行わなければならない。検察官又は司法警察員から勾留又は逮捕された少年の送致を受けたときも、同様である。
If the measures prescribed in item (ii) of paragraph (1) are implemented, then the period of detention of the juvenile at the juvenile classification home may not exceed two weeks; provided, however, that the period may be renewed by the court's ruling if continued custody is particularly needed.
第一項第二号の措置においては、少年鑑別所に収容する期間は、二週間を超えることができない。ただし、特に継続の必要があるときは、決定をもつて、これを更新することができる。
The renewal pursuant to the proviso of the preceding paragraph is not to take place more than once; provided, however, that the renewal may take place with a limit of up to two additional times if the family court has decided to conduct an examination of a witness, seek an expert's opinion, or conduct an inspection or has implemented these measures to find out the facts of the delinquent act (including motive for the offense, the manner and impact of the crime, or other important facts closely related to the crime; this also applies below) punishable by imprisonment or a heavier punishment, concerning a juvenile as prescribed in Article 3, paragraph (1), item (i), and if there are reasonable grounds to suspect that a family court trial and decision would be severely hindered without detaining the juvenile.
Notwithstanding the proviso of paragraph (3), the period of detention in a case once again referred by a public prosecutor may not be renewed if the measures prescribed in item (ii) of paragraph (1) have already been implemented or a detention warrant has already been issued regarding the case.
If the judge implements the measures prescribed in paragraph (1), item (i) of this Article upon request pursuant to the provisions of Article 43, paragraph (1), the measures are deemed as those prescribed in paragraph (1), item (i) of this Article if the case is subsequently referred to a family court.
If the judge implements the measures prescribed in item (ii), paragraph (1) of this Article upon request pursuant to the provisions of Article 43, paragraph (1), the measures are deemed to be those prescribed in item (ii), paragraph (1) of this Article if the case is subsequently referred to a family court. In this case, the period prescribed in paragraph (3) begins from the day when the case is referred to a family court.
The measures for observation and protection may be repealed or amended by a ruling.
観護の措置は、決定をもつて、これを取り消し、又は変更することができる。
Regarding the measures provided in paragraph (1), item (ii), the total period of detention may not exceed eight weeks; provided, however, that no ruling that makes a total custody period longer than four weeks is to be rendered without the grounds prescribed in the proviso of paragraph (4).
In case of emergency, the presiding judge may take the dispositions prescribed in paragraphs (1) or (8), or have a member of the panel of judges do this.
Article 17-2Filing of Objections
A juvenile, their legal representative, or attendant may file an objection against a ruling as prescribed in paragraph (1), item (ii) of the preceding Article or in the proviso of paragraph (3) of the preceding Article to a family court where the protection case is pending; provided, however, that the attendant may not file an objection that is contrary to the intent clearly indicated by the parent or guardian, who appointed the attendant.
The objection referred to in the preceding paragraph may not be filed on the reasoning that there are no grounds for referring the case to trial and decision.
前項の異議の申立ては、審判に付すべき事由がないことを理由としてすることはできない。
A ruling by the family court, on the objection referred to in paragraph (1), must be made by a panel. In this case, a judge who was involved in the ruling of prior instance may not participate in giving this ruling.
第一項の異議の申立てについては、家庭裁判所は、合議体で決定をしなければならない。この場合において、その決定には、原決定に関与した裁判官は、関与することができない。
The provisions of Articles 32-3, 33 and 34 apply mutatis mutandis to a case in which the objection prescribed in paragraph (1) is filed. In this case, the phrase "revoke the ruling given in the prior instance, and remand the case to the court of prior instance, or transfer the case to another family court" in Article 33, paragraph (2) is deemed to be replaced with "revoke the ruling given in the prior instance, and a further judicial decision must be made if it is deemed necessary."
Article 17-3Special Appeal
The provisions of Article 35, paragraph (1) apply mutatis mutandis to the ruling prescribed in paragraph (3) of the preceding Article. In this case, the term "two weeks" in Article 35, paragraph (1) is deemed to be replaced with "five days."
The provisions of paragraph (4) of the preceding Article and Article 32-2 apply mutatis mutandis if an appeal is filed pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
Article 17-4Provisional Detention in Case of Referral to a Juvenile Classification Home
If there are circumstances under which immediate custody in a juvenile classification home is found extremely difficult, following the implementation of the measures prescribed in Article 17, paragraph (1), item (ii), the family court may, by a ruling, provisionally detain the juvenile to the nearest juvenile training school or to a specially separated place inside the nearest penal institution; provided, however, that the period must not exceed 72 hours from commencement of detention.
家庭裁判所は、第十七条第一項第二号の措置をとつた場合において、直ちに少年鑑別所に収容することが著しく困難であると認める事情があるときは、決定をもつて、少年を仮に最寄りの少年院又は刑事施設の特に区別した場所に収容することができる。ただし、その期間は、収容した時から七十二時間を超えることができない。
In case of an emergency, the presiding judge may take the dispositions stated in the preceding paragraph or have a member from a panel of judges do it.
裁判長は、急速を要する場合には、前項の処分をし、又は合議体の構成員にこれをさせることができる。
The period of detention pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) is deemed to be the period of detention in a juvenile classification home by the measures prescribed in item (ii) of paragraph (1) of Article 17; the period prescribed in paragraph (3) of that Article is to begin from the day of detention in the juvenile training school or penal institution.
第一項の規定による収容の期間は、これを第十七条第一項第二号の措置により少年鑑別所に収容した期間とみなし、同条第三項の期間は、少年院又は刑事施設に収容した日から、これを起算する。
If the judge detained a juvenile pursuant to paragraph (1) upon request prescribed in the provisions of Article 43, paragraph (1), the detention is deemed to be the detention prescribed in paragraph (1) if the case is subsequently referred to the family court.
Article 18Child Welfare Act Measures
When it is found appropriate to take measures prescribed in the provisions of the Child Welfare Act as a result of the investigation, the family court, by a ruling, must refer the case to a prefectural governor or director of a child guidance center who has authority over the case.
家庭裁判所は、調査の結果、児童福祉法の規定による措置を相当と認めるときは、決定をもつて、事件を権限を有する都道府県知事又は児童相談所長に送致しなければならない。
The family court, by a ruling, may refer the case concerning a juvenile referred by a prefectural governor or director of child guidance center, pursuant to the provisions of Article 6-7, paragraph (2), to the prefectural governor or director of a child guidance center who has authority over the case, with a time limit and instructions as to the means of protection and any other measures to be taken.
Article 19Ruling Not to Commence a Trial
The family court must make a ruling not to commence a trial if it finds, as a result of the investigation, that it is impossible or inappropriate to subject the case to trial and decision.
家庭裁判所は、調査の結果、審判に付することができず、又は審判に付するのが相当でないと認めるときは、審判を開始しない旨の決定をしなければならない。
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, if it is found, as a result of the investigation, that the person in question is 20 years of age or older, the family court, by a ruling, must refer the case to a public prosecutor at the public prosecutor's office that is the counterpart of the district court with jurisdiction over the case.
家庭裁判所は、調査の結果、本人が二十歳以上であることが判明したときは、前項の規定にかかわらず、決定をもつて、事件を管轄地方裁判所に対応する検察庁の検察官に送致しなければならない。
Article 20Referral to a Public Prosecutor
The family court, by a ruling, must refer a case punishable by imprisonment or a heavier punishment to a public prosecutor at the public prosecutor's office that is the counterpart of the district court with jurisdiction over the case, if the criminal disposition of the case is found appropriate, as a result of the investigation, considering the nature and circumstances of the crime.
家庭裁判所は、拘禁刑以上の刑に当たる罪の事件について、調査の結果、その罪質及び情状に照らして刑事処分を相当と認めるときは、決定をもつて、これを管轄地方裁判所に対応する検察庁の検察官に送致しなければならない。
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the family court must make a ruling as prescribed in that paragraph for a case in which a juvenile who is 16 years of age or older committed an intentional criminal act that caused the death of a victim; provided, however, that this does not apply if the court finds any measures other than the criminal disposition more appropriate, as a result of the investigation, which considers motive for the offense, manner , circumstances or situation after the offense, the juvenile's character, age, conduct, environment and other circumstances.
Article 21Ruling to Commence a Trial
If it is found appropriate to commence a trial as a result of the investigation, the family court must make a ruling to that effect.
家庭裁判所は、調査の結果、審判を開始するのが相当であると認めるときは、その旨の決定をしなければならない。
Article 22Trial and Decision Procedure
Trial and decision must be conducted cordially and amicably, and encourage the delinquent juvenile to reflect on their delinquency.
審判は、懇切を旨として、和やかに行うとともに、非行のある少年に対し自己の非行について内省を促すものとしなければならない。
The trial and decision are not open to the public.
審判は、これを公開しない。
The presiding judge is to direct the trial and decision.
審判の指揮は、裁判長が行う。
Article 22-2Public Prosecutor Participation
The family court, by a ruling, may have a public prosecutor participate in a trial and decision for a case involving a juvenile as prescribed in Article 3, paragraph (1), item (i) concerning a crime which is punishable by the death penalty, imprisonment for life, or imprisonment with a maximum term exceeding three years, when the court finds that the participation of a public prosecutor in the trial and decision is necessary to certify the facts of the delinquent act.
The family court must hear the opinion of a public prosecutor, in advance, to give the ruling stated in the preceding paragraph, except for when the public prosecutor requests to attend the hearing.
家庭裁判所は、前項の決定をするには、検察官の申出がある場合を除き、あらかじめ、検察官の意見を聴かなければならない。
If a ruling, as prescribed in paragraph (1), is given on the case, the public prosecutor, as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court, may inspect and copy the records of the case and articles of evidence, attend the trial and decision (including the announcement of the ruling that closes the case), ask questions to the juvenile, witnesses and other concerned persons, and give opinions to the extent that is necessary to certify the facts of the delinquent act.
略称規定第六条の五第一項・この規定及び第六条の五第二項及び第十五条の中だけ
…捜索、同法第百二条の二第一項に規定する電磁的記録提供命令(同号ロに掲げる方法による提供を命ずるものに限る。次項及び第十五条において単に「電磁的記録提供命令」という。)、検証又は鑑定の嘱託をすることができる。
わかりやすく言うと
必要な電磁的記録の提供を命じる命令(刑事訴訟法第百二条の二第一項)のうち、電気通信回線を通じて、命令をする側が管理する記録媒体に記録させ又は移転させる方法で提供させるものです。警察官は、十四歳未満で刑罰法令に触れる行為をした少年の事件の調査に必要があるとき、これをすることができます。
定義第十六条第一項・この規定及び第二十六条第一項の中だけ
児童福祉法第十二条の三第二項第六号に規定する児童福祉司
わかりやすく言うと
児童の福祉に関する事務をつかさどる職員のことです(児童福祉法第十二条の三第二項第六号)。家庭裁判所は、調査や観察のため、児童福祉司に必要な援助をさせることができます。
拘禁刑
刑事施設に拘置する刑です。無期と有期があり、有期は一月以上二十年以下です(刑法第十二条第一項・第二項)。刑を加重するときは三十年まで上げ、減軽するときは一月未満に下げることができます(同法第十四条第二項)。改善更生を図るため、必要な作業を行わせ、又は必要な指導を行うことができます(同法第十二条第三項)。主刑の中では死刑の次に重く、罰金より重い刑です(同法第九条・第十条第一項)。刑法等の一部を改正する法律(令和四年法律第六十七号)の施行により、懲役と禁錮に代わって設けられました(同法第二条)。懲役又は禁錮に処せられた人は、人の資格に関する法令の適用については、刑期を同じくする拘禁刑に処せられた人とみなされます(令和四年法律第六十八号第四百四十三条第一項)。
刑法第9条・第10条・第12条・第14条、令和4年法律第67号第2条、令和4年法律第68号第443条を参考にAIが作成。
検察官
犯罪について、裁判所に訴えを起こす(公訴を行う)役目を負う者です(刑事訴訟法第二百四十七条)。犯人の性格、年齢や境遇、犯罪の重さや事情、犯罪の後の状況から、訴える必要がないと考えるときは、訴えを起こさないことができます(刑事訴訟法第二百四十八条)。刑事の事件では、裁判所に法を正しく当てはめるよう求め、裁判の執行を監督します。また、社会全体の利益を代表して、ほかの法令が検察官に任せた仕事も行い、それは刑事の事件に限りません(検察庁法第四条)。どのような犯罪についても捜査をすることができます(検察庁法第六条第一項)。検察官の仕事は検察庁がまとめており、検察庁には最高検察庁、高等検察庁、地方検察庁、区検察庁があります(検察庁法第一条)。
刑事訴訟法第247条・第248条、検察庁法第1条・第4条・第6条を参考にAIが作成。