小規模企業共済法
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第一章 総則
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1Purpose
The purpose of this Act is, based on the spirit of mutual aid among small-scale enterprises, to establish a mutual aid system funded by their contributions with regard to the discontinuation, succession, etc. of the businesses of small-scale enterprises, and thereby to contribute to the promotion of the welfare of small-scale enterprises and the development of small enterprises.
この法律は、小規模企業者の相互扶助の精神に基づき、小規模企業者の事業の廃止、承継等につき、その拠出による共済制度を確立し、もつて小規模企業者の福祉の増進と小規模企業の振興に寄与することを目的とする。
Article 2Definitions
In this Act, a "small-scale enterprise" means a person who falls under any of the following items:
この法律において「小規模企業者」とは、次の各号のいずれかに該当する者をいう。
An individual whose number of regularly employed employees is 20 or less and who engages, as a principal business, in a business belonging to the manufacturing, mining, transport or another industry (excluding the industries set out in the following item and the industries specified by Cabinet Order in item (iii));
An individual whose number of regularly employed employees is five or less and who engages, as a principal business, in a business belonging to commerce or the service industry (excluding the industries specified by Cabinet Order in the following item);
常時使用する従業員の数が五人以下の個人であつて、商業又はサービス業(次号の政令で定める業種を除く。)に属する事業を主たる事業として営むもの
An individual whose number of regularly employed employees is the number specified by Cabinet Order for each industry or less and who engages, as a principal business, in a business belonging to an industry specified by that Cabinet Order;
常時使用する従業員の数がその業種ごとに政令で定める数以下の個人であつて、その政令で定める業種に属する事業を主たる事業として営むもの
An individual who is engaged in the management of a business operated by an individual listed in the preceding three items (excluding an individual listed in the preceding three items);
An officer of a company whose number of regularly employed employees is 20 or less and that engages, as a principal business, in a business belonging to the manufacturing, mining, transport or another industry (excluding the industries set out in the following item and the industries specified by Cabinet Order in item (vii));
An officer of a company whose number of regularly employed employees is five or less and that engages, as a principal business, in a business belonging to commerce or the service industry (excluding the industries specified by Cabinet Order in the following item);
常時使用する従業員の数が五人以下の会社であつて、商業又はサービス業(次号の政令で定める業種を除く。)に属する事業を主たる事業として営むものの役員
An officer of a company whose number of regularly employed employees is the number specified by Cabinet Order for each industry or less and that engages, as a principal business, in a business belonging to an industry specified by that Cabinet Order;
常時使用する従業員の数がその業種ごとに政令で定める数以下の会社であつて、その政令で定める業種に属する事業を主たる事業として営むものの役員
An officer of a small and medium-sized enterprise organization established by a special Act (limited to an enterprise association, a cooperative partnership, and one whose members are mainly, directly or indirectly, individuals listed in items (i) through (iii) or companies prescribed in the preceding three items) that is specified by Cabinet Order.
特別の法律によつて設立された中小企業団体(企業組合、協業組合及び主として第一号から第三号までに掲げる個人又は前三号に規定する会社を直接又は間接の構成員とするものに限る。)であつて、政令で定めるものの役員
In this Act, a "mutual aid contract" means a contract under which a small-scale enterprise promises to pay premiums to the Organization for Small and Medium Enterprises and Regional Innovation, JAPAN (hereinafter referred to as the "Organization"), and the Organization promises to pay mutual aid benefits, as provided for in this Act, in the event of the discontinuation, etc. of that person's business.
この法律において「共済契約」とは、小規模企業者が独立行政法人中小企業基盤整備機構(以下「機構」という。)に掛金を納付することを約し、機構がその者の事業の廃止等につき、この法律の定めるところにより共済金を支給することを約する契約をいう。
In this Act, a "mutual aid policyholder" means an individual business operator and an officer of a company or a small and medium-sized enterprise organization (hereinafter referred to as a "company, etc.") who are parties to a mutual aid contract.
この法律において「共済契約者」とは、共済契約の当事者である個人たる事業者及び会社又は中小企業団体(以下「会社等」という。)の役員をいう。
Article 3Conclusion of Contracts
A mutual aid contract may not be concluded by anyone other than a small-scale enterprise.
A small-scale enterprise that is an individual business operator and concurrently an officer of a company, etc. may conclude a mutual aid contract only in one of the following capacities:
The capacity of an individual small-scale enterprise;
個人たる小規模企業者としての地位
The capacity of a small-scale enterprise that is an officer of a company, etc. (for a small-scale enterprise that is concurrently an officer of two or more companies, etc., the capacity of a small-scale enterprise that is an officer of any one of those companies, etc.).
A small-scale enterprise that is concurrently an officer of two or more companies, etc. (excluding a person prescribed in the preceding paragraph) may conclude a mutual aid contract only in the capacity of a small-scale enterprise that is an officer of any one of those companies, etc.
A small-scale enterprise that is currently a mutual aid policyholder may not conclude a new mutual aid contract; provided, however, that this does not apply where a cause set out in one of the items of Article 9, paragraph (1) relating to that mutual aid contract has arisen for that person.
The Organization must not refuse to conclude a mutual aid contract except in the following cases:
Where the applicant for the mutual aid contract is a person whose mutual aid contract was cancelled pursuant to Article 7, paragraph (2) and for whom one year has not elapsed from the date of the cancellation;
Where the applicant for the mutual aid contract is a person for whom one year has not elapsed from the date on which the person received, or attempted to receive, payment of a mutual aid benefit or cancellation refund (hereinafter referred to as "mutual aid benefit, etc.") by deception or other wrongful act;
共済契約の申込者が偽りその他不正の行為によつて共済金又は解約手当金(以下「共済金等」という。)の支給を受け、又は受けようとした日から一年を経過しない者であるとき。
Where, in addition to what is set out in the preceding two items, the case falls under one specified by Order of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry as a case in which the conclusion of the mutual aid contract is likely to impede the proper and smooth operation of the small enterprise mutual aid business.
Article 4
A mutual aid contract is to be concluded by specifying the monthly premium.
共済契約は、掛金月額を定めて締結するものとする。
The monthly premium is to be 1,000 yen or more and an amount obtained by multiplying 500 yen by an integer, and must not exceed 70,000 yen per mutual aid policyholder.
掛金月額は、千円以上であつて五百円に整数を乗じて得た額とし、共済契約者一人につき七万円を超えてはならない。
Article 5Application for Contracts
An application for a mutual aid contract must state the monthly premium and, in the case of a mutual aid contract concluded by a mutual aid policyholder in the capacity of a small-scale enterprise that is an officer of a company, etc., the name of that company, etc.
Article 6Formation of Contract
When the Organization accepts an application for a mutual aid contract, the mutual aid contract is deemed to have been formed on the day of the application and takes effect from that day.
Article 7Cancellation of Contract
Except in the case prescribed in the following paragraph, the Organization may not cancel a mutual aid contract.
The Organization must cancel a mutual aid contract in the following cases:
where a mutual aid policyholder has failed to pay premiums for at least the number of months specified by Order of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (excluding cases where there is a justifiable reason specified by Order of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry);
共済契約者が経済産業省令で定める一定の月分以上について掛金の納付を怠つたとき(経済産業省令で定める正当な理由がある場合を除く。)。
where a mutual aid policyholder has received, or attempted to receive, payment of mutual aid benefits, etc. by deception or other wrongful conduct.
A mutual aid policyholder may cancel a mutual aid contract at any time.
When any of the following grounds arises with respect to a mutual aid policyholder, the mutual aid contract is deemed to have been cancelled at the time the ground arises:
where a mutual aid policyholder concerning a mutual aid contract concluded in the capacity of an individual small-scale enterprise discontinues the business in order to establish a company that carries on the same business as that business;
where a mutual aid policyholder concerning a mutual aid contract concluded in the capacity of a small-scale enterprise that is an officer of a company, etc. ceases to be an officer of that company, etc. without any ground set out in the items of Article 9, paragraph (1) having arisen.
The cancellation of a mutual aid contract takes effect only for the future.
共済契約の解除は、将来に向かつてのみその効力を生ずる。
Article 8Change of Monthly Premium
When a mutual aid policyholder applies to increase or decrease the monthly premium, the Organization must accept the application.
An application under the preceding paragraph must state the monthly premium after the increase or decrease.
前項の申込みは、増加後又は減少後の掛金月額を明らかにしてしなければならない。
Article 9Mutual Aid Benefits
Where any of the following grounds arises with respect to a mutual aid policyholder and the number of months of paid premiums of that person is six months or more, the Organization is to pay mutual aid benefits to that person (or, where the ground set out in item (i) or item (ii) is due to death, to the bereaved family of that person):
discontinuation of business (in the case of a mutual aid policyholder concerning a mutual aid contract concluded in the capacity of a small-scale enterprise that is an officer of a company, etc., dissolution of that company, etc.) (excluding the case set out in Article 7, paragraph (4), item (i));
in the case of a mutual aid policyholder concerning a mutual aid contract concluded in the capacity of a small-scale enterprise that is an officer of a company, etc., when that person ceases to be an officer of that company, etc. due to illness, injury or death, or at the age of 65 or more;
in the case of a mutual aid policyholder who is aged 65 or more and whose number of months of paid premiums is 180 months or more, when a request for payment of mutual aid benefits is made without any ground set out in the preceding two items having arisen.
The amount of mutual aid benefits to be paid by the Organization is the total amount of the premium-unit mutual aid benefit amounts corresponding to each division obtained when the premiums for each month paid by the mutual aid policyholder are successively divided into units of 500 yen (hereinafter referred to as a "premium unit").
The premium-unit mutual aid benefit amount under the preceding paragraph is, according to the number of months of paid premiums for the premium unit set out in each of the following items, the amount specified in that item:
less than 36 months: the total amount of the premiums paid for that premium unit;
三十六月未満 その掛金区分に係る納付に係る掛金の合計額
36 months or more: the total amount of the amounts specified in (a) through (c).
三十六月以上 次のイからハまでに定める金額の合計額
the amount specified by Cabinet Order according to the number of months of paid premiums for that premium unit and the grounds set out in the items of paragraph (1);
the total amount of the amounts obtained by multiplying the amount obtained where the provisions of (a) are applied on the assumption that a ground set out in the items of paragraph (1) arose in a reference month (meaning each month in which the number of months of paid premiums for that premium unit is 36 months or a number of months obtained by adding an integral multiple of 12 months to 36 months; the same applies hereinafter) (hereinafter referred to as the "hypothetical mutual aid benefit amount") by the payment rate for the fiscal year (meaning the period from April 1 to March 31 of the following year; the same applies hereinafter) to which the respective reference month belongs;
the amount obtained by multiplying the amount specified in (a) by the payment rate for the fiscal year to which the day on which a ground set out in the items of paragraph (1) arose belongs, and further multiplying the result by the rate obtained by dividing by 12 the number of months obtained by subtracting the number of months of paid premiums as of the last reference month from the number of months of paid premiums for that premium unit.
The amount specified by Cabinet Order in item (ii), (a) of the preceding paragraph is to be determined on the basis of the total amount of the premiums paid and the investment income therefrom, taking into account the assumed interest rate, the expected number of occurrences of the grounds set out in the items of paragraph (1) and the expected number of cancellations of mutual aid contracts. In this case, that amount must satisfy the following requirements.
that it exceeds the total amount of the premiums paid for that premium unit;
その掛金区分に係る納付に係る掛金の合計額を上回ること。
that the amount paid on a ground set out in paragraph (1), item (i) is equal to or more than the amount paid on a ground set out in items (ii) and (iii) of that paragraph.
The payment rate in (b) and (c) of paragraph (3), item (ii) is to be determined by the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry for each fiscal year, by the end of the fiscal year preceding that fiscal year, after hearing the opinion of the Small and Medium-sized Enterprise Policy Council, on the basis of the rate obtained by dividing the amount calculated as provided by Order of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry as the portion of the investment income up to that fiscal year that is to be applied to payment of the amount specified in paragraph (3), item (ii), (b) or Article 12, paragraph (4), item (ii), (b) in that fiscal year, by the amount calculated as provided by Order of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry as the total amount of the hypothetical mutual aid benefit amounts or the hypothetical cancellation refund amounts (meaning the hypothetical cancellation refund amounts under (b) of that item) for the premium units that will have a reference month in that fiscal year, taking into account the expected amount of investment income from that fiscal year onward and other circumstances.
Where a Cabinet Order is enacted or amended pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (3), item (ii), (a), the Cabinet Order may provide for measures necessary concerning the calculation of the amount of mutual aid benefits for mutual aid contracts that took effect before that enactment or amendment and with respect to which a ground set out in the items of paragraph (1) arises after that enactment or amendment, and for other necessary transitional measures accompanying that enactment or amendment.
Article 9-2Method of Payment of Mutual Aid Benefits
Mutual aid benefits are to be paid as a lump sum.
共済金は、一時金として支給する。
Article 9-3Installment Payment of Mutual Aid Benefits, etc.
Notwithstanding the preceding Article, the Organization may, at the request of a mutual aid policyholder, pay all or part of the mutual aid benefits by installment payment; provided, however, that this does not apply in any of the following cases:
where the amount of the mutual aid benefits is less than the amount specified by Order of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry;
共済金の額が経済産業省令で定める金額未満であるとき。
where a ground set out in Article 9, paragraph (1), item (i) or item (ii) arises with respect to a mutual aid policyholder and that person is under 60 years of age on the day on which the ground arises;
where a mutual aid policyholder requests that part of the mutual aid benefits be paid by installment payment, and the amount subject to installment payment prescribed in the following paragraph is less than the amount specified by Order of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, or the amount obtained by subtracting the amount subject to installment payment prescribed in that paragraph from the full amount of those mutual aid benefits is less than the amount specified by Order of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
Where a mutual aid policyholder intends to receive payment of part of the mutual aid benefits by installment payment, the request under the preceding paragraph must be made by specifying the amount of that part of the mutual aid benefits for which the policyholder intends to receive payment by installment payment (referred to in this Article as the "amount subject to installment payment").
The payment months for mutual aid benefits paid by installment payment are January, March, May, July, September and November of each year; provided, however, that mutual aid benefits that should have been paid in the previous payment month are to be paid even in a month that is not a payment month.
分割払の方法による共済金の支給期月は、毎年一月、三月、五月、七月、九月及び十一月とする。ただし、前支給期月に支給すべきであつた共済金は、その支給期月でない月であつても、支給するものとする。
The period of payment of mutual aid benefits by installment payment (hereinafter referred to as the "installment payment period") is, at the election of the mutual aid policyholder, either 10 years or 15 years from the first payment month after the request under paragraph (1).
The amount of the mutual aid benefits for each payment month (hereinafter referred to as the "installment mutual aid benefit") is the amount obtained by multiplying the amount of the mutual aid benefits (or, where part of the mutual aid benefits is paid by installment payment, the amount subject to installment payment) by the rate specified by Cabinet Order according to the installment payment period (referred to as the "installment payment rate" in paragraph (2) of the following Article).
Where, pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), it has been decided that part of the mutual aid benefits is to be paid by installment payment, the amount obtained by subtracting the amount subject to installment payment from the full amount of those mutual aid benefits is to be paid as a lump sum.
Article 9-4
Where the Organization has decided to pay all or part of the mutual aid benefits by installment payment and a ground set out in the following items arises, the Organization is to pay in a lump sum, to the person specified in the relevant item, the total amount of the amounts equivalent to the present value of the installment mutual aid benefits whose payment months have not arrived by the time the ground arises (hereinafter referred to as "present value amounts"):
when a mutual aid policyholder dies: the heir;
共済契約者が死亡したとき 相続人
where a special circumstance specified by Order of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, such as a severe disability, arises with respect to a mutual aid policyholder and that person requests the Organization to pay the total amount of the present value amounts in a lump sum: that person.
The present value amount is the amount obtained by discounting the amount of the installment mutual aid benefit by the compound present value method, using the interest rate determined by the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry as the interest rate that served as the basis for calculating the installment payment rate for that amount, according to the period from the most recent payment month after a ground set out in either item of the preceding paragraph arises to the payment month for that installment mutual aid benefit.
Article 10Scope and Order of the Surviving Family Members
The surviving family members entitled to receive payment of the mutual aid benefits prescribed in Article 9, paragraph (1) are the persons set out in the following items:
第九条第一項に規定する共済金の支給を受けるべき遺族は、次の各号に掲げる者とする。
a spouse (including a person who has not filed a notification of marriage but who, at the time of the mutual aid policyholder's death, was in a situation equivalent to a marital relationship in fact);
配偶者(届出をしていないが、共済契約者の死亡の当時事実上婚姻関係と同様の事情にあつたものを含む。)
children, parents, grandchildren, grandparents and siblings who, at the time of the mutual aid policyholder's death, were mainly dependent on the policyholder's income for their livelihood;
子、父母、孫、祖父母及び兄弟姉妹で共済契約者の死亡の当時主としてその収入によつて生計を維持していたもの
in addition to the persons set out in the preceding item, relatives who, at the time of the mutual aid policyholder's death, were mainly dependent on the policyholder's income for their livelihood;
children, parents, grandchildren, grandparents and siblings who do not fall under item (ii);
子、父母、孫、祖父母及び兄弟姉妹で第二号に該当しないもの
children of grandchildren and children of siblings who do not fall under item (iii).
孫の子及び兄弟姉妹の子のうち第三号に該当しないもの
The order of priority among the surviving family members entitled to receive payment of mutual aid benefits is the order of the items of the preceding paragraph, and, among the persons set out in items (ii), (iv) and (v) of that paragraph, the order in which they are listed in the relevant item; in this case, for parents, the order is adoptive parents and then biological parents, and for grandparents, the order is the adoptive parents of adoptive parents, the biological parents of adoptive parents, the adoptive parents of biological parents, and then the biological parents of biological parents.
Where there are two or more persons of the same rank among the surviving family members entitled to receive payment of mutual aid benefits under the preceding paragraph, the mutual aid benefits are to be paid in equal shares divided by the number of those persons.
前項の規定により共済金の支給を受けるべき遺族に同順位者が二人以上あるときは、共済金は、その人数によつて等分して支給する。
Article 11Disqualification
A person who has caused the death of a mutual aid policyholder through an intentional criminal act is not entitled to receive payment of mutual aid benefits, notwithstanding the preceding Article. The same applies to a person who, before the death of a mutual aid policyholder, caused the death, through an intentional criminal act, of a person who would be entitled to receive payment of mutual aid benefits upon the death of that policyholder.
Article 12Cancellation Refunds
Where a mutual aid contract is cancelled and the number of months of paid premiums of the mutual aid policyholder is 12 months or more, the Organization is to pay a cancellation refund to the mutual aid policyholder.
Where a mutual aid contract is cancelled pursuant to the provisions of Article 7, paragraph (2), item (ii), no cancellation refund is to be paid, notwithstanding the preceding paragraph; provided, however, that this does not apply where there are special circumstances specified by Order of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
The amount of the cancellation refund is, according to the cases set out in the following items, the amount specified in the relevant item:
解約手当金の額は、次の各号に掲げる場合に応じ、それぞれ当該各号に定める金額とする。
where a mutual aid contract is cancelled pursuant to the provisions of Article 7, paragraph (2) or paragraph (3), or is deemed to have been cancelled pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (4), item (i) of that Article (limited to where that mutual aid policyholder has become a small-scale enterprise that is an officer of the company referred to in that item): the total amount of the amounts obtained, for each premium unit, by multiplying the total amount of the premiums paid for that unit by a ratio specified by Cabinet Order that is not less than 80 percent;
where a mutual aid contract is deemed to have been cancelled pursuant to the provisions of Article 7, paragraph (4) (excluding, where it is so deemed under item (i) of that paragraph, the case where that mutual aid policyholder has become a small-scale enterprise that is an officer of the company referred to in that item): the total amount of the premium-unit cancellation refund amounts corresponding to the premium units.
The premium-unit cancellation refund amount under item (ii) of the preceding paragraph is, according to the number of months of paid premiums for the premium unit set out in each of the following items, the amount specified in the relevant item:
less than 36 months: the total amount of the premiums paid for that premium unit;
三十六月未満 その掛金区分に係る納付に係る掛金の合計額
36 months or more: the total amount of the amounts specified in (a) through (c) (or, where that amount does not reach the total amount of the premiums paid for that premium unit, that total amount).
三十六月以上 次のイからハまでに定める金額の合計額(その額がその掛金区分に係る納付に係る掛金の合計額に達しないときは、その合計額)
the amount specified by Cabinet Order according to the number of months of paid premiums for that premium unit;
その掛金区分に係る掛金納付月数に応じ政令で定める金額
the total amount of the amounts obtained by multiplying the hypothetical cancellation refund amount (meaning the amount obtained where the provisions of (a) are applied on the assumption that a ground set out in the items of Article 7, paragraph (4) arose in a reference month) by the payment rate prescribed in Article 9, paragraph (5) for the fiscal year to which the respective reference month belongs;
the amount obtained by multiplying the amount specified in (a) by the payment rate prescribed in Article 9, paragraph (5) for the fiscal year to which the day on which a ground set out in the items of Article 7, paragraph (4) arose belongs, and further multiplying the result by the rate obtained by dividing by 12 the number of months obtained by subtracting the number of months of paid premiums as of the last reference month from the number of months of paid premiums for that premium unit.
The provisions of the first sentence of Article 9, paragraph (4) apply mutatis mutandis to the ratio specified by Cabinet Order in paragraph (3), item (i) and the amount specified by Cabinet Order in item (ii), (a) of the preceding paragraph. In this case, the amount obtained by multiplying by the ratio specified by Cabinet Order prescribed in paragraph (3), item (i) must be less than the premium-unit cancellation refund amount prescribed in item (ii) of that paragraph, and the amount specified by Cabinet Order in item (ii), (a) of the preceding paragraph must be less than the amount specified by Cabinet Order in Article 9, paragraph (3), item (ii), (a).
The provisions of Article 9, paragraph (6) apply mutatis mutandis where a Cabinet Order is enacted or amended pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (4), item (ii), (a). In this case, the phrase "the items of paragraph (1)" in Article 9, paragraph (6) is deemed to be replaced with "the items of Article 7, paragraph (4)", and the phrase "mutual aid benefits" is deemed to be replaced with "cancellation refunds".
Article 12-2Method of Payment of Cancellation Refunds
Cancellation refunds are to be paid as a lump sum.
解約手当金は、一時金として支給する。
Article 13Aggregation of the Number of Months of Paid Premiums
Where, within one year after a ground set out in Article 9, paragraph (1), item (i) or item (ii) arises with respect to a mutual aid policyholder, that person becomes a mutual aid policyholder again without having requested payment of mutual aid benefits, and that person so applies, the numbers of months of paid premiums for the earlier and later mutual aid contracts are aggregated for each same premium unit. The same applies where, within one year after a mutual aid policyholder concerning a mutual aid contract concluded in the capacity of an individual small-scale enterprise (limited to one set out in Article 2, paragraph (1), item (iv)) cancels the mutual aid contract pursuant to the provisions of Article 7, paragraph (3) in a case specified by Order of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, or after a ground set out in the items of paragraph (4) of that Article arises with respect to a mutual aid policyholder, those persons (excluding a person who has transferred a conditional right pursuant to the proviso to Article 15) become mutual aid policyholders again without having requested payment of a cancellation refund, and those persons so apply.
共済契約者に第九条第一項第一号又は第二号に掲げる事由が生じた後一年以内に、その者が共済金の支給の請求をしないで再び共済契約者となり、かつ、その者の申出があつたときは、前後の共済契約について、同一の掛金区分ごとに、その区分に係る掛金納付月数を通算する。個人たる小規模企業者としての地位において締結した共済契約に係る共済契約者(第二条第一項第四号に掲げるものに限る。)が経済産業省令で定める場合に第七条第三項の規定により共済契約を解除した後又は共済契約者に同条第四項各号に掲げる事由が生じた後一年以内に、これらの者(第十五条ただし書の規定により条件付権利の譲渡しをしたものを除く。)が解約手当金の支給を請求しないで再び共済契約者となり、かつ、これらの者の申出があつたときも、同様とする。
Where a person who has acquired the whole of the business of a mutual aid policyholder concerning a mutual aid contract concluded in the capacity of an individual small-scale enterprise (excluding a person for whom the number of months of paid premiums has ever been aggregated under this paragraph with respect to that mutual aid contract) alone by transfer or succeeded to it by inheritance (in either case, limited to the spouse or child of that mutual aid policyholder), and who has the right to receive payment of all of the mutual aid benefits, etc. concerning the mutual aid contract of that mutual aid policyholder (hereinafter in this paragraph and Article 15 referred to as the "former mutual aid contract") (including a person who has received the transfer of a conditional right pursuant to the proviso to Article 15), within one year from the date of that transfer or the commencement of the inheritance and without having requested payment of those mutual aid benefits, etc., concludes a mutual aid contract in the capacity of an individual small-scale enterprise, and that person so applies, the numbers of months of paid premiums for that former mutual aid contract and the newly concluded mutual aid contract are aggregated for each same premium unit.
個人たる小規模企業者としての地位において締結した共済契約に係る共済契約者(当該共済契約についてこの項の規定により掛金納付月数が通算されたことのある者を除く。)の事業の全部を一人で譲り受け又は相続により承継した者(その共済契約者の配偶者又は子に限る。)であつて、当該共済契約者の共済契約(以下この項及び第十五条において「旧共済契約」という。)に係る共済金等の全部の支給を受ける権利を有するもの(第十五条ただし書の規定により条件付権利の譲渡しを受けたものを含む。)が、当該譲受け又は相続開始の日から一年以内に、当該共済金等の支給の請求をしないで、個人たる小規模企業者としての地位において共済契約を締結し、かつ、その者の申出があつたときは、当該旧共済契約と新たに締結された共済契約について、同一の掛金区分ごとに、その区分に係る掛金納付月数を通算する。
この部分の英訳はまだありません。
削除
Article 15Prohibition of Transfer, etc.
The right to receive payment of mutual aid benefits, etc. may not be transferred, offered as security or seized; provided, however, that this does not apply where the right has been succeeded to by inheritance, where the right to receive payment of mutual aid benefits, etc. concerning the former mutual aid contract that is the subject of the aggregation is transferred to a person who intends to apply for aggregation under Article 13, paragraph (2) on the condition that the person makes that application, or where the right is seized by a disposition for delinquent national taxes (including a disposition made in the same manner).
Article 16Return of Mutual Aid Benefits, etc.
Where there is a person who has received payment of mutual aid benefits, etc. by deception or other wrongful conduct, the Organization may have that person return those mutual aid benefits, etc.
Article 16-2Deductions, etc. from Mutual Aid Benefits, etc.
Where the Organization is to pay mutual aid benefits, etc. to a mutual aid policyholder, a surviving family member of the policyholder or a former mutual aid policyholder, and there are mutual aid benefits, etc. to be returned under the preceding Article, premiums (including surcharges) to be paid, or loan principal or interest to be repaid concerning a loan to a mutual aid policyholder or former mutual aid policyholder under Article 15, paragraph (2), item (viii) of the Act on the Organization for Small & Medium Enterprises and Regional Innovation, Japan, Independent Administrative Agency (Act No. 147 of 2002; hereinafter referred to as the "Act on the Organization for Small & Medium Enterprises and Regional Innovation, Japan, Independent Administrative Agency"), the Organization may deduct these from those mutual aid benefits, etc.
Article 16-3
Where the Organization has made a loan to a mutual aid policyholder or former mutual aid policyholder under Article 15, paragraph (2), item (viii) of the Act on the Organization for Small & Medium Enterprises and Regional Innovation, Japan, Independent Administrative Agency, and there is still loan principal or interest to be repaid after the lapse of a period specified by Order of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry after the due date for repayment of that loan, the Organization may, beginning with the premium unit with the smallest number of months of paid premiums among the premium units concerning the premiums paid by that mutual aid policyholder or former mutual aid policyholder, successively draw down the premiums paid for that premium unit and apply them to repayment of that loan principal or interest.
For the purpose of applying Article 9, paragraph (1) and Article 12, paragraph (1) to a mutual aid policyholder or former mutual aid policyholder whose number of months of paid premiums has decreased because premiums were drawn down pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, that number of months of paid premiums is deemed not to have decreased.
Article 17Payment of Premiums
For each month from the month containing the day on which the mutual aid contract took effect through the month containing the day on which a ground set out in the items of Article 9, paragraph (1) arose or the day on which the mutual aid contract was cancelled, a mutual aid policyholder must pay the premium for that month at the monthly premium as of the last day of that month (for the month containing the day on which a ground set out in the items of that paragraph arose or the day on which the mutual aid contract was cancelled, as of the day on which that ground arose or the day of that cancellation), by the last day of the following month (for the premium for the month containing the day on which the mutual aid contract took effect, by the last day of the second month after the month containing the day on which the mutual aid contract took effect).
The premium for each month may not be paid in installments.
毎月分の掛金は、分割して納付することができない。
Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1), a mutual aid policyholder may refrain from paying premiums only where the Organization has given its consent. In this case, the Organization must not give that consent except in cases specified by Order of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
Article 18Reduction in the Case of Advance Payment
Where a mutual aid policyholder has paid a premium on or before the last day of the month preceding that month, the Organization may reduce its amount as provided by Order of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
Article 19Surcharges
Where a person who is to pay a premium fails to pay it by the payment due date, the Organization may have that person pay a surcharge.
機構は、掛金を納付すべき者が掛金をその納付期限までに納付しなかつたときは、その者に対し、割増金を納付させることができる。
The amount of a surcharge must not exceed the amount calculated on the amount of the premium at the rate of 14.6 percent per annum, for the number of days from the day following the payment due date to the day preceding the date of payment.
割増金の額は、掛金の額につき年十四・六パーセントの割合で納付期限の翌日から納付の日の前日までの日数によつて計算した額をこえてはならない。
Article 20Extension of Payment Due Date
Where the Organization finds that a person who is to pay a premium is unable to pay it by the payment due date due to a disaster or other unavoidable grounds, it may extend the payment due date.
機構は、災害その他やむを得ない事由により掛金を納付すべき者が掛金をその納付期限までに納付することができないと認めるときは、その納付期限を延長することができる。
Article 21Statutory Lien
A person who has the right to receive payment of mutual aid benefits or a cancellation refund has the right to be paid, in priority to other creditors, out of the property of the Organization with respect to the amount of those mutual aid benefits or that cancellation refund (where there are sums of money that the Organization may deduct from those mutual aid benefits or that cancellation refund pursuant to the provisions of Article 16-2, the remaining amount after deducting those sums from those mutual aid benefits or that cancellation refund, respectively).
The amount of the mutual aid benefits or the cancellation refund prescribed in the preceding paragraph is, where there is loan principal or interest which the Organization may repay by drawing down the premiums relating to those mutual aid benefits or that cancellation refund pursuant to the provisions of Article 16-3, paragraph (1), the amount calculated by drawing down those premiums pursuant to the provisions of that paragraph.
The rank of the statutory lien under paragraph (1) is to be next after general statutory liens under the provisions of the Civil Code (Act No. 89 of 1896).
第一項の先取特権の順位は、民法(明治二十九年法律第八十九号)の規定による一般の先取特権に次ぐものとする。
Article 22Calculation of Fractions
Where a fraction of less than 50 sen arises in the amount of mutual aid benefits, etc. or in the present value amount, it is to be rounded down, and where a fraction of 50 sen or more but less than 1 yen arises, it is to be rounded up to 1 yen.
Article 23Prescription
The right to receive payment of mutual aid benefits, etc. is extinguished by prescription if not exercised for five years from the time when it becomes exercisable, and the right to receive payment of premiums and the right to receive a refund of premiums are extinguished by prescription if not exercised for two years from the time when they become exercisable.
共済金等の支給を受ける権利はこれを行使することができる時から五年間、掛金の納付を受ける権利及び掛金の返還を受ける権利はこれらを行使することができる時から二年間行使しないときは、時効によつて消滅する。
Where a surviving family member who has the right to receive payment of mutual aid benefits is unable to request payment of the mutual aid benefits because it is unknown whether a person of a higher rank or of the same rank is alive or dead, or where that person is, the extinctive prescription of that right is not to be completed within six months from the day on which the request became possible.
共済金の支給を受ける権利を有する遺族が先順位者又は同順位者の生死又は所在が不明であるために共済金の支給の請求をすることができない場合には、その請求をすることができることとなつた日から六月以内は、当該権利の消滅時効は、完成しないものとする。
Article 24Special Provisions on the Calculation of Periods
In calculating a period relating to a request for payment of mutual aid benefits, etc. or a request for a refund of premiums, where the request is made by mail, or by correspondence delivery prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (2) of the Act on Correspondence Delivery by Private Business Operators (Act No. 99 of 2002) provided by a general correspondence delivery service provider prescribed in paragraph (6) of that Article or a specified correspondence delivery service provider prescribed in paragraph (9) of that Article, the number of days required for sending is not counted in that period.
共済金等の支給の請求又は掛金の返還の請求に係る期間を計算する場合において、その請求が郵便又は民間事業者による信書の送達に関する法律(平成十四年法律第九十九号)第二条第六項に規定する一般信書便事業者若しくは同条第九項に規定する特定信書便事業者による同条第二項に規定する信書便により行われたものであるときは、送付に要した日数は、その期間に算入しない。
第三章 雑則
Chapter III Miscellaneous Provisions
Article 25Basic Policy on the Management of Surplus Funds, etc.
With regard to the management of surplus funds in operations belonging to the account for the operations set out in Article 18, paragraph (1), item (iv) of the Act on the Organization for Small & Medium Enterprises and Regional Innovation, Japan, Independent Administrative Agency (hereinafter referred to as "surplus funds of the small enterprise mutual aid account"), the Organization must prepare a basic policy stating the purpose of management and other matters specified by Order of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, and manage those funds in accordance with that basic policy.
機構は、機構法第十八条第一項第四号に掲げる業務に係る勘定に属する業務上の余裕金(以下「小規模企業共済勘定余裕金」という。)の運用に関して、運用の目的その他経済産業省令で定める事項を記載した基本方針を作成し、当該基本方針に沿つて運用しなければならない。
The basic policy under the preceding paragraph must not be contrary to this Act (including orders issued pursuant to it) or other laws and regulations.
前項の規定による基本方針は、この法律(これに基づく命令を含む。)その他の法令に反するものであつてはならない。
Where the Organization manages surplus funds of the small enterprise mutual aid account by the following methods, it must, as provided by Order of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, indicate to the counterparty to the contract concerning that management that the funds are to be managed in line with the purport of the basic policy under paragraph (1), on the basis of consultation:
機構は、次に掲げる方法により小規模企業共済勘定余裕金を運用する場合においては、当該運用に関する契約の相手方に対して、協議に基づき第一項の規定による基本方針の趣旨に沿つて運用すべきことを、経済産業省令で定めるところにより、示さなければならない。
the method prescribed in Article 47, item (iii) of the Act on General Rules for Incorporated Administrative Agencies (Act No. 103 of 1999);
独立行政法人通則法(平成十一年法律第百三号)第四十七条第三号に規定する方法
the method set out in Article 25, paragraph (1), item (ii) of the Act on the Organization for Small & Medium Enterprises and Regional Innovation, Japan, Independent Administrative Agency;
機構法第二十五条第一項第二号に掲げる方法
the method designated by the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry prescribed in Article 25, paragraph (2) of the Act on the Organization for Small & Medium Enterprises and Regional Innovation, Japan, Independent Administrative Agency (excluding those specified by Order of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry).
機構法第二十五条第二項に規定する経済産業大臣の指定する方法(経済産業省令で定めるものを除く。)
Article 26Duties of the President, Vice President and Directors
The President, Vice President and directors of the Organization must, in the operations of managing surplus funds of the small enterprise mutual aid account, comply with laws and regulations, dispositions of the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry made pursuant to laws and regulations, the business rules established by the Organization and other rules, and perform their duties faithfully for the Organization.
機構の理事長、副理事長及び理事は、小規模企業共済勘定余裕金の運用の業務について、法令、法令に基づいてする経済産業大臣の処分、機構が定める業務方法書その他の規則を遵守し、機構のため忠実にその職務を遂行しなければならない。
Article 27Prohibited Acts of the President, Vice President and Directors
The President, Vice President and directors of the Organization must not engage in the following acts for the purpose of promoting the interests of themselves or of a third party other than the Organization:
機構の理事長、副理事長及び理事は、自己又は機構以外の第三者の利益を図る目的をもつて、次に掲げる行為を行つてはならない。
causing the Organization to conclude a contract concerning the management of surplus funds of the small enterprise mutual aid account in order to receive, or after having received, the provision of a special benefit;
特別の利益の提供を受け、又は受けるために、小規模企業共済勘定余裕金の運用に関する契約を機構に締結させること。
causing the Organization to acquire, using surplus funds of the small enterprise mutual aid account, securities or other assets held by oneself or by a person having an interest in oneself, or causing assets relating to the management of surplus funds of the small enterprise mutual aid account to be acquired by oneself or by a person having an interest in oneself.
小規模企業共済勘定余裕金をもつて自己若しくは自己と利害関係のある者の有する有価証券その他の資産を機構に取得させ、又は小規模企業共済勘定余裕金の運用に係る資産を自己若しくは自己と利害関係のある者が取得するようにさせること。
Article 28Mediation
Where a dispute arises between the Organization and an applicant for a mutual aid contract, a mutual aid policyholder or a surviving family member of the policyholder concerning the formation of a mutual aid contract or the effect of its cancellation, mutual aid benefits, etc. or premiums, and a request is made by the applicant for a mutual aid contract, the mutual aid policyholder or the surviving family member, the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry may provide mediation for the resolution of the dispute.
The procedures for requesting mediation under the preceding paragraph and other matters necessary for mediation are specified by Order of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
前項のあつせんの請求の手続その他あつせんに関し必要な事項は、経済産業省令で定める。
Article 29Review of the Amounts of Premiums and Mutual Aid Benefits, etc.
The amounts of premiums and mutual aid benefits, etc. are to be reviewed at least every five years on the basis of trends in, and projections of, the costs required for payment of mutual aid benefits, etc. and the amount of investment income.
掛金及び共済金等の額は、少なくとも五年ごとに、共済金等の支給に要する費用及び運用収入の額の推移及び予想等を基礎として、検討するものとする。
Article 30Free Certification of Family Register Documents
The mayor of a municipality (including the head of a special ward and, for a designated city under Article 252-19, paragraph (1) of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947), a ward head or general ward head) may, as provided by the Municipal Ordinance of that municipality (including a special ward), provide free certification, to the Organization or to a person who has the right to receive payment of mutual aid benefits, etc. (excluding a mutual aid policyholder), concerning the family register of a person who has the right to receive payment of mutual aid benefits, etc.
定義第二条第一項・法令全体に適用
次の各号のいずれかに該当する者
わかりやすく言うと
主に工業・鉱業・運送業などを営み常時使用する従業員が二十人以下、または主に商業・サービス業を営み五人以下(政令で定める業種はその定める数以下)の個人事業者とその事業の経営に携わる個人、同じ基準の会社の役員、そして政令で定める企業組合などの中小企業団体の役員のことです。
定義第二条第二項・法令全体に適用
小規模企業者が独立行政法人中小企業基盤整備機構(以下「機構」という。)に掛金を納付することを約し、機構がその者の事業の廃止等につき、この法律の定めるところにより共済金を支給することを約する契約
略称規定第二条第二項
この法律において「共済契約」とは、小規模企業者が独立行政法人中小企業基盤整備機構(以下「機構」という。)に掛金を納付することを約し、機構がその者の事業の廃止等につき、この法律の定めるところにより共済金を支給することを約する契約をいう。
わかりやすく言うと
独立行政法人中小企業基盤整備機構のことです。小規模企業者から掛金を受け取り、事業の廃止などのときに共済金を支給する、共済契約の相手方です。
略称規定第二条第三項
この法律において「共済契約者」とは、共済契約の当事者である個人たる事業者及び会社又は中小企業団体(以下「会社等」という。)の役員をいう。
略称規定第三条第五項第二号
共済契約の申込者が偽りその他不正の行為によつて共済金又は解約手当金(以下「共済金等」という。)の支給を受け、又は受けようとした日から一年を経過しない者であるとき。
略称規定第九条第二項
機構が支給すべき共済金の額は、共済契約者の納付に係る各月分の掛金を五百円ごとに順次区分した場合における各区分(以下「掛金区分」という。)に応ずる区分共済金額の合計額とする。
略称規定第九条第三項第二号ロ
基準月(その掛金区分に係る掛金納付月数が三十六月又は三十六月に十二月の整数倍の月数を加えた月数となる各月をいう。以下同じ。)に第一項各号に掲げる事由が生じたものとみなしてイの規定を適用した場合に得られる金額(以下「仮定共済金額」という。)…
わかりやすく言うと
五百円ごとに区切った掛金の区分ごとに、掛金納付月数が三十六か月か、それに十二か月の整数倍を加えた月数になる月(基準月)に共済金の支給の事由が生じたとみなして、政令で定める金額を当てはめた場合の金額のことです。これに基準月の属する年度の支給率を掛けた額の合計が、共済金の額に加わります。
略称規定第九条の三第二項・この条の中だけ
共済契約者が共済金の一部について分割払の方法により支給を受けようとする場合における前項の請求は、当該分割払の方法により支給を受けようとする共済金の一部の額(以下この条において「分割払対象額」という。)を定めてしなければならない。
わかりやすく言うと
共済金の一部だけを分割払いで受け取ろうとするときに、共済契約者が請求の際に決める、分割払いで受け取る部分の額のことです。共済金の全額からこの額を差し引いた残りは、一時金として支給されます。
略称規定第九条の三第四項
分割払の方法による共済金の支給の期間(以下「分割支給期間」という。)は、共済契約者の選択により、第一項の請求後最初の支給期月から十年間又は十五年間のいずれかとする。
わかりやすく言うと
共済金を分割払いで受け取る期間のことで、共済契約者が、分割払いの請求後最初の支給期月から十年間か十五年間のどちらかを選びます。
略称規定第九条の三第五項
支給期月ごとの共済金(以下「分割共済金」という。)の額は、共済金の額(共済金の一部について分割払の方法により支給する場合にあつては、分割払対象額)に…
わかりやすく言うと
共済金を分割払いで受け取る場合に、支給期月(毎年一月・三月・五月・七月・九月・十一月)ごとに支給される共済金のことです。額は、共済金の額(一部だけを分割払いにする場合は分割払対象額)に、分割支給期間に応じて政令で定める率を掛けた金額です。
略称規定第九条の三第五項・この規定及び第九条の四第二項の中だけ
支給期月ごとの共済金(以下「分割共済金」という。)の額は、共済金の額(共済金の一部について分割払の方法により支給する場合にあつては、分割払対象額)に、分割支給期間に応じ政令で定める率(次条第二項において「分割支給率」という。)を乗じて得た…
わかりやすく言うと
分割払いで支給期月ごとに受け取る共済金(分割共済金)の額を出すために、共済金の額(一部だけを分割払いにする場合は分割払対象額)に掛ける率のことで、分割支給期間に応じて政令で定められます。
略称規定第九条の四第一項
…それぞれ当該各号に定める者に対し、その事由が生じた時までに支給期月の到来していない分割共済金の額の現価に相当する金額(以下「現価相当額」という。)の合計額を一括して支給するものとする。
わかりやすく言うと
共済金を分割払いで受け取ることにした後、共済契約者が死亡したときや、重度の障害など経済産業省令で定める特別の事情が生じて一括払いを請求したときに、まだ支給期月が来ていない分割共済金の額を、経済産業大臣が定める利率で割り引いて今の価値に直した金額のことです。
略称規定第十三条第二項・この項及び第十五条の中だけ
…当該共済契約者の共済契約(以下この項及び第十五条において「旧共済契約」という。)に係る共済金等の全部の支給を受ける権利を有するもの(第十五条ただし書の規定により条件付権利の譲渡しを受けたものを含む。)が…
わかりやすく言うと
個人の小規模企業者として共済契約を結んだ人の事業の全部を、その配偶者か子が一人で譲り受けるか相続したときの、もとの人の共済契約のことです(第十三条第二項)。ただし、その契約についてこの項による掛金納付月数の通算をすでに受けたことのある人の契約は含みません。
略称規定第十六条の二第一項
…その遺族又は共済契約者であつた者に共済金等を支給すべき場合において、前条の規定により返還を受けるべき共済金等、納付を受けるべき掛金(割増金を含む。)又は独立行政法人中小企業基盤整備機構法(平成十四年法律第百四十七号。以下「機構法」という…
わかりやすく言うと
独立行政法人中小企業基盤整備機構について定めた法律、独立行政法人中小企業基盤整備機構法(平成十四年法律第百四十七号)のことです。
略称規定第二十五条第一項
機構は、機構法第十八条第一項第四号に掲げる業務に係る勘定に属する業務上の余裕金(以下「小規模企業共済勘定余裕金」という。)の運用に関して、運用の目的その他経済産業省令で定める事項を記載した基本方針を作成し…
わかりやすく言うと
中小企業基盤整備機構が、小規模企業共済事業とこれに関連する情報収集・調査研究の業務、付随する業務、共済契約者などへの資金の貸付けの業務について区分して経理する勘定に属する、業務上の余裕金のことです(独立行政法人中小企業基盤整備機構法第十八条第一項第四号)。
解除
契約や法律の規定により当事者の一方が解除権を持つとき、相手方に対する意思表示によって契約を終わらせることです(民法第五百四十条第一項)。民法は、相手方が債務を履行しないときの解除を定めています。相当の期間を定めて履行を催告してもその期間内に履行がないときは解除でき(残った不履行が軽微なときを除きます。同法第五百四十一条)、履行の全部が不能であるとき、相手方が履行を拒む意思をはっきり示したときなど、履行を受ける見込みがないことが明らかなときは、催告をせずにすぐ解除できます(同法第五百四十二条第一項)。解除すると、各当事者は相手方を元の状態に戻す義務を負い、損害賠償の請求もできます(同法第五百四十五条第一項・第四項)。ただし、賃貸借の解除は将来に向かってのみ効力を生じます(同法第六百二十条)。取り消された行為が初めから無効であったものとみなされる取消し(同法第百二十一条)とは異なります。
民法第121条・第540条・第541条・第542条・第545条・第620条を参考にAIが作成。
戸籍
人の出生や婚姻、親子関係などを記録する公の帳簿で、本籍を定めた夫婦と、その夫婦と同じ氏の子ごとに作られます。外国人と結婚した人や配偶者のいない人について新しく戸籍を作るときは、その人と、その人と同じ氏の子ごとに作られます(戸籍法第六条)。戸籍の事務は、法律に別の定めがある場合を除き、市町村長(東京都の特別区や政令指定都市の区では区長)が行います(同法第一条・第四条)。一人ひとりについて、本籍のほか、氏名とその振り仮名、生年月日、戸籍に入った理由と日付、父母、養子であれば養親、夫婦であることなどが記載されます(同法第十三条)。記載は、出生・婚姻・離婚・死亡などの届出(同法第四十九条・第七十四条・第七十六条・第八十六条)や、報告、申請、裁判などにもとづいて行われます(同法第十五条)。日本人と外国人の婚姻の届出があったときは、夫婦ではなくその日本人について新しい戸籍が作られます。ただし、その日本人がすでに自分の戸籍の筆頭に記載されているときは、新しい戸籍は作られません(同法第六条・第十六条第三項)。日本に住所のある中長期在留者や特別永住者などの外国人は、その市町村の住民票に記載されます。その住民票には、戸籍の表示の代わりに国籍などが記載され、中長期在留者であれば在留資格や在留期間も記載されます(住民基本台帳法第三十条の四十五)。これらにあたらない外国人は、住民票に記載されません(同法第三十九条)。
戸籍法第1条・第4条・第6条・第13条・第15条・第16条・第49条・第74条・第76条・第86条、住民基本台帳法第7条・第30条の45・第39条を参考にAIが作成。
条例
地方公共団体が自ら定めるきまりです。都道府県、市町村、東京都の特別区がそれぞれ定めます(地方自治法第一条の三・第二百八十一条・第二百八十三条)。住民が選挙した議員でつくる議会(同法第八十九条)の議決で制定され(同法第九十六条第一項第一号)、知事や市町村長などその団体の長(同法第百三十九条)が公布します(同法第十六条)。憲法は、地方公共団体が法律の範囲内で条例を制定できるとしており(日本国憲法第九十四条)、法律・政令・省令などの法令に違反することはできません(地方自治法第十四条第一項)。法令に特別の定めがある場合を除き、地方公共団体が人に義務を課したり権利を制限したりするには、条例によらなければなりません(同条第二項)。条例に違反した人に対する罰則も、同法が定める範囲で設けることができます(同条第三項)。条例はその地方公共団体の事務について定めるもの(同法第二条第二項・第十四条第一項)なので、同じ事柄でも地域によって扱いが違うことがあります。国の法令である省令(「施行規則」など)とは別のものです。
日本国憲法第94条、地方自治法第1条の3・第2条・第14条・第16条・第89条・第96条・第139条・第281条・第283条を参考にAIが作成。
独立行政法人中小企業基盤整備機構
中小企業者その他の事業者の事業活動に必要な助言、研修、資金の貸付け、出資、助成、債務の保証、地域における施設の整備、共済制度の運営などの事業を行い、中小企業者その他の事業者の事業活動を活性化するための基盤を整えることを目的とする独立行政法人です(独立行政法人中小企業基盤整備機構法第三条・第四条)。小規模企業共済法による小規模企業共済事業と、中小企業倒産防止共済法による中小企業倒産防止共済事業も、この機構が行います(独立行政法人中小企業基盤整備機構法第十五条第一項第十六号・第十七号)。
独立行政法人中小企業基盤整備機構法第3条・第4条・第15条を参考にAIが作成。
特別区
都の区のことです(地方自治法第二百八十一条第一項)。今ある特別区は、東京都の二十三区だけです。特別区は、市町村と同じく住民に身近な地方公共団体(基礎的な地方公共団体)で、都が特別区のある区域全体でまとめて行う仕事を除き、ふつうは市町村が行う仕事を行います(同法第二百八十一条の二第二項)。市の仕事について定めた法令の規定は、その仕事を特別区が行う場合には特別区にも当てはまります(同法第二百八十一条第二項・第二百八十三条第二項)。そのまま当てはめにくいときは、政令で特別の定めを置くことができます(同法第二百八十三条第三項)。
地方自治法第281条・第281条の2・第283条、Wikipedia「特別区」を参考にAIが作成。