Article 95
If a representative of a corporation, or an agent, an employee, or any other worker of a corporation or of an individual has, with regard to the business or property of the corporation or individual, violated the provisions referred to in any of the following items, in addition to the offender being punished, the corporation or individual is sentenced to the fine prescribed in each of those items:
法人の代表者又は法人若しくは人の代理人、使用人その他の従業者が、その法人又は人の業務又は財産に関して、次の各号に掲げる規定の違反行為をしたときは、行為者を罰するほか、その法人又は人に対しても、当該各号に定める罰金刑を科する。
Article 89: Fine of not more than five hundred million yen;
第八十九条 五億円以下の罰金刑
Article 90, item (iii) (excluding violation of an order pursuant to the provisions of Article 7, paragraph (1); or Article 8-2, paragraphs (1) or (3) (limited to portions ordering the party to cease and desist from the act in violation of the provisions of Article 3 or Article 8, item (i))): Fine of not more than three hundred million yen;
Article 94: Fine of not more than two hundred million yen; or
第九十四条 二億円以下の罰金刑
Article 90, item (i), (ii), or (iii) (limited to violation of an order pursuant to the provisions of Article 7, paragraph (1) or Article 8-2, paragraph (1) or (3) (limited to portions ordering the party to cease and desist from the act in violation of the provisions of Article 3 or Article 8, item (i))), Article 91, Article 91-2, or Article 94-2: Fine as provided in each of the Articles.
If a representative, manager, agent, employee, or any other worker of an unincorporated entity has violated the provisions referred to in any of the following items with regard to the business or property of the organization, in addition to the offender being punished, the organization is also sentenced to the fine prescribed in each of those items:
法人でない団体の代表者、管理人、代理人、使用人その他の従業者がその団体の業務又は財産に関して、次の各号に掲げる規定の違反行為をしたときは、行為者を罰するほか、その団体に対しても、当該各号に定める罰金刑を科する。
Article 89: Fine of not more than five hundred million yen;
第八十九条 五億円以下の罰金刑
Article 90, item (iii) (excluding violation of an order pursuant to the provisions of Article 7, paragraph (1) or Article 8-2, paragraph (1) or (3) (limited to portions ordering the party to cease and desist from the act in violation of the provisions of Article 3 or Article 8, item (i))): Fine of not more than three hundred million yen;
Article 94: Fine of not more than two hundred million yen; or
第九十四条 二億円以下の罰金刑
Article 90, items (i), (ii), or (iii) (limited to violation of an order pursuant to the provisions of Article 7, paragraph (1) or Article 8-2, paragraph (1) or (3) (limited to portions ordering the party to cease and desist from the act in violation of the provisions of Article 3 or Article 8, item (i))), or Article 94-2: Fine as provided in each of the Articles.
If a representative of a corporation, or an agent, employee or any other worker of a corporation or an individual has, with regard to the business of the corporation or individual, violated paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, in addition to the offender being punished, the corporation is sentenced to a fine of not more than three hundred million yen, or the individual is sentenced to the fine prescribed in the paragraph.
The period of prescription of a penalty sentenced to a fine, to be imposed on a corporation, an individual or organization pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) or (2) in regard to a violation of Article 89 is the same as those for the offenses prescribed in the Article.
In cases under paragraph (2), the representative or manager represents the organization in the procedural act, and the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure that are applicable to the procedural act if a corporation is the accused or the suspect apply mutatis mutandis.
The period of prescription for a sentence to a fine imposed upon a corporation or an individual pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (3) in regard to a violation of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article is the same as for the offences prescribed in the paragraph.
Article 95-2
If a violation of Article 89, paragraph (1), item (i); Article 90, item (i) or (iii); or Article 91 occurs, the representative of the relevant corporation (excluding those that fall under the category of a trade association for a violation of Article 90, items (i) or (iii)) that has failed to take necessary measures to prevent the violation despite the knowledge of a plan for the violation or that has failed to take necessary measures to rectify the violation despite the knowledge of the violation, is also to be punished by the fine as prescribed in the relevant Article.
Article 95-3
If a violation of Article 89, paragraph (1), item (ii) or Article 90 occurs, a director or any other officer or a manager of the relevant trade association or its constituent enterprise (including, if the officer, employee, agent, or other person who has engaged in the act for the benefit of an enterprise was a constituent enterprise, the relevant enterprise) that has failed to take necessary measures to prevent the violation despite the knowledge of a plan for the violation or who has failed to take necessary measures to rectify the violation despite knowledge of the violation, is also to be punished by the fine as prescribed in each of the Articles.
If a director or any other officer or a manager of the relevant trade association or its constituent enterprise as provided in the preceding paragraph is a corporation or any other organization, the provisions of the preceding paragraph apply to the director or other officer or manager of the organization.
Article 95-4
If the court finds that sufficient grounds exist, it may sentence a trade association to dissolution, simultaneously with the rendition of punishments as provided in Article 89, paragraph (1), item (ii) or Article 90.
裁判所は、十分な理由があると認めるときは、第八十九条第一項第二号又は第九十条に規定する刑の言渡しと同時に、事業者団体の解散を宣告することができる。
If a trade association has been sentenced to dissolution pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the trade association is dissolved by virtue of the sentence, notwithstanding the provisions of any other laws or regulations, articles of incorporation or other stipulations.
Article 96
A crime under Articles 89 through 91 is considered only after an accusation is filed by the Japan Fair Trade Commission.
第八十九条から第九十一条までの罪は、公正取引委員会の告発を待つて、これを論ずる。
The accusation set forth in the preceding paragraph is made in writing.
前項の告発は、文書をもつてこれを行う。
In filing an accusation under paragraph (1), whenever the Japan Fair Trade Commission finds it to be appropriate for the sentence under paragraph (1) of the preceding Article or Article 100, paragraph (1), item (i) to be rendered with respect to a crime related to the accusation, the Japan Fair Trade Commission may state to that effect in the written accusation set forth under the preceding paragraph.
The accusation under paragraph (1) cannot be revoked after institution of prosecution.
第一項の告発は、公訴の提起があつた後は、これを取り消すことができない。
Article 97
Any person who has violated a cease and desist order is subject to a non-criminal fine of not more than five hundred thousand yen provided, however, that the foregoing does not apply if the relevant act is to be punished.
排除措置命令に違反したものは、五十万円以下の過料に処する。ただし、その行為につき刑を科するべきときは、この限りでない。
Article 98
Any person who has violated a judicial decision under the provisions of Article 70-4, paragraph (1) is punished by a non-criminal fine of not more than three hundred thousand yen.
第七十条の四第一項の規定による裁判に違反したものは、三十万円以下の過料に処する。
Deleted.
削除
Article 100
In cases under Article 89 or 90, the court may issue the following sentences simultaneously with the rendition of punishments, depending on the circumstances provided, however, that the sentence under item (i) is limited to a case in which the relevant patent right, or exclusive or non-exclusive license for a patented invention belongs to the perpetrator:
that the patent under patent right or the exclusive or non-exclusive license for the patented invention which was used for the violation should be revoked; and
違反行為に供せられた特許権の特許又は特許発明の専用実施権若しくは通常実施権は取り消されるべき旨
that the perpetrator may not enter into a contract with the government for a period of not less than six months and not more than three years after the judgment becoming final and binding.
判決確定後六月以上三年以下の期間、政府との間に契約をすることができない旨
When a judgment with a sentence as provided in item (i) of the preceding paragraph becomes final and binding, the court must send a copy to the Commissioner of the Patent Office.
前項第一号の宣告をした判決が確定したときは、裁判所は、判決の謄本を特許庁長官に送付しなければならない。
The Commissioner of the Patent Office must revoke the patent under the patent right, or the exclusive or non-exclusive license for the patented invention, upon receipt of the copy of the judgment under the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
前項の規定による判決の謄本の送付があつたときは、特許庁長官は、その特許権の特許又は特許発明の専用実施権若しくは通常実施権を取り消さなければならない。
定義第二条第二項・法令全体に適用
事業者としての共通の利益を増進することを主たる目的とする二以上の事業者の結合体又はその連合体
わかりやすく言うと
事業者としての共通の利益を増やすことを主な目的とする、二つ以上の事業者の集まりやその連合体のことで、社団、財団、組合などの形のものも含みます。ただし、資本や出資を持ち、営利の事業を営むことを主な目的として実際に営んでいるものは含みません。
定義第二条第三項・法令全体に適用
理事、取締役、執行役、業務を執行する社員、監事若しくは監査役若しくはこれらに準ずる者、支配人又は本店若しくは支店の事業の主任者
略称規定第四十九条第一項
公正取引委員会は、第七条第一項若しくは第二項(第八条の二第二項及び第二十条第二項において準用する場合を含む。)、第八条の二第一項若しくは第三項、第十七条の二又は第二十条第一項の規定による命令(以下「排除措置命令」という。)をしようとすると…
わかりやすく言うと
私的独占や不当な取引制限、事業者団体の違反、株式保有や合併などの規制への違反、不公正な取引方法などについて、公正取引委員会が、違反行為を排除するため、またはすでになくなった違反行為が排除されたことを確保するために必要な措置を命じる命令のことです。
定款
会社を設立するときに発起人(持分会社では社員になろうとする者)が作成する、会社の根本規則です(会社法第二十六条・第五百七十五条)。目的・商号・本店の所在地・設立に際して出資される財産の価額又はその最低額・発起人の氏名又は名称及び住所は必ず記載します(第二十七条)。株式会社の定款は公証人の認証を受けなければ効力を生じず(第三十条第一項)、成立後は株主総会の決議で変更できます(第四百六十六条)。「定款に別段の定めがある場合を除き」とする規定が多く、会社法がその会社にどう適用されるかを定款が大きく左右します。
会社法第26条・第27条・第30条・第466条・第575条、Wikipedia「定款」を参考にAIが作成。
罰金
金銭を国に納めさせる刑罰で、一万円以上です。減軽する場合は一万円未満に下げることができます(刑法第十五条)。拘禁刑より軽く、拘留や科料より重い刑です(同法第九条・第十条第一項)。完納できない人は、一日以上二年以下(罰金を併科した場合などは三年以下)の期間、労役場に留置され、その期間は刑の言渡しのときに定められます(同法第十八条第一項・第三項・第四項)。裁判が確定した後三十日以内は、本人の承諾がなければ留置の執行はできません(同条第五項)。刑の言渡しが確定した後、三年間執行を受けないと時効が完成し、執行の免除を得ます(同法第三十一条・第三十二条第五号)。ただし、法令により執行を猶予し又は停止した期間や、本人が国外にいる期間は時効が進行せず、執行行為をすると時効は中断します(同法第三十三条・第三十四条第二項)。
刑法第9条・第10条・第15条・第18条・第31条〜第34条を参考にAIが作成。
公正取引委員会
私的独占の禁止及び公正取引の確保に関する法律(独占禁止法)が、その目的を達成するために置く機関です。その目的は、私的独占、不当な取引制限、不公正な取引方法を禁止することなどによって公正で自由な競争を促進し、一般消費者の利益を確保するとともに、国民経済の民主的で健全な発達を促進することです(独占禁止法第一条・第二十七条第一項)。内閣総理大臣の所轄に属しますが、委員長と委員四人は、内閣総理大臣が両議院の同意を得て任命し、独立して職権を行います(独占禁止法第二十七条第二項・第二十八条・第二十九条)。不当景品類及び不当表示防止法では、事業者や事業者団体は、内閣総理大臣と公正取引委員会の認定を受けて、景品類や表示に関する協定や規約を結び、または設定することができます(不当景品類及び不当表示防止法第三十六条第一項)。
独占禁止法第1条・第27条・第28条・第29条、不当景品類及び不当表示防止法第36条を参考にAIが作成。