第二節 手続
Section 2 Proceedings
Article 45
Whenever any person believes there to be a fact in violation of the provisions of this Act, the person may report the fact to the Japan Fair Trade Commission and ask for appropriate measures to be taken.
何人も、この法律の規定に違反する事実があると思料するときは、公正取引委員会に対し、その事実を報告し、適当な措置をとるべきことを求めることができる。
When the Japan Fair Trade Commission receives a report as provided in the preceding paragraph, it must make the necessary investigations into the case.
前項に規定する報告があつたときは、公正取引委員会は、事件について必要な調査をしなければならない。
If a report made pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) includes a written allegation with regard to a specific fact pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Japan Fair Trade Commission, when the Japan Fair Trade Commission decides to take appropriate measures or to take no measures with respect to the case connected with the report, the Japan Fair Trade Commission must promptly notify the person who made the report to that effect.
第一項の規定による報告が、公正取引委員会規則で定めるところにより、書面で具体的な事実を摘示してされた場合において、当該報告に係る事件について、適当な措置をとり、又は措置をとらないこととしたときは、公正取引委員会は、速やかに、その旨を当該報告をした者に通知しなければならない。
When the Japan Fair Trade Commission believes there to be a fact in violation of the provisions of this Act or a fact falling under the purview of a monopolistic situation, the Japan Fair Trade Commission may take appropriate measures on its own authority.
公正取引委員会は、この法律の規定に違反する事実又は独占的状態に該当する事実があると思料するときは、職権をもつて適当な措置をとることができる。
Article 46
If the Japan Fair Trade Commission believes there to be a fact that falls under the purview of a monopolistic situation and decides to take the measures set forth in paragraph (4) of the preceding Article, the Japan Fair Trade Commission must notify the competent minister for the business that the enterprise concerned operates to that effect.
When a notice set forth in the preceding paragraph has been given, the competent minister may express the competent minister's opinion to the Japan Fair Trade Commission regarding the existence or non-existence of a monopolistic situation and other measures that the competent minister considers sufficient to restore competition as provided in the proviso to Article 8-4, paragraph (1).
Article 47
In order to conduct the necessary investigation with regard to a case, the Japan Fair Trade Commission may take the following measures:
公正取引委員会は、事件について必要な調査をするため、次に掲げる処分をすることができる。
order persons concerned with a case or witness to appear to be interrogated, or collect their opinions or reports;
事件関係人又は参考人に出頭を命じて審尋し、又はこれらの者から意見若しくは報告を徴すること。
order expert witnesses to appear to give expert opinions;
鑑定人に出頭を命じて鑑定させること。
order persons holding books and documents and other object to submit the objects, or keep the submitted objects at the Japan Fair Trade Commission; or
帳簿書類その他の物件の所持者に対し、当該物件の提出を命じ、又は提出物件を留めて置くこと。
enter any business office of the persons concerned with a case or other necessary sites, and inspect conditions of business operation and property, books and documents, and other materials.
事件関係人の営業所その他必要な場所に立ち入り、業務及び財産の状況、帳簿書類その他の物件を検査すること。
If the Japan Fair Trade Commission finds it to be appropriate, it may designate a staff member of the Japan Fair Trade Commission as an investigator pursuant to Cabinet Order, and cause the staff member to take the measures set forth in the preceding paragraph.
公正取引委員会が相当と認めるときは、政令で定めるところにより、公正取引委員会の職員を審査官に指定し、前項の処分をさせることができる。
If the Japan Fair Trade Commission causes a staff member to conduct an on-site inspection pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the Japan Fair Trade Commission must instruct the staff member to carry identification and to present it to persons concerned.
前項の規定により職員に立入検査をさせる場合においては、これに身分を示す証明書を携帯させ、関係者に提示させなければならない。
The authority to take measures pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) must not be construed as being granted for conducting criminal investigation.
第一項の規定による処分の権限は、犯罪捜査のために認められたものと解釈してはならない。
Article 48
When the Japan Fair Trade Commission conducts the necessary investigations for a case, it must compile a record of the substance of the investigation, and when it takes a measure provided in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, it must clearly record the date on which the measure was taken and the results.
公正取引委員会は、事件について必要な調査をしたときは、その要旨を調書に記載し、かつ、特に前条第一項に規定する処分があつたときは、処分をした年月日及びその結果を明らかにしておかなければならない。
Article 48-2
If the Japan Fair Trade Commission believes there to be a fact in violation of the provisions of Article 3, Article 6, Article 8, Article 9, paragraph (1) or (2), Article 10, paragraph (1), Article 11, paragraph (1), Article 13, Article 14, Article 15, paragraph (1), Article 15-2, paragraph (1), Article 15-3, paragraph (1), Article 16, paragraph (1), Article 17, or Article 19 and recognizes that it is necessary for promotion of fair and free competition, it may notify the party conducting the act that was the reason for that suspicion of the following matters in writing provided, however, that this does not apply after notice under the provisions of Article 50, paragraph (1) (including when these are applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 62, paragraph (4) following the deemed replacement of terms) was made:
the overview of the relevant act;
当該行為の概要
the clause of laws and regulations for which there is suspicion of violation; and
違反する疑いのある法令の条項
the fact that it is possible to make an application for approval under the provisions of Article 48-3, paragraph (1).
次条第一項の規定による認定の申請をすることができる旨
Article 48-3
A person that has received the notification pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article may, when intending to formulate and implement by itself the measures necessary to eliminate the act that was the reason for the suspicion, prepare a plan (hereinafter referred to as a "cessation measure plan" in this Article and Article 48-5) concerning the measures it intends to implement (hereinafter referred to as "cessation measures" in this Article through Article 48-5), pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Japan Fair Trade Commission, and submit it to the Japan Fair Trade Commission within 60 days from the date of the notification to apply for its approval.
The cessation measure plan must contain the following:
排除措置計画には、次に掲げる事項を記載しなければならない。
the content of the cessation measures;
排除措置の内容
the deadline for conducting the cessation measures; and
排除措置の実施期限
other matters specified by the Rules of the Japan Fair Trade Commission.
その他公正取引委員会規則で定める事項
When there has been an application for approval pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), the Japan Fair Trade Commission is to approve the plan if the Japan Fair Trade Commission finds that the cessation measure plan conforms to both of the following items:
the cessation measures are sufficient for ceasing the act that was the reason for the suspicion; and
排除措置が疑いの理由となつた行為を排除するために十分なものであること。
the cessation measures are expected to be reliably conducted.
排除措置が確実に実施されると見込まれるものであること。
The approval of the preceding paragraph must be rendered in writing, and the Chair and Commissioners who attended the meeting pursuant to the provisions of Article 65, paragraph (1) must affix their names and seals on the statement of approval.
The approval under the provisions of paragraph (3) takes effect by serving a copy of the statement of approval on its addressee.
第三項の認定は、その名宛人に認定書の謄本を送達することによつて、その効力を生ずる。
When there has been an application for approval pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), the Japan Fair Trade Commission must render a decision to dismiss it if the Japan Fair Trade Commission finds that the cessation measure plan does not conform to any of the items of paragraph (3).
The provisions of paragraphs (4) and (5) apply mutatis mutandis to a decision pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph. In this case, the term "statement of approval" in paragraphs (4) and (5) is deemed to be replaced with "statement of decision".
When a party that has received the approval of paragraph (3) intends to change the cessation measure plan related to that approval, it must receive approval by the Japan Fair Trade Commission, pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Japan Fair Trade Commission.
The provisions of paragraphs (3) through (7) apply mutatis mutandis to approval for changes pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
第三項から第七項までの規定は、前項の規定による変更の認定について準用する。
Article 48-4
The provisions of Article 7, paragraphs (1) and (2) (including when these are applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 8-2, paragraph (2) and Article 20, paragraph (2)), Article 7-2, paragraph (1) (including when these are applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 8-3 following the deemed replacement of terms), Article 7-9, paragraph (1) and (2), Article 8-2, paragraph (1) and (3), Article 17-2, Article 20, paragraph (1), and Article 20-2 through Article 20-6 do not apply for the act that was the reason for suspicion related to that approval and the act related to the cessation measures, if the Japan Fair Trade Commission gave the approval of paragraph (3) of the preceding Article (including approval for changes pursuant to Article 48-3, paragraph (8); the same applies in the following Article, Article 65, Article 68, paragraph (1), and Article 76, paragraph (2)) provided, however, that this does not apply if there is a decision pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of the following Article.
第七条第一項及び第二項(第八条の二第二項及び第二十条第二項において準用する場合を含む。)、第七条の二第一項(第八条の三において読み替えて準用する場合を含む。)、第七条の九第一項及び第二項、第八条の二第一項及び第三項、第十七条の二、第二十条第一項並びに第二十条の二から第二十条の六までの規定は、公正取引委員会が前条第三項の認定(同条第八項の規定による変更の認定を含む。次条、第六十五条、第六十八条第一項及び第七十六条第二項において同じ。)をした場合において、当該認定に係る疑いの理由となつた行為及び排除措置に係る行為については、適用しない。ただし、次条第一項の規定による決定があつた場合は、この限りでない。
Article 48-5
When either of the following items applies, the Japan Fair Trade Commission must render a decision to rescind the approval of Article 48-3, paragraph (3):
公正取引委員会は、次の各号のいずれかに該当するときは、決定で、第四十八条の三第三項の認定を取り消さなければならない。
when the Japan Fair Trade Commission recognizes that the cessation measures are not being conducted according to the cessation measure plan that received the approval of Article 48-3, paragraph (3); or
第四十八条の三第三項の認定を受けた排除措置計画に従つて排除措置が実施されていないと認めるとき。
when it has been revealed that the party that received the approval of Article 48-3, paragraph (3) received that approval based on false or wrongful facts.
第四十八条の三第三項の認定を受けた者が虚偽又は不正の事実に基づいて当該認定を受けたことが判明したとき。
The provisions of Article 48-3, paragraphs (4) and (5) apply mutatis mutandis to a decision pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph. In this case, the term "statement of approval" in Article 48-3, paragraphs (4) and (5) is deemed to be replaced with "statement of decision".
第四十八条の三第四項及び第五項の規定は、前項の規定による決定について準用する。この場合において、同条第四項及び第五項中「認定書」とあるのは、「決定書」と読み替えるものとする。
When there has been rescission of the approval of Article 48-3, paragraph (3) pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), when that rescission was on or after the date two years before the expiration date of the period stipulated in proviso to Article 7, paragraph (2) (including when these are applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 8-2, paragraph (2) and Article 20, paragraph (2); the same applies hereinafter in this paragraph), an order pursuant to the provisions of Article 7, paragraph (2) (including when these are applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 8-2, paragraph (2) and Article 20, paragraph (2)) or Article 8-2, paragraph (3) may be issued for the act that was the reason for the suspicion related to that approval, notwithstanding the provisions of proviso to Article 7, paragraph (2), also within the two-year period from the date of the decision for rescission.
The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis to an order pursuant to the provisions of Article 7-2, paragraph (1) (including when applied mutatis mutandis following the deemed replacement of terms pursuant to Article 8-3), Article 7-9, paragraph (1) or (2), or Articles 20-2 through 20-6. In this case, the phrase "proviso to Article 7, paragraph (2) (including when these are applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 8-2, paragraph (2) and Article 20, paragraph (2)" in the preceding paragraph is deemed to be replaced with "Article 7-8, paragraph (6) (including when these are applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 7-9, paragraph (3) and Article 8-3 and when they are applied mutatis mutandis following the deemed replacement of terms pursuant to Article 7-9, paragraph (4) and Article 20-7", and the phrase "the provisions of proviso to Article 7, paragraph (2)" with "the provisions of Article 7-8, paragraph (6)".
Article 48-6
When the Japan Fair Trade Commission finds it to be particularly necessary for promotion of fair and free competition, even if the act that was the reason for the suspicion of violation of the provisions of Article 3, Article 6, Article 8, or Article 19 has already ceased to exist, it may notify the party stated in item (i) of the matters in item (ii) in writing provided, however, that this does not apply after notice was made pursuant to the provisions of Article 50, paragraph (1) (including when these are applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 62, paragraph (4) following the deemed replacement of terms).
the following party:
次に掲げる者
the party who committed the act that was the reason for the suspicion;
疑いの理由となつた行為をした者
if the party who committed the act that was the reason for the suspicion is a corporation, any corporation surviving, or established as a result of the merger when the corporation ceased to exist;
疑いの理由となつた行為をした者が法人である場合において、当該法人が合併により消滅したときにおける合併後存続し、又は合併により設立された法人
if the party who committed the act that was the reason for the suspicion is a corporation, any corporation who has acquired all or part of the business involving the relevant act from the corporation by virtue of a company split; or
疑いの理由となつた行為をした者が法人である場合において、当該法人から分割により当該行為に係る事業の全部又は一部を承継した法人
any party who acquired all or part of the business involving the relevant act from the party who committed the act that was the reason for the suspicion.
疑いの理由となつた行為をした者から当該行為に係る事業の全部又は一部を譲り受けた者
the following matters:
次に掲げる事項
the overview of the act that was the reason for the suspicion;
疑いの理由となつた行為の概要
the clause of the laws and regulations for which there was suspicion of violation; and
違反する疑いのあつた法令の条項
the fact that it is possible to make an application for approval under the provisions of Article 48-7, paragraph (1).
次条第一項の規定による認定の申請をすることができる旨
定義第二条第四項・法令全体に適用
二以上の事業者がその通常の事業活動の範囲内において、かつ、当該事業活動の施設又は態様に重要な変更を加えることなく次に掲げる行為をし、又はすることができる状態
わかりやすく言うと
二つ以上の事業者が、普段の事業活動の範囲で、設備ややり方を大きく変えずに、同じ買い手に同種又は似た商品や役務を供給したり、同じ売り手から同種又は似た商品や役務の供給を受けたりしている状態、又はそうできる状態のことです。
定義第二条第七項・法令全体に適用
同種の商品(当該同種の商品に係る通常の事業活動の施設又は態様に重要な変更を加えることなく供給することができる商品を含む。)(以下この項において「一定の商品」という。)並びにこれとその機能及び効用が著しく類似している他の商品で国内において供給されたもの(輸出されたものを除く。)の価額(当該商品に直接課される租税の額に相当する額を控除した額とする。)又は国内において供給された同種の役務の価額(当該役務の提供を受ける者に当該役務に関して課される租税の額に相当する額を控除した額とする。)の政令で定める最近の一年間における合計額が千億円を超える場合における当該一定の商品又は役務に係る一定の事業分野において、次に掲げる市場構造及び市場における弊害があること
わかりやすく言うと
国内で供給された同種の商品とこれに機能や効用が著しく似た商品、又は同種の役務の、政令で定める最近一年間の合計額が千億円を超える事業分野で、一社の占拠率が二分の一超か二社で四分の三超、新規参入が著しく困難で、かつ価格や利益などに法が定める弊害がある状態のことです。
略称規定第四十八条の三第一項・この条及び第四十八条の四及び第四十八条の五の中だけ
前条の規定による通知を受けた者は、疑いの理由となつた行為を排除するために必要な措置を自ら策定し、実施しようとするときは、公正取引委員会規則で定めるところにより、その実施しようとする措置(以下この条から第四十八条の五までにおいて「排除措置」…
わかりやすく言うと
独占禁止法の一定の規定に違反する疑いがあると公正取引委員会から通知を受けた者が、疑いの理由となった行為を排除するために自ら作って実施しようとする措置のことです。
略称規定第四十八条の三第一項・この条及び第四十八条の五の中だけ
…実施しようとするときは、公正取引委員会規則で定めるところにより、その実施しようとする措置(以下この条から第四十八条の五までにおいて「排除措置」という。)に関する計画(以下この条及び第四十八条の五において「排除措置計画」という。)を作成し…
わかりやすく言うと
独占禁止法の一定の規定に違反する疑いがあると公正取引委員会から通知を受けた者が、疑いの理由となった行為を排除するために自ら実施しようとする措置の計画のことです。措置の内容や実施期限などを書き、通知の日から六十日以内に提出して認定を申請できます。
公正取引委員会
私的独占の禁止及び公正取引の確保に関する法律(独占禁止法)が、その目的を達成するために置く機関です。その目的は、私的独占、不当な取引制限、不公正な取引方法を禁止することなどによって公正で自由な競争を促進し、一般消費者の利益を確保するとともに、国民経済の民主的で健全な発達を促進することです(独占禁止法第一条・第二十七条第一項)。内閣総理大臣の所轄に属しますが、委員長と委員四人は、内閣総理大臣が両議院の同意を得て任命し、独立して職権を行います(独占禁止法第二十七条第二項・第二十八条・第二十九条)。不当景品類及び不当表示防止法では、事業者や事業者団体は、内閣総理大臣と公正取引委員会の認定を受けて、景品類や表示に関する協定や規約を結び、または設定することができます(不当景品類及び不当表示防止法第三十六条第一項)。
独占禁止法第1条・第27条・第28条・第29条、不当景品類及び不当表示防止法第36条を参考にAIが作成。