Article 382Notice from Registry Office and Entry in Land Tax Ledger or House Tax Ledger Based on It
第三百八十二条(登記所からの通知及びこれに基づく土地課税台帳又は家屋課税台帳への記載)
When a registry office has made a registration concerning the description of land or a building, it must, within 10 days, notify the mayor of the municipality in which that land or house is located of that fact and other matters specified by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications.
登記所は、土地又は建物の表示に関する登記をしたときは、十日以内に、その旨その他総務省令で定める事項を当該土地又は家屋の所在地の市町村長に通知しなければならない。
The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis to the following cases.
前項の規定は、次に掲げる場合について準用する。
where a registration of ownership, pledge or superficies right with a specified duration of more than 100 years, or the cancellation of such a registration, a registration of change or registration of correction concerning the name or designation or address of the nominal holder of registration of those rights, or a registration of change of a superficies right changing a duration of more than 100 years to a duration of less than 100 years has been made (excluding the case where a registration of preservation of ownership has been made for the owner recorded in the title section of the register, or where that registration has been cancelled);
所有権、質権若しくは百年より長い存続期間の定めのある地上権の登記又はこれらの登記の抹消、これらの権利の登記名義人の氏名若しくは名称若しくは住所についての変更の登記若しくは更正の登記若しくは百年より長い存続期間を百年より短い存続期間に変更する地上権の変更の登記をした場合(登記簿の表題部に記録した所有者のために所有権の保存の登記をした場合又は当該登記を抹消した場合を除く。)
where an annotation has been made under Article 76-3, paragraph (3) of the Real Property Registration Act;
不動産登記法第七十六条の三第三項の規定による付記をした場合
where a code has been indicated under Article 76-4 of the Real Property Registration Act;
不動産登記法第七十六条の四の規定による符号の表示をした場合
where a request under Article 119, paragraph (6) of the Real Property Registration Act has been received from the owner recorded in the title section of the register, or the nominal holder of registration of ownership, pledge or superficies right with a specified duration of more than 100 years, or another person specified by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications;
登記簿の表題部に記録した所有者又は所有権、質権若しくは百年より長い存続期間の定めのある地上権の登記名義人その他総務省令で定める者から不動産登記法第百十九条第六項の申出を受けた場合
in addition to those listed in the preceding items, cases specified by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications.
前各号に掲げるもののほか、総務省令で定める場合
When the mayor of the municipality has received a notice from the registry office under paragraph (1) (including as applied mutatis mutandis in the preceding paragraph (limited to the part pertaining to item (i))), the mayor must without delay enter changes concerning that land or house in the land tax ledger or house tax ledger (or, where the maintenance of that land tax ledger or house tax ledger is carried out by maintaining an electronic or magnetic record under Article 380, paragraph (2), record them; the same applies hereinafter in this paragraph), or correct the matters entered therein.
Article 382-2Inspection of Fixed Assets Tax Ledger
第三百八十二条の二(固定資産課税台帳の閲覧)
In response to a request from a person liable for tax or any other person specified by Cabinet Order, the mayor of the municipality must make available for inspection by those persons the portion of the fixed assets tax ledger in which matters concerning the fixed assets specified by Cabinet Order as relating to those persons (excluding matters specified by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications; hereinafter the same in this paragraph) are entered (where the fixed assets tax ledger is kept by keeping electronic or magnetic records under Article 380, paragraph (2), recorded; hereinafter the same in this Article, the following Article and Article 394) or a copy of that portion (where the fixed assets tax ledger is kept by keeping electronic or magnetic records under that paragraph, a document stating the matters recorded in the fixed assets tax ledger; the same in Article 387, paragraph (3)). However, where it is found that disclosure of the address entered in that portion could endanger a person's life or body, or where it is otherwise found inappropriate to make that portion or a copy of it available for inspection, the mayor may make available for inspection that portion with measures specified by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications applied to it, or a copy of it (where the fixed assets tax ledger is kept by keeping electronic or magnetic records under Article 380, paragraph (2), a document stating the matters recorded in the portion with the measures specified by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications applied to it).
市町村長は、納税義務者その他の政令で定める者の求めに応じ、固定資産課税台帳のうちこれらの者に係る固定資産として政令で定めるものに関する事項(総務省令で定める事項を除く。以下この項において同じ。)が記載(当該固定資産課税台帳の備付けが第三百八十条第二項の規定により電磁的記録の備付けをもつて行われている場合には、記録。以下この条、次条及び第三百九十四条において同じ。)をされている部分又はその写し(当該固定資産課税台帳の備付けが同項の規定により電磁的記録の備付けをもつて行われている場合には、当該固定資産課税台帳に記録をされている事項を記載した書類。第三百八十七条第三項において同じ。)をこれらの者の閲覧に供しなければならない。ただし、当該部分に記載をされている住所が明らかにされることにより人の生命又は身体に危害を及ぼすおそれがあると認められる場合その他当該部分又はその写しを閲覧に供することが適当でないと認められる場合には、当該部分に総務省令で定める措置を講じたもの又はその写し(当該固定資産課税台帳の備付けが第三百八十条第二項の規定により電磁的記録の備付けをもつて行われている場合には、当該総務省令で定める措置を講じたものに記録をされている事項を記載した書類)を閲覧に供することができる。
When the mayor of the municipality makes the fixed assets tax ledger (including one to which the measures under the proviso to paragraph (1) of this Article have been applied; hereinafter the same in this paragraph and Article 382-4) or a copy of it available for inspection under the preceding paragraph, the mayor may display the matters entered in the fixed assets tax ledger on a screen for inspection.
Article 382-3Issuance of Certificates of Matters Entered in the Fixed Assets Tax Ledger
第三百八十二条の三(固定資産課税台帳に記載をされている事項の証明書の交付)
In addition to what is provided for in Article 20-10, when requested by a person specified by Cabinet Order, the mayor of the municipality must issue a certificate of those matters, specified by Cabinet Order, among the matters entered in the fixed assets tax ledger concerning the fixed assets specified by Cabinet Order as relating to those persons. However, where it is found that disclosure of the address stated in the certificate could endanger a person's life or body, or where it is otherwise found inappropriate to issue the certificate, the mayor may issue the certificate with measures specified by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications applied to it.
市町村長は、第二十条の十の規定によるもののほか、政令で定める者の請求があつたときは、これらの者に係る固定資産として政令で定めるものに関して固定資産課税台帳に記載をされている事項のうち政令で定めるものについての証明書を交付しなければならない。ただし、当該証明書に記載されている住所が明らかにされることにより人の生命又は身体に危害を及ぼすおそれがあると認められる場合その他当該証明書を交付することが適当でないと認められる場合には、当該証明書に総務省令で定める措置を講じたものを交付することができる。
Article 382-4Special Provisions on Inspection, etc. of the Fixed Assets Tax Ledger
第三百八十二条の四(固定資産課税台帳の閲覧等の特例)
When the mayor of the municipality makes the fixed assets tax ledger or a copy of it available for inspection under Article 382-2, makes an owner-indexed land ledger or owner-indexed house ledger, or a copy of either, available for inspection under Article 387, paragraph (3) or (4), or issues a certificate (including one to which the measures under the proviso to the preceding Article have been applied) under Article 20-10 or the preceding Article, and the address entered (where the fixed assets tax ledger, owner-indexed land ledger or owner-indexed house ledger is kept by keeping electronic or magnetic records under Article 380, paragraph (2) or Article 387, paragraph (2), recorded; hereinafter the same in this Article) in the fixed assets tax ledger, owner-indexed land ledger or owner-indexed house ledger concerned in that inspection or issuance is the address (limited to one specified by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications) of a person to whom a notice under Article 382, paragraph (1) as applied mutatis mutandis in Article 382, paragraph (2) (limited to the part relating to item (iv)) relates (limited to cases specified by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications), the mayor must, notwithstanding Article 20-10, Article 382-2, the preceding Article and Article 387, paragraphs (3) and (4), and as provided by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, make available for inspection the fixed assets tax ledger, owner-indexed land ledger or owner-indexed house ledger in which the matters specified by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications have been entered in place of that address, or a copy of it (where the fixed assets tax ledger, owner-indexed land ledger or owner-indexed house ledger is kept by keeping electronic or magnetic records under Article 380, paragraph (2) or Article 387, paragraph (2), a document stating the matters recorded in the ledger in which the matters specified by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications have been recorded), or issue the certificate stating the matters specified by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications in place of that address.
市町村長は、第三百八十二条の二の規定により固定資産課税台帳若しくはその写しを閲覧に供し、若しくは第三百八十七条第三項若しくは第四項の規定により土地名寄帳若しくは家屋名寄帳若しくはそれらの写しを閲覧に供し、又は第二十条の十若しくは前条の規定により証明書(同条ただし書の規定による措置を講じたものを含む。)を交付する場合において、当該閲覧又は交付に係る固定資産課税台帳又は土地名寄帳若しくは家屋名寄帳に記載(当該固定資産課税台帳又は土地名寄帳若しくは家屋名寄帳の備付けが第三百八十条第二項又は第三百八十七条第二項の規定により電磁的記録の備付けをもつて行われている場合には、記録。以下この条において同じ。)をされている住所が第三百八十二条第二項(第四号に係る部分に限る。)において準用する同条第一項の規定による通知に係る者の住所(総務省令で定めるものに限る。)であるとき(総務省令で定める場合に限る。)は、第二十条の十、第三百八十二条の二、前条並びに第三百八十七条第三項及び第四項の規定にかかわらず、総務省令で定めるところにより、当該固定資産課税台帳若しくは土地名寄帳若しくは家屋名寄帳に当該住所に代わるものとして総務省令で定める事項の記載をしたもの若しくはその写し(当該固定資産課税台帳又は土地名寄帳若しくは家屋名寄帳の備付けが第三百八十条第二項又は第三百八十七条第二項の規定により電磁的記録の備付けをもつて行われている場合には、当該総務省令で定める事項の記載をしたものに記録をされている事項を記載した書類)を閲覧に供し、又は当該証明書に当該住所に代わるものとして総務省令で定める事項を記載したものを交付しなければならない。
Article 383Reporting of Fixed Assets
第三百八十三条(固定資産の申告)
The owner of a depreciable asset on which there is fixed assets tax liability (excluding the owner of a depreciable asset to be valued by the prefectural governor or the Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications under Article 389, paragraph (1), or of a depreciable asset designated by the prefectural governor under Article 742, paragraph (1) or (3)) must, as provided by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, report to the mayor of the municipality in which the depreciable asset is located, by January 31, the location, type, quantity, time of acquisition, acquisition cost, useful life, estimated price and other matters necessary for registration in the depreciable assets tax ledger and for determining the price of the depreciable asset, with respect to the depreciable asset as of January 1 of each year.
固定資産税の納税義務がある償却資産の所有者(第三百八十九条第一項の規定によつて道府県知事若しくは総務大臣が評価すべき償却資産又は第七百四十二条第一項若しくは第三項の規定によつて道府県知事が指定した償却資産の所有者を除く。)は、総務省令の定めるところによつて、毎年一月一日現在における当該償却資産について、その所在、種類、数量、取得時期、取得価額、耐用年数、見積価額その他償却資産課税台帳の登録及び当該償却資産の価格の決定に必要な事項を一月三十一日までに当該償却資産の所在地の市町村長に申告しなければならない。
第三百八十四条
The mayor of the municipality may, as provided by Municipal Ordinance of the municipality, have the owner of residential land report, with respect to the residential land as of the assessment date for the relevant fiscal year, its location and area, the floor area and use of the houses on it, the number of dwellings on it and other matters necessary for the assessment and collection of fixed assets tax. However, this does not apply if the owner of the residential land on the assessment date for the previous fiscal year of the relevant fiscal year continues to own the residential land and there is no change in the matters to be reported.
If there has been a change from residential land to land other than residential land on the assessment date for the relevant fiscal year, and the owner of the land has continued to own the land since the assessment date for the previous fiscal year of the relevant fiscal year, the mayor of the municipality may, as provided by Municipal Ordinance of the municipality, have the owner of the land report to that effect.
第三百八十四条の二
The mayor of the municipality may, as provided by Municipal Ordinance of the municipality, have the following persons report to that effect: an owner, etc. of disaster-stricken residential land who intends to receive the application of Article 349-3-3, paragraph (1); a co-owner, etc. of disaster-stricken residential land who intends to receive the application of Article 349-3-3, paragraph (1) as applied mutatis mutandis in Article 349-3-3, paragraph (2); an owner, etc. of disaster-stricken residential land who is the owner of the former land corresponding to specified provisional replotting land, etc. and who intends to receive the application of Article 349-3-3, paragraph (1) as applied with replacement of terms under Article 349-3-3, paragraph (3); or a co-owner, etc. of disaster-stricken residential land who is the owner or co-owner of the former land corresponding to specified provisional replotting land, etc. and who intends to receive the application of Article 349-3-3, paragraph (1) as applied with replacement of terms under Article 349-3-3, paragraph (3) as applied mutatis mutandis in Article 349-3-3, paragraph (4).
市町村長は、被災住宅用地の所有者等が第三百四十九条の三の三第一項の規定の適用を受けようとする場合、被災住宅用地の共有者等が同条第二項において準用する同条第一項の規定の適用を受けようとする場合、特定仮換地等に対応する従前の土地の所有者である被災住宅用地の所有者等が同条第三項の規定により読み替えて適用される同条第一項の規定の適用を受けようとする場合又は特定仮換地等に対応する従前の土地の所有者若しくは共有者である被災住宅用地の共有者等が同条第四項において準用する同条第三項の規定により読み替えて適用される同条第一項の規定の適用を受けようとする場合には、その者に、当該市町村の条例の定めるところにより、その旨を申告させることができる。
第三百八十四条の三
The mayor of the municipality may, as provided by Municipal Ordinance of the municipality, have a person who owns land or a house in the municipality where an individual registered or recorded as the owner in the register or the supplementary land tax ledger or supplementary house tax ledger is deceased (hereinafter in this Article and Article 386 referred to as "current owner") report, by a date on or after the day on which three months have elapsed from the day following the day on which the person learned that the person is the current owner, the current owner's address and name or title and other matters necessary for the assessment and collection of fixed assets tax.
Article 385Offenses Concerning False Reports, etc. Relating to Fixed Assets
第三百八十五条(固定資産に係る虚偽の申告等に関する罪)
If a person makes a false report on matters that must be reported under the provisions of Article 383 through the preceding Article, the person who committed the violation is to be punished by imprisonment for not more than one year or a fine of not more than 500,000 yen.
第三百八十三条から前条までの規定により申告すべき事項について虚偽の申告をしたときは、その違反行為をした者は、一年以下の拘禁刑又は五十万円以下の罰金に処する。
Where a representative of a corporation, or an agent, employee or other worker of a corporation or person, has committed a violation set forth in the preceding paragraph in connection with the business or property of that corporation or person, in addition to punishing the offender, the fine prescribed in that paragraph is to be imposed on that corporation or person.
Article 386Non-Penal Fines for Failure to Report Fixed Assets
第三百八十六条(固定資産に係る不申告に関する過料)
A municipality may establish a provision in a Municipal Ordinance of the municipality to impose a non-penal fine of not more than 100,000 yen on the owner of fixed assets (in the cases of Article 343, paragraphs (9) and (10), a person deemed to be the owner under those provisions; the same applies in Article 393 and Article 394) who, without justifiable grounds, has failed to report matters that must be reported under the provisions of Article 383 or Article 384, or on a current owner who, without justifiable grounds, has failed to report matters that must be reported under the provisions of Article 384-3.
Article 387Owner-Indexed Land Ledger and Owner-Indexed House Ledger
第三百八十七条(土地名寄帳及び家屋名寄帳)
A municipality must keep, for the land and houses in the municipality, an owner-indexed land ledger and an owner-indexed house ledger, based on the fixed assets tax ledger and as provided by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications.
市町村は、その市町村内の土地及び家屋について、固定資産課税台帳に基づいて、総務省令で定めるところによつて、土地名寄帳及び家屋名寄帳を備えなければならない。
A municipality may, as provided by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, keep the owner-indexed land ledger or owner-indexed house ledger referred to in the preceding paragraph by keeping electronic or magnetic records.
市町村は、総務省令で定めるところにより、前項の土地名寄帳又は家屋名寄帳の備付けを電磁的記録の備付けをもつて行うことができる。
When a person liable for tax makes a request under Article 382-2, paragraph (1), the mayor of the municipality may, only where the same matters as those registered in the fixed assets tax ledger are entered in the owner-indexed land ledger or owner-indexed house ledger (where the owner-indexed land ledger or owner-indexed house ledger is kept by keeping electronic or magnetic records under the preceding paragraph, recorded; the same in the following paragraph), make available for inspection by the person liable for tax, in place of the fixed assets tax ledger or a copy of it that is to be made available for inspection by the person liable for tax under paragraph (1) of that Article, the owner-indexed land ledger or a copy of it (where the owner-indexed land ledger is kept by keeping electronic or magnetic records under the preceding paragraph, a document stating the matters recorded in the owner-indexed land ledger; the same in the following paragraph) or the owner-indexed house ledger or a copy of it (where the owner-indexed house ledger is kept by keeping electronic or magnetic records under the preceding paragraph, a document stating the matters recorded in the owner-indexed house ledger; the same in the following paragraph).
市町村長は、納税義務者から第三百八十二条の二第一項の規定による求めがあつたときは、土地名寄帳又は家屋名寄帳に固定資産課税台帳の登録事項と同一の事項が記載(当該土地名寄帳又は家屋名寄帳の備付けが前項の規定により電磁的記録の備付けをもつて行われている場合にあつては、記録。次項において同じ。)をされている場合に限り、同条第一項の規定により当該納税義務者の閲覧に供するものとされる固定資産課税台帳又はその写しに代えて、土地名寄帳若しくはその写し(当該土地名寄帳の備付けが前項の規定により電磁的記録の備付けをもつて行われている場合にあつては、当該土地名寄帳に記録をされている事項を記載した書類。次項において同じ。)又は家屋名寄帳若しくはその写し(当該家屋名寄帳の備付けが前項の規定により電磁的記録の備付けをもつて行われている場合にあつては、当該家屋名寄帳に記録をされている事項を記載した書類。次項において同じ。)を当該納税義務者の閲覧に供することができる。
When the mayor of the municipality makes the owner-indexed land ledger or a copy of it, or the owner-indexed house ledger or a copy of it, available for inspection under the preceding paragraph, the mayor may display the matters entered in the owner-indexed land ledger or owner-indexed house ledger on a screen for inspection.
市町村長は、前項の規定により土地名寄帳若しくはその写し又は家屋名寄帳若しくはその写しを閲覧に供する場合においては、土地名寄帳又は家屋名寄帳に記載をされている事項を映像面に表示して閲覧に供することができる。
pricemachine translation
「価格」
For land or a building (家屋), its price on the assessment date (賦課期日) of the base year (基準年度) registered in the land or building tax ledgers (土地課税台帳等, 家屋課税台帳等), or the price set by comparison with it under the provisos and paragraphs of Article 349 that Article 349-3, paragraph 9 lists; for depreciable assets (償却資産), its price on the assessment date registered in the depreciable assets tax ledger (償却資産課税台帳).
Defined inArticle 349-3, paragraph (9)
residential landmachine translation
「住宅用地」
Land of a kind a Cabinet Order (政令) sets used as the site of a building used only for people to live in, or of a partly residential building of a kind a Cabinet Order sets, other than land Article 349-3 (except its paragraph 11) applies to and the sites of poorly managed or specified vacant houses whose owners have received a recommendation (勧告) under the Act on Special Measures for the Promotion of Measures against Vacant Houses, etc.
Short name set inArticle 349-3-2, paragraph (1)· applies only in this article and in Article 349-3-3, paragraph (1); Article 352-2, paragraphs (1) and (3); and Article 384
number of dwellingsmachine translation
「住居の数」
The number of dwellings of a kind a Cabinet Order (政令) sets standing on a piece of residential land (住宅用地), by which Article 349-3-2, paragraph 2, item 2 divides land of over 200 square metres to find how much of it counts as small-scale residential land (小規模住宅用地): all of it where the result is 200 square metres or less, otherwise 200 square metres times the number of dwellings.
Short name set inArticle 349-3-2, paragraph (2), item (ii)· applies only in this article and in Article 384, paragraph (1)
owner, etc. of disaster-stricken residential landmachine translation
「被災住宅用地の所有者等」
The owner of disaster-stricken residential land (被災住宅用地) on the assessment date (賦課期日) for the disaster fiscal year (被災年度), or another person a Cabinet Order (政令) specifies.
Short name set inArticle 349-3-3, paragraph (1)· applies only in this provision and in Article 349-3-3, paragraph (3); and Article 384-2
co-owner, etc. of disaster-stricken residential landmachine translation
「被災住宅用地の共有者等」
A person who, on the assessment date (賦課期日) for the disaster fiscal year (被災年度), owned disaster-stricken residential land (被災住宅用地) or held a co-ownership share in it, or another person a Cabinet Order (政令) specifies.
Short name set inArticle 349-3-3, paragraph (2)· applies only in this paragraph and in Article 384-2
specified provisional replotting land, etc.machine translation
「特定仮換地等」
Provisional replotting land, etc. (仮換地等) that became available for use or profit on or after 2 January of the year in which an earthquake or other disaster (震災等) occurred (or 2 January of the year before, if the disaster occurred on 1 January).
Short name set inArticle 349-3-3, paragraph (3)· applies only in this article and in Articles 352-2 and 384-2
current ownermachine translation
「現所有者」
The person who owns land or a house in a municipality whose owner as entered in the land or building register, or in the supplementary land or house tax ledger (補充課税台帳), is an individual who has died; the municipal mayor may, by by-law (条例), have that person report their address, name and other matters needed for the fixed asset tax (固定資産税) by a set day no earlier than three months after the day after they learn they are the current owner.
Short name set inArticle 384-3, paragraph (1)· applies only in this article and in Article 386
landmachine translation
「土地」
Rice paddies, upland fields, building land, salt fields, mineral spring sites (鉱泉地), ponds and marshes, forests, pastures, wilderness (原野) and any other land, for the special land holding tax (特別土地保有税).
Defined inArticle 585, paragraph (2)
ownermachine translation
「所有者」
In Article 702, paragraph 1 on city planning tax (都市計画税), the person who is treated as, or deemed to be, the owner of the land or house for fixed assets tax (固定資産税) under Article 343 (other than its paragraphs 3, 9 and 10).
Defined inArticle 702, paragraph (2)
fine
罰金
A criminal punishment of paying money to the state, of 10,000 yen or more, or less where it is reduced (Penal Code, Article 15). It ranks below imprisonment (拘禁刑) and above penal detention (拘留) and a petty fine (科料) (Articles 9 and 10, paragraph (1)). A person who cannot pay it in full is held in a workhouse (労役場) for one day to two years, or up to three years where fines are imposed together, a period set when the sentence is passed (Article 18, paragraphs (1), (3) and (4)); not within thirty days of the sentence becoming final without the person's consent (paragraph (5)). If it is not enforced for three years after the sentence becomes final, the person is released from it by prescription (Articles 31 and 32, item (v)); the three years do not run while its execution is suspended under law or the person is abroad, and an act of execution interrupts them (Articles 33 and 34, paragraph (2)).
Written by AI using Penal Code, Arts. 9, 10, 15, 18, 31 to 34 as a reference.
imprisonment
拘禁刑
The punishment of being held in a penal institution (刑事施設), for life or for a fixed term of one month to twenty years (Penal Code, Article 12, paragraphs (1) and (2)); a fixed term can be raised to thirty years where the punishment is aggravated, or cut below one month where it is reduced (Article 14, paragraph (2)). To help the person reform and rehabilitate, they may be made to do work or given guidance (Article 12, paragraph (3)). It ranks below the death penalty and above a fine (罰金) among the principal punishments (Articles 9 and 10, paragraph (1)). It replaced imprisonment with work (懲役) and imprisonment without work (禁錮) when the Act Partially Amending the Penal Code, etc. (Act No. 67 of 2022) came into force (Act No. 67 of 2022, Article 2), and a person sentenced to either is treated, for the rules on a person's qualifications, as sentenced to imprisonment for the same term (Act No. 68 of 2022, Article 443, paragraph (1)).
Written by AI using Penal Code, Arts. 9, 10, 12, 14, Act No. 67 of 2022, Art. 2 and Act No. 68 of 2022, Art. 443 as a reference.
Prefectural or Municipal Ordinance
条例
A rule a local government makes for itself: a prefecture (都道府県), a city, town or village (市町村), or one of Tokyo's special wards (特別区) (Local Autonomy Act, Articles 1-3, 281 and 283). Its assembly (議会), whose members the residents elect, passes it (Articles 89 and 96, paragraph (1), item (i)), and its head — the governor or the mayor (Article 139) — promulgates it, that is, makes it public so that it can take effect (Article 16). The Constitution lets local governments make them within the limits of Acts (Constitution, Article 94), and one may not go against the national laws and regulations (法令), such as Acts, Cabinet Orders (政令) and Ministerial Orders (省令) (Local Autonomy Act, Article 14, paragraph (1)). Unless national laws and regulations provide otherwise, a local government can impose a duty or restrict a right only by one of these (Article 14, paragraph (2)), and it may write into one penalties for breaking it, within limits the Local Autonomy Act sets (Article 14, paragraph (3)). It is made for that local government's own affairs (Article 2, paragraph (2) and Article 14, paragraph (1)), so the same matter can be handled differently from one place to the next. It is a local rule, not a national one: an "ordinance" in the name of a national rule, such as an Ordinance for Enforcement of an Act, is usually a Ministerial Order (省令) or another national instrument.
Written by AI using Constitution, Art. 94 and Local Autonomy Act, Arts. 1-3, 2, 14, 16, 89, 96, 139, 281, 283 as a reference.
registration
登記
Entry in a public register kept by a registry office (登記所) — a Legal Affairs Bureau or one of its branch offices — so that the matter is made public (Real Property Registration Act, Articles 1 and 6, paragraph (1)). Rights in land and buildings, such as ownership, a superficies (地上権), a statutory lien (先取特権), a mortgage and a right of lease (賃借権), can be registered under that Act (Article 3), and matters the Commercial Code, the Companies Act and other Acts require to be registered are registered under the Commercial Registration Act (Article 1). Registration also lets a right be asserted against third parties: acquiring, losing or changing a right in rem (物権) in land or a building, such as ownership, cannot be asserted against third parties until it is registered (Civil Code, Article 177), and a matter the Companies Act requires to be registered cannot be asserted against a third party who does not know of it until it has been registered, nor, even after that, against one who had a justifiable reason for not knowing of the registration (Companies Act, Article 908, paragraph (1)).
Written by AI using Real Property Registration Act, Arts. 1, 3, 6, Commercial Registration Act, Art. 1, Civil Code, Art. 177 and Companies Act, Art. 908 as a reference.
superficies
地上権
A right to use another person's land in order to own buildings or other structures, or trees or bamboo, on it (Civil Code, Article 265). It can be entered in the land register (Real Property Registration Act, Article 3, item (ii)). The Act on Land and Building Leases counts a superficies held in order to own a building as a land leasehold right (借地権), just as it counts a lease of land for that purpose (Article 2, item (i)).
Written by AI using Civil Code, Art. 265, Real Property Registration Act, Art. 3 and Act on Land and Building Leases, Art. 2 as a reference.