Division 3 Demand and Delinquent Tax Collection Procedures
第三目 督促及び滞納処分
Article 71-17Demand Concerning the Interest Levy
第七十一条の十七(利子割に係る督促)
If a special collection agent has not paid in full the local government levies relating to the interest levy by the due date for payment (where a reassessment or determination has been made under Article 71-11, paragraphs (1) through (3), the due date for payment under Article 71-12, paragraph (1); the same applies hereinafter in this Subsection), a prefectural tax collection official must issue a demand letter within 20 days after the due date for payment. However, this does not apply in the case of advance collection.
特別徴収義務者が納期限(第七十一条の十一第一項から第三項までの規定による更正又は決定があつた場合には、第七十一条の十二第一項の納期限。以下本款において同じ。)までに利子割に係る地方団体の徴収金を完納しない場合には、道府県の徴税吏員は、納期限後二十日以内に、督促状を発しなければならない。ただし、繰上徴収をする場合には、この限りでない。
A prefecture in special circumstances may, by a Prefectural Ordinance of that prefecture, provide for a period different from the period prescribed in the preceding paragraph.
特別の事情がある道府県においては、当該道府県の条例で前項に規定する期間と異なる期間を定めることができる。
Article 71-18Demand Fees for the Interest Levy
第七十一条の十八(利子割に係る督促手数料)
When a prefectural tax collection official has issued a demand letter, the official may collect a fee in accordance with the Prefectural Ordinance of the prefecture concerned.
道府県の徴税吏員は、督促状を発した場合には、当該道府県の条例の定めるところによつて、手数料を徴収することができる。
Article 71-19Delinquent Tax Collection Procedures for the Interest Levy
第七十一条の十九(利子割に係る滞納処分)
When a person delinquent in payment of the interest levy falls under any one of the following items, a prefectural tax collection official must seize the property of the person delinquent in payment with respect to the local government levies relating to that interest levy.
when the person delinquent in payment has received a demand and has not paid in full, by the day on which 10 days have elapsed counting from the day on which the demand letter was issued, the local government levies relating to the interest levy that were the subject of the demand.
滞納者が督促を受け、その督促状を発した日から起算して十日を経過した日までにその督促に係る利子割に係る地方団体の徴収金を完納しないとき。
when the person delinquent in payment has not paid in full the local government levies relating to the interest levy by the due date for payment designated by the notice of advance collection.
滞納者が繰上徴収に係る告知により指定された納期限までに利子割に係る地方団体の徴収金を完納しないとき。
When the preceding paragraph is applied to a secondary taxpayer or guarantor, the term "demand letter" in item (i) of that paragraph is deemed to be replaced with "written reminder to remit".
If, after the due date for payment of the local government levies relating to the interest levy and by the day on which the 10 days prescribed in paragraph (1), item (i) have elapsed, a fact falling under any one of the items of Article 13-2, paragraph (1) has arisen with respect to a person delinquent in payment who has received a demand, a prefectural tax collection official may seize that person's property immediately.
When compulsory liquidation procedures have been carried out on the property of a person delinquent in payment, a prefectural tax collection official must make a request for share distribution, with respect to the local government levies relating to the interest levy in arrears, to the enforcement agency (or, when making a request for share distribution of local government levies relating to the interest levy that are the subject of a claim set out in Article 114, item (i) of the Bankruptcy Act, the court handling the bankruptcy case relating to that request for share distribution).
滞納者の財産につき強制換価手続が行われた場合には、道府県の徴税吏員は、執行機関(破産法第百十四条第一号に掲げる請求権に係る利子割に係る地方団体の徴収金の交付要求を行う場合には、その交付要求に係る破産事件を取り扱う裁判所)に対し、滞納に係る利子割に係る地方団体の徴収金につき、交付要求をしなければならない。
When a prefectural tax collection official is able to make a seizure under paragraphs (1) through (3), and property of a person delinquent in payment set out in the items of Article 86, paragraph (1) of the National Tax Collection Act has already been seized in a delinquent tax collection procedure for other local government levies or national taxes, or by a disposition governed by the rules of those delinquent tax collection procedures, the request for share distribution for that property may be made by participatory seizure.
道府県の徴税吏員は、第一項から第三項までの規定により差押えをすることができる場合において、滞納者の財産で国税徴収法第八十六条第一項各号に掲げるものにつき、既に他の地方団体の徴収金若しくは国税の滞納処分又はこれらの滞納処分の例による処分による差押えがされているときは、当該財産についての交付要求は、参加差押えによりすることができる。
In addition to what is provided for in the preceding paragraphs, delinquent tax collection procedures for local government levies relating to the interest levy are carried out in accordance with the rules for the delinquent tax collection procedure prescribed in the National Tax Collection Act.
Dispositions under the preceding paragraphs may also be carried out outside the area of the prefecture concerned.
前各項の規定による処分は、当該道府県の区域外においても行うことができる。
Article 71-20Offenses Relating to Delinquent Tax Collection Procedures for the Interest Levy
第七十一条の二十(利子割に係る滞納処分に関する罪)
If a special collection agent for the interest levy, for the purpose of evading the execution of a delinquent tax collection procedure, conceals or damages property, disposes of it to the detriment of the prefecture, falsely increases the encumbrances on the property, or alters its current state and thereby reduces the value of the property or increases the expenses for the delinquent tax collection procedure, that person is to be punished by imprisonment for not more than three years or a fine of not more than 2,500,000 yen, or both.
利子割の特別徴収義務者が滞納処分の執行を免れる目的でその財産を隠蔽し、損壊し、若しくは道府県の不利益に処分し、その財産に係る負担を偽つて増加する行為をし、又はその現状を改変して、その財産の価額を減損し、若しくはその滞納処分に係る滞納処分費を増大させる行為をしたときは、その者は、三年以下の拘禁刑若しくは二百五十万円以下の罰金に処し、又はこれを併科する。
The same applies where a third party in possession of the property of a special collection agent commits an act referred to in the preceding paragraph for the purpose of enabling the special collection agent to evade the execution of a delinquent tax collection procedure.
If a person, knowing the circumstances, becomes the counterparty of the special collection agent or of the third party in possession of the property in an act referred to in the preceding two paragraphs, the person who committed the violation as the counterparty is to be punished by imprisonment for not more than two years or a fine of not more than 1,500,000 yen, or both.
If the representative of a corporation, or an agent, employee or other worker of a corporation or individual, has committed a violation referred to in the preceding three paragraphs in connection with the business or property of that corporation or individual, in addition to punishing the offender, the fine prescribed in the relevant paragraph is to be imposed on that corporation or individual.
法人の代表者又は法人若しくは人の代理人、使用人その他の従業者が、その法人又は人の業務又は財産に関して前三項の違反行為をした場合には、その行為者を罰するほか、その法人又は人に対し、当該各項の罰金刑を科する。
When the preceding paragraph applies to an association or foundation that is not a corporation and has a designated representative or administrator, that representative or administrator represents that association or foundation that is not a corporation and has a designated representative or administrator in its procedural acts, and in addition, the provisions of laws and regulations on criminal proceedings in the case where a corporation is the defendant or suspect apply mutatis mutandis.
法人でない社団又は財団で代表者又は管理人の定めのあるものについて前項の規定の適用がある場合には、その代表者又は管理人がその訴訟行為につき当該法人でない社団又は財団で代表者又は管理人の定めのあるものを代表するほか、法人を被告人又は被疑者とする場合の刑事訴訟に関する法律の規定を準用する。
第七十一条の二十一(国税徴収法の例による利子割に係る滞納処分に関する検査拒否等の罪)
In a case that falls under any of the following items, the person who committed the violation is to be punished by imprisonment for not more than one year or a fine of not more than 500,000 yen:
次の各号のいずれかに該当する場合には、その違反行為をした者は、一年以下の拘禁刑又は五十万円以下の罰金に処する。
in the case referred to in Article 71-19, paragraph (6), when the person gives no answer, or makes a false statement, in response to questions by a prefectural tax collection official conducted in accordance with the rules of Article 141 of the National Tax Collection Act.
第七十一条の十九第六項の場合において、国税徴収法第百四十一条の規定の例により行う道府県の徴税吏員の質問に対して答弁をせず、又は偽りの陳述をしたとき。
in the case referred to in Article 71-19, paragraph (6), when the person refuses, obstructs or evades the inspection by a prefectural tax collection official, conducted in accordance with the rules of Article 141 of the National Tax Collection Act, of books and documents (meaning the books and documents prescribed in that Article; the same applies in the following item) or other articles.
第七十一条の十九第六項の場合において、国税徴収法第百四十一条の規定の例により行う道府県の徴税吏員の帳簿書類(同条に規定する帳簿書類をいう。次号において同じ。)その他の物件の検査を拒み、妨げ、又は忌避したとき。
in the case referred to in Article 71-19, paragraph (6), when the person, without justifiable grounds, fails to comply with a request by a prefectural tax collection official, made in accordance with the rules of Article 141 of the National Tax Collection Act, for the presentation or submission of articles, or presents or submits books and documents or other articles (including copies thereof) containing false entries or records.
第七十一条の十九第六項の場合において、国税徴収法第百四十一条の規定の例により行う道府県の徴税吏員の物件の提示又は提出の要求に対し、正当な理由がなくこれに応じず、又は偽りの記載若しくは記録をした帳簿書類その他の物件(その写しを含む。)を提示し、若しくは提出したとき。
If the representative of a corporation, or an agent, employee or other worker of a corporation or individual, has committed a violation referred to in the preceding paragraph in connection with the business or property of that corporation or individual, in addition to punishing the offender, the fine prescribed in that paragraph is to be imposed on that corporation or individual.
When the preceding paragraph applies to an association or foundation that is not a corporation and has a designated representative or administrator, that representative or administrator represents that association or foundation that is not a corporation and has a designated representative or administrator in its procedural acts, and in addition, the provisions of laws and regulations on criminal proceedings in the case where a corporation is the defendant or suspect apply mutatis mutandis.
法人でない社団又は財団で代表者又は管理人の定めのあるものについて前項の規定の適用がある場合には、その代表者又は管理人がその訴訟行為につき当該法人でない社団又は財団で代表者又は管理人の定めのあるものを代表するほか、法人を被告人又は被疑者とする場合の刑事訴訟に関する法律の規定を準用する。
第七十一条の二十二(国税徴収法の例による利子割に係る滞納処分に関する虚偽の陳述の罪)
In the case referred to in Article 71-19, paragraph (6), a person who makes a false statement to the prefectural governor on matters on which a statement is to be made in accordance with the rules of Article 99-2 of the National Tax Collection Act (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 109, paragraph (4) of that Act) is to be punished by imprisonment for not more than six months or a fine of not more than 500,000 yen.
第七十一条の十九第六項の場合において、国税徴収法第九十九条の二(同法第百九条第四項において準用する場合を含む。)の規定の例により道府県知事に対して陳述すべき事項について虚偽の陳述をした者は、六月以下の拘禁刑又は五十万円以下の罰金に処する。
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Division 4 Settlement and Distribution
第四目 清算及び交付
第七十一条の二十五(清算)
A prefecture is to apportion, as specified by Cabinet Order, the amount obtained by multiplying the amount equivalent to the interest levy amount remitted to that prefecture by the rate specified by Cabinet Order, in proportion to the interest levy settlement base amount of each prefecture, and pay, of the amount so apportioned, the amount relating to the other prefectures to those other prefectures respectively.
道府県は、当該道府県に納入された利子割額に相当する額に政令で定める率を乗じて得た額を、政令で定めるところにより、各道府県ごとの利子割清算基準額に応じて按分し、当該按分した額のうち他の道府県に係る額を他の道府県に対し、それぞれ支払うものとする。
The amount to be paid to another prefecture under the preceding paragraph and the amount to be received from another prefecture under that paragraph are to be offset against each other among the relevant prefectures.
The interest levy settlement base amount of each prefecture referred to in paragraph (1) means, for each prefecture, the amount obtained by dividing by three the total of the amounts, calculated as provided by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications as the amount equivalent to the amount of income of individuals having an address in that prefecture, relating to each year within the three years before the year preceding the year containing the first day of the fiscal year concerned.
第一項の各道府県ごとの利子割清算基準額とは、各道府県ごとに、当該道府県内に住所を有する個人に係る所得の金額に相当する金額として総務省令で定めるところにより算定した額で当該年度の初日の属する年の前年前三年内の各年に係るものを合算したものを三で除して得た額をいう。
In addition to what is provided for in the preceding three paragraphs, procedures for implementing those provisions and other matters necessary for their enforcement are specified by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications.
前三項に定めるもののほか、これらの規定の実施のための手続その他その執行のために必要な事項は、総務省令で定める。
Article 71-26Distribution to Municipalities
第七十一条の二十六(市町村に対する交付)
A prefecture is to distribute, to the municipalities (including special wards; the same applies hereinafter in this Article) within that prefecture, as specified by Cabinet Order, the amount equivalent to three-fifths of the total amount obtained by adding the amount equivalent to the amount received from other prefectures under paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, and deducting the amount equivalent to the amount paid to other prefectures under that paragraph, to the amount obtained by multiplying the amount equivalent to the interest levy amount remitted to that prefecture by the rate specified by Cabinet Order prescribed in that paragraph, apportioning it in proportion to the amount calculated, as specified by Cabinet Order, on the basis of the amount of individual prefectural inhabitant tax relating to each municipality.
The amount of individual prefectural inhabitant tax relating to the municipality referred to in the preceding paragraph is to be calculated as provided by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications.
前項の当該市町村に係る個人の道府県民税の額は、総務省令で定めるところにより算定するものとする。
Subsection 5 Prefectural Inhabitant Tax on Specified Dividends, Etc.
第五款 特定配当等に係る道府県民税
Division 1 Tax Base and Tax Rate
第一目 課税標準及び税率
Article 71-27Tax Base of the Dividend Levy
第七十一条の二十七(配当割の課税標準)
The tax base of the dividend levy is the amount of specified dividends, etc. for which payment is to be received.
配当割の課税標準は、支払を受けるべき特定配当等の額とする。
The amount of specified dividends, etc. referred to in the preceding paragraph is calculated in accordance with the rules of the Income Tax Act and other laws and regulations concerning income tax.
Article 71-28Tax Rate of the Dividend Levy
第七十一条の二十八(配当割の税率)
The tax rate of the dividend levy is five percent.
配当割の税率は、百分の五とする。
Article 71-29Tax Base for Dividends, Etc. of Foreign Shares
第七十一条の二十九(国外株式の配当等に係る課税標準)
Of the specified dividends, etc., for those relating to interest, etc. on foreign public and corporate bonds, etc. other than the interest, etc. on foreign general public and corporate bonds, etc. prescribed in Article 3-3, paragraph (4), item (ii) of the Act on Special Measures Concerning Taxation, dividends, etc. of foreign investment trusts, etc. prescribed in Article 8-3, paragraph (4), item (ii) of that Act, dividends, etc. of foreign shares prescribed in Article 9-2, paragraph (1) of that Act, or gain on redemption of foreign discount bonds prescribed in Article 41-12-2, paragraph (1), item (ii) of that Act (hereinafter in this Article and Article 71-31 referred to as "foreign specified dividends, etc."), when there is an amount of foreign income tax prescribed in Article 95, paragraph (1) of the Income Tax Act (including that specified by Cabinet Order) collected upon payment, the amount of specified dividends, etc. to be received prescribed in Article 71-27, paragraph (1) is the amount after deducting the amount equivalent to that foreign income tax from the amount of those foreign specified dividends, etc.
特定配当等のうち租税特別措置法第三条の三第四項第二号に規定する国外一般公社債等の利子等以外の国外公社債等の利子等、同法第八条の三第四項第二号に規定する国外投資信託等の配当等、同法第九条の二第一項に規定する国外株式の配当等又は同法第四十一条の十二の二第一項第二号に規定する国外割引債の償還金に係る差益金額に係るもの(以下この条及び第七十一条の三十一において「国外特定配当等」という。)の支払の際に徴収される所得税法第九十五条第一項に規定する外国所得税(政令で定めるものを含む。)の額があるときは、第七十一条の二十七第一項に規定する支払を受けるべき特定配当等の額は、当該国外特定配当等の額から当該外国所得税の額に相当する金額を控除した後の金額とする。
Division 2 Collection
第二目 徴収
Article 71-30Method of Collecting the Dividend Levy
第七十一条の三十(配当割の徴収の方法)
The dividend levy must be collected by the method of special collection.
配当割の徴収については、特別徴収の方法によらなければならない。
Article 71-31Procedures for Special Collection of the Dividend Levy
第七十一条の三十一(配当割の特別徴収の手続)
When the dividend levy is to be collected by the method of special collection, the person who pays specified dividends, etc. to an individual having an address in the prefecture as of the date on which the individual is to receive payment of the specified dividends, etc. (or, where those specified dividends, etc. are foreign specified dividends, etc., dividends and similar income on listed shares, etc. prescribed in Article 9-3-2, paragraph (1) of the Act on Special Measures Concerning Taxation (referred to as "dividends and similar income on listed shares, etc." in the following paragraph), or gain on redemption of specified discount bonds prescribed in Article 41-12-2, paragraph (3) of that Act (referred to as "gain on redemption" in the following paragraph), and there is a person who handles their payment, that person) must be designated as a special collection agent by a Prefectural Ordinance of that prefecture and made to collect the levy.
配当割を特別徴収の方法によつて徴収しようとする場合には、特定配当等の支払を受けるべき日現在において道府県内に住所を有する個人に対して特定配当等の支払をする者(当該特定配当等が国外特定配当等、租税特別措置法第九条の三の二第一項に規定する上場株式等の配当等(次項において「上場株式等の配当等」という。)又は同法第四十一条の十二の二第三項に規定する特定割引債の償還金に係る差益金額(次項において「償還金に係る差益金額」という。)である場合において、その支払を取り扱う者があるときは、その者)を当該道府県の条例によつて特別徴収義務者として指定し、これに徴収させなければならない。
The special collection agent referred to in the preceding paragraph is obliged, upon payment of the specified dividends, etc. (where the special collection agent is a person who handles the payment of foreign specified dividends, etc., dividends and similar income on listed shares, etc. or gain on redemption, upon the delivery of the foreign specified dividends, etc., dividends and similar income on listed shares, etc. or gain on redemption relating to that handling), to collect the dividend levy on those specified dividends, etc., and, by the 10th day of the month following the month containing the day of collection, to submit a remittance return stating the amount of the tax base and the tax amount of the dividend levy to be collected and other necessary matters, in the form specified by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (hereinafter in this Subsection referred to as a "remittance return"), to the governor of the prefecture in which the individual who receives payment of those specified dividends, etc. has an address as of the date on which the individual is to receive payment of those specified dividends, etc., and to remit the remittance to that prefecture. In this case, a statement specified by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications must be attached to the remittance return to be submitted to that prefectural governor.
前項の特別徴収義務者は、特定配当等の支払の際(特別徴収義務者が国外特定配当等、上場株式等の配当等又は償還金に係る差益金額の支払を取り扱う者である場合には、当該取扱いに係る国外特定配当等、上場株式等の配当等又は償還金に係る差益金額の交付の際)、その特定配当等について配当割を徴収し、その徴収の日の属する月の翌月十日までに、総務省令で定める様式によつて、その徴収すべき配当割の課税標準額、税額その他必要な事項を記載した納入申告書(以下この款において「納入申告書」という。)を当該特定配当等の支払を受ける個人が当該特定配当等の支払を受けるべき日現在における当該個人の住所所在の道府県の知事に提出し、及びその納入金を当該道府県に納入する義務を負う。この場合において、当該道府県知事に提出すべき納入申告書には、総務省令で定める計算書を添付しなければならない。
Necessary matters concerning the application of the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs are specified by Cabinet Order.
前二項の規定の適用に関し必要な事項は、政令で定める。
tax collection officialmachine translation
「徴税吏員」
A prefectural governor (道府県知事) or a prefectural employee the governor has delegated, or a mayor of a municipality (市町村長) or a municipal employee the mayor has delegated.
Defined inArticle 1, paragraph (1), item (iii)· applies throughout the law
special collectionmachine translation
「特別徴収」
The method of collecting a local tax by having a person who is well placed to collect it do so and pay in the tax collected (Article 1, paragraph 1, item 9).
Defined inArticle 1, paragraph (1), item (ix)· applies throughout the law
special collection agentmachine translation
「特別徴収義務者」
A person obliged to collect a local tax by special collection (特別徴収) and pay it in (Article 1, paragraph 1, item 10).
Defined inArticle 1, paragraph (1), item (x)· applies throughout the law
remittancemachine translation
「納入金」
Local tax that a special collector (特別徴収義務者) collects and must pay in to the local government.
Defined inArticle 1, paragraph (1), item (xii)· applies throughout the law
local government leviesmachine translation
「地方団体の徴収金」
A local tax (地方税) together with its demand fee (督促手数料), delinquency charge (延滞金), additional charge for understatement (過少申告加算金), additional charge for failure to file (不申告加算金), substantial additional charge (重加算金) and delinquent disposition costs (滞納処分費).
Defined inArticle 1, paragraph (1), item (xiv)· applies throughout the law
secondary taxpayermachine translation
「第二次納税義務者」
A person who has a secondary tax liability (第二次納税義務) under Articles 11-2 to 11-10 or Article 12-2, paragraph 2 or 3 for local tax collection money (地方団体の徴収金) owed by a taxpayer or special collector (特別徴収義務者), from whom the head of the local government collects it by a written notice stating the amount, the deadline and the place of payment.
Short name set inArticle 11, paragraph (1)
compulsory liquidation proceduremachine translation
「強制換価手続」
Any procedure that sells a debtor's property by force: delinquent tax collection (滞納処分) and procedures run in the same way, compulsory execution, auction to enforce a security interest, enforcement of an enterprise mortgage (企業担保権) or of an enterprise value charge (企業価値担保権), and bankruptcy.
Short name set inArticle 13-2, paragraph (1), item (i)
enforcement agencymachine translation
「執行機関」
An administrative body or other person carrying out a delinquent tax collection procedure (滞納処分), a court (or, in small-claims enforcement under Article 167-2, paragraph 2 of the Civil Enforcement Act, a court clerk), a court execution officer (執行官) or a bankruptcy trustee (破産管財人).
Defined inArticle 13-3, paragraph (2)
books and documentsmachine translation
「帳簿書類」
The books and documents on a delinquent taxpayer's property that Article 141 of the National Tax Collection Act names, including the electronic records (電磁的記録) made or kept in their place.
Defined inArticle 71-21, paragraph (1), item (ii)· applies only in this provision and in Article 71-21, paragraph (1), item (iii)
foreign specified dividends, etc.machine translation
「国外特定配当等」
Specified dividends, etc. (特定配当等) that are interest on foreign public and corporate bonds, etc. other than general ones, dividends on foreign investment trusts, etc., dividends on foreign shares, or redemption gains on foreign discount bonds, as Article 3-3, paragraph 4, item 2, Article 8-3, paragraph 4, item 2, Article 9-2, paragraph 1 and Article 41-12-2, paragraph 1, item 2 of the Act on Special Measures Concerning Taxation define them.
Short name set inArticle 71-29, paragraph (1)· applies only in this article and in Article 71-31
dividends and similar income on listed shares, etc.machine translation
「上場株式等の配当等」
Dividends and similar income on listed shares, etc. as defined in Article 9-3-2, paragraph 1 of the Act on Special Measures Concerning Taxation: interest and dividends of the kinds it lists and a Cabinet Order (政令) sets, paid in Japan, such as dividends on listed shares and distributions from publicly offered investment trusts.
Short name set inArticle 71-31, paragraph (1)· applies only in this provision and in Article 71-31, paragraph (2)
gain on redemptionmachine translation
「償還金に係る差益金額」
The gain on the redemption of a specified discount bond (特定割引債) — a discount bond that is a listed share, etc. (上場株式等) — as Article 41-12-2, paragraph 3 of the Act on Special Measures Concerning Taxation names it; the payer, or the person handling the payment, is made special collector (特別徴収義務者) of the prefectural dividend levy (配当割) on it.
Short name set inArticle 71-31, paragraph (1)· applies only in this provision and in Article 71-31, paragraph (2)
remittance returnmachine translation
「納入申告書」
The return a special collector (特別徴収義務者) of the dividend levy (配当割) of prefectural inhabitant tax files, on a form a Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Order (総務省令) sets, by the 10th of the month after it collects the levy, with the governor of the prefecture where the individual receiving the specified dividends, etc. (特定配当等) lives on the day they are due, stating the tax base, the tax amount and other matters of the levy it collected.
Short name set inArticle 71-31, paragraph (2)· applies only in this subsection
fine
罰金
A criminal punishment of paying money to the state, of 10,000 yen or more, or less where it is reduced (Penal Code, Article 15). It ranks below imprisonment (拘禁刑) and above penal detention (拘留) and a petty fine (科料) (Articles 9 and 10, paragraph (1)). A person who cannot pay it in full is held in a workhouse (労役場) for one day to two years, or up to three years where fines are imposed together, a period set when the sentence is passed (Article 18, paragraphs (1), (3) and (4)); not within thirty days of the sentence becoming final without the person's consent (paragraph (5)). If it is not enforced for three years after the sentence becomes final, the person is released from it by prescription (Articles 31 and 32, item (v)); the three years do not run while its execution is suspended under law or the person is abroad, and an act of execution interrupts them (Articles 33 and 34, paragraph (2)).
Written by AI using Penal Code, Arts. 9, 10, 15, 18, 31 to 34 as a reference.
imprisonment
拘禁刑
The punishment of being held in a penal institution (刑事施設), for life or for a fixed term of one month to twenty years (Penal Code, Article 12, paragraphs (1) and (2)); a fixed term can be raised to thirty years where the punishment is aggravated, or cut below one month where it is reduced (Article 14, paragraph (2)). To help the person reform and rehabilitate, they may be made to do work or given guidance (Article 12, paragraph (3)). It ranks below the death penalty and above a fine (罰金) among the principal punishments (Articles 9 and 10, paragraph (1)). It replaced imprisonment with work (懲役) and imprisonment without work (禁錮) when the Act Partially Amending the Penal Code, etc. (Act No. 67 of 2022) came into force (Act No. 67 of 2022, Article 2), and a person sentenced to either is treated, for the rules on a person's qualifications, as sentenced to imprisonment for the same term (Act No. 68 of 2022, Article 443, paragraph (1)).
Written by AI using Penal Code, Arts. 9, 10, 12, 14, Act No. 67 of 2022, Art. 2 and Act No. 68 of 2022, Art. 443 as a reference.
Prefectural or Municipal Ordinance
条例
A rule a local government makes for itself: a prefecture (都道府県), a city, town or village (市町村), or one of Tokyo's special wards (特別区) (Local Autonomy Act, Articles 1-3, 281 and 283). Its assembly (議会), whose members the residents elect, passes it (Articles 89 and 96, paragraph (1), item (i)), and its head — the governor or the mayor (Article 139) — promulgates it, that is, makes it public so that it can take effect (Article 16). The Constitution lets local governments make them within the limits of Acts (Constitution, Article 94), and one may not go against the national laws and regulations (法令), such as Acts, Cabinet Orders (政令) and Ministerial Orders (省令) (Local Autonomy Act, Article 14, paragraph (1)). Unless national laws and regulations provide otherwise, a local government can impose a duty or restrict a right only by one of these (Article 14, paragraph (2)), and it may write into one penalties for breaking it, within limits the Local Autonomy Act sets (Article 14, paragraph (3)). It is made for that local government's own affairs (Article 2, paragraph (2) and Article 14, paragraph (1)), so the same matter can be handled differently from one place to the next. It is a local rule, not a national one: an "ordinance" in the name of a national rule, such as an Ordinance for Enforcement of an Act, is usually a Ministerial Order (省令) or another national instrument.
Written by AI using Constitution, Art. 94 and Local Autonomy Act, Arts. 1-3, 2, 14, 16, 89, 96, 139, 281, 283 as a reference.
special ward
特別区
A ward (区) of a metropolis (都) (Local Autonomy Act, Article 281, paragraph (1)). Today the only special wards are the 23 wards of Tokyo. A special ward is a basic local government in its own right: it does, in general, the work a city, town or village (市町村) does elsewhere, apart from what the metropolis does across all the wards as one (Article 281-2, paragraph (2)). Where a law or order gives a city (市) work to do, its provisions on that work also apply to a special ward, for the work the ward does (Article 281, paragraph (2), and Article 283, paragraph (2)); a Cabinet Order (政令) can make special rules where they cannot apply as they stand (Article 283, paragraph (3)).
Written by AI using Local Autonomy Act, Arts. 281, 281-2, 283 as a reference.