Where a person liable for the income levy has paid, in the previous year, the donations listed below and the total amount of those donations (or, where that total exceeds the amount equivalent to 30 percent of the total of the gross income, the amount of retirement income and the amount of timber income for the previous year, the amount equivalent to that 30 percent) exceeds 2,000 yen, a municipality is to deduct the amount equivalent to six percent (or eight percent, where that person liable for tax has a domicile within the area of a designated city) of the excess amount (or, where that person liable for tax has paid donations eligible for the special deduction in the previous year and the total amount of those donations eligible for the special deduction exceeds 2,000 yen, the amount obtained by adding the amount of special deduction to the amount equivalent to that six percent (or eight percent, where that person liable for tax has a domicile within the area of a designated city); referred to as the "amount of deduction" in this paragraph) from the amount of the income levy of that person liable for tax when Article 314-3 and the preceding Article are applied. In this case, where the amount of deduction exceeds the amount of the income levy, the amount of deduction is to be the amount equivalent to the amount of the income levy.
市町村は、所得割の納税義務者が、前年中に次に掲げる寄附金を支出し、当該寄附金の額の合計額(当該合計額が前年の総所得金額、退職所得金額及び山林所得金額の合計額の百分の三十に相当する金額を超える場合には、当該百分の三十に相当する金額)が二千円を超える場合には、その超える金額の百分の六(当該納税義務者が指定都市の区域内に住所を有する場合には、百分の八)に相当する金額(当該納税義務者が前年中に特例控除対象寄附金を支出し、当該特例控除対象寄附金の額の合計額が二千円を超える場合には、当該百分の六(当該納税義務者が指定都市の区域内に住所を有する場合には、百分の八)に相当する金額に特例控除額を加算した金額。以下この項において「控除額」という。)を当該納税義務者の第三百十四条の三及び前条の規定を適用した場合の所得割の額から控除するものとする。この場合において、当該控除額が当該所得割の額を超えるときは、当該控除額は、当該所得割の額に相当する金額とする。
a donation to a prefecture, municipality or special ward (referred to as "prefecture, etc." in this Article) (excluding one found to confer a special benefit on that person liable for tax, such as the exclusive use by that person of facilities established by the donation);
都道府県、市町村又は特別区(以下この条において「都道府県等」という。)に対する寄附金(当該納税義務者がその寄附によつて設けられた設備を専属的に利用することその他特別の利益が当該納税義務者に及ぶと認められるものを除く。)
a donation to a community chest prescribed in Article 113, paragraph (2) of the Social Welfare Act (limited to one whose principal office is located in the prefecture of the domicile of that person liable for tax as of the assessment date relating to that person liable for tax) or a donation to the Japanese Red Cross Society (limited to one received by a branch of the Japanese Red Cross Society that has an office in the prefecture of the domicile of that person liable for tax as of the assessment date relating to that person liable for tax), that is specified by Cabinet Order;
社会福祉法第百十三条第二項に規定する共同募金会(その主たる事務所を当該納税義務者に係る賦課期日現在における住所所在の道府県内に有するものに限る。)に対する寄附金又は日本赤十字社に対する寄附金(当該納税義務者に係る賦課期日現在における住所所在の道府県内に事務所を有する日本赤十字社の支部において収納されたものに限る。)で、政令で定めるもの
Changes on (Act No. 4 of 2024)
of the donations listed in Article 78, paragraph (2), items (ii) and (iii) of the Income Tax Act (including those deemed to be specified donations under paragraph (3) of that Article) and the donations relating to specified non-profit activities prescribed in Article 41-18-2, paragraph (2) of the Act on Special Measures Concerning Taxation (excluding the donations listed in the following item), those specified by a Municipal Ordinance of the municipality concerned as donations that contribute to the improvement of the welfare of residents;
所得税法第七十八条第二項第二号及び第三号に掲げる寄附金(同条第三項の規定により特定寄附金とみなされるものを含む。)並びに租税特別措置法第四十一条の十八の二第二項に規定する特定非営利活動に関する寄附金(次号に掲げる寄附金を除く。)のうち、住民の福祉の増進に寄与する寄附金として当該市町村の条例で定めるもの
of the donations to a specified non-profit corporation prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (2) of the Act on Promotion of Specified Non-profit Activities (referred to as a "specified non-profit corporation" in this item and paragraph (12)) that relate to the business concerning specified non-profit activities prescribed in paragraph (1) of that Article conducted by that specified non-profit corporation, those specified by a Municipal Ordinance of the municipality concerned as donations that contribute to the improvement of the welfare of residents (excluding those found to confer a special benefit on that person liable for tax).
特定非営利活動促進法第二条第二項に規定する特定非営利活動法人(以下この号及び第十二項において「特定非営利活動法人」という。)に対する当該特定非営利活動法人の行う同条第一項に規定する特定非営利活動に係る事業に関連する寄附金のうち、住民の福祉の増進に寄与する寄附金として当該市町村の条例で定めるもの(特別の利益が当該納税義務者に及ぶと認められるものを除く。)
The "donation eligible for the special deduction" in the preceding paragraph means a donation listed in item (i) of that paragraph (referred to as an "item 1 donation" in this Article) that is made to a prefecture, etc. designated by the Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications as found to conform to the standards listed in items (i), (ii), (v) and (vi) (or the standards listed below, where the prefecture, etc. provides return gifts, etc. (meaning goods, services and the like that the prefecture, etc. provides, upon receipt of an item 1 donation, to the person who paid that item 1 donation, as specified by the Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications; the same applies in items (iii) and (iv))) throughout the period specified by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications as the period subject to designation under this paragraph (referred to as "designation" in this Article) (referred to as the "designation period" in item (ii), (a) and item (v)).
前項の特例控除対象寄附金とは、同項第一号に掲げる寄附金(以下この条において「第一号寄附金」という。)であつて、この項の規定による指定(以下この条において「指定」という。)の対象となる期間として総務省令で定める期間(第二号イ及び第五号において「指定対象期間」という。)を通じて第一号、第二号、第五号及び第六号に掲げる基準(都道府県等が返礼品等(都道府県等が第一号寄附金の受領に伴い当該第一号寄附金を支出した者に対して提供する物品、役務その他これらに類するものとして総務大臣が定めるものをいう。第三号及び第四号において同じ。)を提供する場合には、次に掲げる基準)に適合すると認められる都道府県等として総務大臣が指定するものに対するものをいう。
it conforms to the standards specified by the Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications as the standards for the appropriate conduct of solicitation of item 1 donations by prefectures, etc.;
it conforms to the following standards and other standards specified by the Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications as the standards for the use of item 1 donations by prefectures, etc.:
the amount obtained by deducting, from the total amount of item 1 donations received by the prefecture, etc. in the designation period, the amount calculated as provided by the Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications as the amount of the expenses required for soliciting item 1 donations in that designation period (referred to as the "usable donation amount" in (b)) is equal to or more than the amount equivalent to 60 percent of the total amount of item 1 donations received in that designation period;
it makes public the matters concerning the use of the usable donation amount, as provided by the Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications.
寄附金活用可能額の使途に関する事項について、総務大臣の定めるところにより公表すること。
the amount calculated as provided by the Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications as the amount of expenses required to procure the return gifts, etc. that the prefecture, etc. provides upon receipt of each individual item 1 donation is, in every case, equal to or less than the amount equivalent to 30 percent of the amount of that item 1 donation received by that prefecture, etc.;
the return gifts, etc. provided by the prefecture, etc. are goods produced within, or services provided within, the area of that prefecture, etc., or the like, and conform to the standards specified by the Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications;
there is no fact that the prefecture, etc. failed to conform to those of the standards listed in the preceding items to which it was required to conform within four years before the first day of the designation period (limited to the period during which that prefecture, etc. had been designated; referred to as the "specified period" in the following item) (excluding the case where it has already received revocation of designation under paragraph (5) (referred to as "revocation of designation" in this Article) on the basis of that fact);
there is no fact that the prefecture, etc. failed to report, or made a false report, in response to a request for a report made under paragraph (4) during the specified period (excluding the case where it has already received revocation of designation on the basis of those facts).
A prefecture, etc. seeking designation must, as provided by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, submit to the Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications a written request stating the matters specified by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications concerning conformity to the standards prescribed in the preceding paragraph, together with other documents specified by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications.
The Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications may request a prefecture, etc. that has been designated to report on the status of implementation of solicitation of item 1 donations and other necessary matters.
The Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications may revoke the designation where the Minister finds that a prefecture, etc. that has been designated has ceased to conform, or had not conformed, to any of the standards prescribed in paragraph (2), or where it has failed to make the report under the preceding paragraph or has made a false report.
When revoking a designation under the preceding paragraph, the Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications must make a decision, in respect of the prefecture, etc. subject to the revocation of designation, not to grant designation for a period fixed within three years. In this case, the prefecture, etc. subject to revocation of designation may not receive designation until that period has elapsed, counting from the date of revocation of designation.
When the Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications has granted a designation or revoked a designation, the Minister must give public notice to that effect without delay.
The Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications must hear the opinion of the Local Finance Council regarding the establishment, change or abolition of the standards prescribed in paragraph (2) or of the stipulations under that paragraph, designation or revocation of designation, and the decision prescribed in paragraph (6).
In the case of paragraph (1), whether a donation is a donation eligible for the special deduction prescribed in paragraph (2) (referred to as a "donation eligible for the special deduction" in paragraph (11)) is determined by whether the prefecture, etc. that received the item 1 donation was designated at the time when the person liable for the income levy paid the item 1 donation.
In addition to what is prescribed in paragraphs (2) through (8), matters necessary for designation and revocation of designation are specified by Cabinet Order.
第二項から第八項までに規定するもののほか、指定及び指定の取消しに関し必要な事項は、政令で定める。
Changes on (Act No. 2 of 2026)
The amount of special deduction in paragraph (1) is the amount equivalent to three-fifths (or four-fifths, where that person liable for tax has a domicile within the area of a designated city) of the amount obtained by multiplying the portion exceeding 2,000 yen of the total amount of donations eligible for the special deduction paid in the previous year by the person liable for the income levy under that paragraph by the ratio provided in the following items according to the classification of cases listed in those items (or, where that amount exceeds the amount equivalent to 20 percent of the amount of the income levy of that person liable for tax when Article 314-3 and the preceding Article are applied, the amount equivalent to that 20 percent).
Where that person liable for tax has the taxable gross income prescribed in Article 314-3, paragraph (2) (referred to as "taxable gross income" in this paragraph) and the amount obtained by deducting from that taxable gross income the total of the amount listed in item (i), (a) of the preceding Article relating to that person liable for tax and the amount obtained by deducting 480,000 yen from the amount of the basic personal exemption prescribed in Article 86, paragraph (2) of the Income Tax Act relating to the income tax for the previous year of that person liable for tax (the amount after application, where Article 41-16-2, paragraph (1) of the Act on Special Measures Concerning Taxation applies) (where the amount so obtained is less than zero, zero) (referred to as the "adjustment for differences in personal deductions" in the following item and item (iii)) is zero or more: for the amount after that deduction, the ratio listed in the right-hand column of the following table according to the classification of amounts listed in the left-hand column of that table
| An amount of 1,950,000 yen or less | 85 percent |
| An amount exceeding 1,950,000 yen and 3,300,000 yen or less | 80 percent |
| An amount exceeding 3,300,000 yen and 6,950,000 yen or less | 70 percent |
| An amount exceeding 6,950,000 yen and 9,000,000 yen or less | 67 percent |
| An amount exceeding 9,000,000 yen and 18,000,000 yen or less | 57 percent |
| An amount exceeding 18,000,000 yen and 40,000,000 yen or less | 50 percent |
| An amount exceeding 40,000,000 yen | 45 percent |
当該納税義務者が第三百十四条の三第二項に規定する課税総所得金額(以下この項において「課税総所得金額」という。)を有する場合において、当該課税総所得金額から当該納税義務者に係る前条第一号イに掲げる金額と当該納税義務者の前年分の所得税に係る所得税法第八十六条第二項に規定する基礎控除の額(租税特別措置法第四十一条の十六の二第一項の規定の適用がある場合には、その適用後の額)から四十八万円を控除して得た額(当該控除して得た額が零を下回る場合には、零とする。)との合計額(次号及び第三号において「人的控除差調整額」という。)を控除した金額が零以上であるとき 当該控除後の金額について、次の表の上欄に掲げる金額の区分に応じ、それぞれ同表の下欄に掲げる割合
| 百九十五万円以下の金額 | 百分の八十五 |
| 百九十五万円を超え三百三十万円以下の金額 | 百分の八十 |
| 三百三十万円を超え六百九十五万円以下の金額 | 百分の七十 |
| 六百九十五万円を超え九百万円以下の金額 | 百分の六十七 |
| 九百万円を超え千八百万円以下の金額 | 百分の五十七 |
| 千八百万円を超え四千万円以下の金額 | 百分の五十 |
| 四千万円を超える金額 | 百分の四十五 |
where that person liable for tax has taxable gross income and the amount obtained by deducting the adjustment for differences in personal deductions relating to that person liable for tax from that taxable gross income is less than zero, and that person liable for tax has neither the taxable timber income prescribed in Article 314-3, paragraph (2) (referred to as "taxable timber income" in the following item) nor the taxable retirement income prescribed in that paragraph (referred to as "taxable retirement income" in that item): 90 percent;
where, in the case where that person liable for tax has taxable gross income, the amount obtained by deducting the adjustment for differences in personal deductions relating to that person liable for tax from that taxable gross income is less than zero, or in the case where that person liable for tax does not have taxable gross income, that person liable for tax has taxable timber income or taxable retirement income: the ratio specified respectively in (a) or (b) according to the classification of cases listed in (a) or (b) (the lower of the ratios specified in (a) and (b), where the person falls under both of the cases listed in (a) and (b)).
where the person has taxable timber income: for the amount equivalent to one-fifth of that taxable timber income, the ratio listed in the right-hand column of the table in item (i) according to the classification of amounts listed in the left-hand column of that table;
where the person has taxable retirement income: for that taxable retirement income, the ratio listed in the right-hand column of the table in item (i) according to the classification of amounts listed in the left-hand column of that table.
The stipulation of a Municipal Ordinance under paragraph (1), item (iv) is to be made where there has been a request from the specified non-profit corporation that receives the donation (referred to as a "deduction-eligible specified non-profit corporation" in this Article) and it is found appropriate, and that Municipal Ordinance must make clear the name and the location of the principal office of that deduction-eligible specified non-profit corporation.
A deduction-eligible specified non-profit corporation must, as provided by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, keep and preserve a donor register (meaning a document stating, for each payer of the donations received by that corporation in each business year, the name or appellation of the payer, the payer's address or the location of the payer's office, the amount of the donation and the date of receipt; the same applies in the following paragraph).
控除対象特定非営利活動法人は、総務省令で定めるところにより、寄附者名簿(各事業年度に当該法人が受け入れた寄附金の支払者ごとに当該支払者の氏名又は名称及びその住所又は事務所の所在地並びにその寄附金の額及び受け入れた年月日を記載した書類をいう。次項において同じ。)を備え、これを保存しなければならない。
When the mayor of the municipality finds it necessary for calculating the amount to be deducted under paragraph (1) (limited to the portion relating to the donations listed in item (iv)), the mayor may have a deduction-eligible specified non-profit corporation make a report on its receipt of the donations listed in that item, or submit a donor register or other materials.
市町村長は、第一項(第四号に掲げる寄附金に係る部分に限る。)の規定により控除すべき金額の計算のために必要があると認めるときは、控除対象特定非営利活動法人に対し、同号に掲げる寄附金の受入れに関し報告又は寄附者名簿その他の資料の提出をさせることができる。
Read this with the articles around it
previous yearmachine translation
「前年」
The calendar year before the year in which the first day of the fiscal year concerned falls.
Short name set inArticle 292, paragraph (1), item (vii)· applies only in this article and in Articles 295, 313 to 317-3 and 317-6 to 321-7-9
designated citymachine translation
「指定都市」
A designated city under Article 252-19, paragraph (1) of the Local Autonomy Act: a city with a population of 500,000 or more designated by Cabinet Order (政令).
Short name set inArticle 314-3, paragraph (1)· applies only in this provision and in Articles 314-6 and 314-7
taxable timber incomemachine translation
「課税山林所得金額」
The previous year's timber income (山林所得金額) left after the income deductions under Article 34 (for prefectural inhabitant tax) or Article 314-2 (for municipal inhabitant tax).
Defined inArticle 314-3, paragraph (2)
amount of deductionmachine translation
「控除額」
In Article 314-7, paragraph 1, the donation credit against the income levy (所得割) of municipal inhabitant tax (市町村民税): 6 per cent (8 per cent for a taxpayer living in a designated city (指定都市)) of the amount by which the donations listed in that paragraph made in the previous year (counted up to 30 per cent of the total, retirement and timber income) exceed 2,000 yen, with the special deduction amount (特例控除額) added where donations eligible for the special deduction (特例控除対象寄附金) exceed 2,000 yen.
Short name set inArticle 314-7, paragraph (1)· applies only in this paragraph
prefecture, etc.machine translation
「都道府県等」
A prefecture, municipality or special ward (特別区).
Short name set inArticle 314-7, paragraph (1), item (i)· applies only in this article
specified non-profit corporationmachine translation
「特定非営利活動法人」
A specified nonprofit corporation as defined in Article 2, paragraph 2 of the Act on Promotion of Specified Non-profit Activities; donations to one connected with its specified non-profit activities (特定非営利活動) that the local government's by-law (条例) names as furthering residents' welfare, other than donations bringing the donor a special benefit, count among the donations deductible from the inhabitant tax's income levy (所得割).
Short name set inArticle 314-7, paragraph (1), item (iv)· applies only in this item and in Article 314-7, paragraph (12)
designationmachine translation
「指定」
The designation by the Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications (総務大臣) of a prefecture or municipality (都道府県等) found to meet, throughout the designation period, the standards Article 37-2, paragraph 2 and Article 314-7, paragraph 2 set for soliciting and using donations and for any return gifts (返礼品等), donations to which count as donations eligible for the special deduction (特例控除対象寄附金).
Short name set inArticle 314-7, paragraph (2)· applies only in this article
item 1 donationmachine translation
「第一号寄附金」
In the articles on the inhabitant tax deduction for donations, a donation to a prefecture, municipality or special ward (都道府県等) of the kind listed in item 1 of their paragraph 1, other than one bringing the donor a special benefit; such a donation to a body the Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications designates under paragraph 2 as meeting the criteria on fundraising, use of the money and return gifts (返礼品等) is a special deduction donation (特例控除対象寄附金).
Short name set inArticle 314-7, paragraph (2)· applies only in this article
return gift, etc.machine translation
「返礼品等」
Goods, services or similar things, as the Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications specifies, that a prefecture, municipality or special ward (特別区) gives a donor in return for a donation to it (第一号寄附金).
Defined inArticle 314-7, paragraph (2)· applies only in this provision
usable donation amountmachine translation
「寄附金活用可能額」
The total of the first-category donations (第一号寄附金) a prefecture or municipality receives in its designation period (指定対象期間), less the cost of soliciting them as the Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications sets it; for the designation it must be at least 60 percent of that total.
Short name set inArticle 314-7, paragraph (2), item (ii), (a)· applies only in this provision and in Article 314-7, paragraph (2), item (ii), (b)
revocation of designationmachine translation
「指定の取消し」
In Article 314-7, the revocation under paragraph 5 of that Article of the designation (指定) by the Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications (総務大臣) of a prefecture or municipality (都道府県等) to which donations count as donations eligible for the special deduction (特例控除対象寄附金) from municipal inhabitant tax (市町村民税).
Short name set inArticle 314-7, paragraph (2), item (v)· applies only in this article
specified periodmachine translation
「特定期間」
For the special deduction for donations to a prefecture, municipality or special ward (都道府県等) that the Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications designates for the municipal inhabitant tax (市町村民税), the four years before the first day of the designation period (指定対象期間), counting only the time that body held a designation; a body that did not meet the criteria applying to it in that time cannot be designated.
Short name set inArticle 314-7, paragraph (2), item (v)· applies only in this provision and in Article 314-7, paragraph (2), item (vi)
donation eligible for the special deductionmachine translation
「特例控除対象寄附金」
A donation to a prefecture, municipality or special ward (都道府県等), other than one that brings the donor a special benefit, made to one that the Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications (総務大臣) designates under Article 37-2, paragraph 2 or Article 314-7, paragraph 2 as meeting the standards on soliciting donations properly and on their use and, where it gives return gifts (返礼品等), on those gifts.
Short name set inArticle 314-7, paragraph (9)· applies only in this provision and in Article 314-7, paragraph (11)
adjustment for differences in personal deductionsmachine translation
「人的控除差調整額」
The sum of the amount for the taxpayer under Article 314-6, item 1(a) and the taxpayer's previous-year income tax basic deduction under Article 86, paragraph 2 of the Income Tax Act (as adjusted under Article 41-16-2, paragraph 1 of the Act on Special Measures Concerning Taxation where that applies) less 480,000 yen, or zero if that is negative.
Short name set inArticle 314-7, paragraph (11), item (i)· applies only in this provision and in Article 314-7, paragraph (11), items (ii) and (iii)
taxable gross incomemachine translation
「課税総所得金額」
The previous year's total income (総所得金額) left after the income deductions under Article 34 (for prefectural inhabitant tax) or Article 314-2 (for municipal inhabitant tax), as Article 35, paragraph 2 and Article 314-3, paragraph 2 define it.
Short name set inArticle 314-7, paragraph (11), item (i)· applies only in this paragraph
taxable timber incomemachine translation
「課税山林所得金額」
The previous year's timber income (山林所得金額) left after the income deductions under Article 34 (for prefectural inhabitant tax) or Article 314-2 (for municipal inhabitant tax).
Short name set inArticle 314-7, paragraph (11), item (ii)· applies only in this provision and in Article 314-7, paragraph (11), item (iii)
taxable retirement incomemachine translation
「課税退職所得金額」
The previous year's retirement income (退職所得金額) after the deductions in Article 34 (for the prefectural inhabitant tax (道府県民税)) or Article 314-2 (for the municipal inhabitant tax (市町村民税)), as Article 35, paragraph 2 and Article 314-3, paragraph 2 define it.
Short name set inArticle 314-7, paragraph (11), item (ii)· applies only in this provision and in Article 314-7, paragraph (11), item (iii)
deduction-eligible specified non-profit corporationmachine translation
「控除対象特定非営利活動法人」
In Article 314-7, a specified non-profit corporation (特定非営利活動法人) receiving donations that a municipal ordinance (条例) names, on the corporation's request, under paragraph 1, item 4 of that Article as eligible for the donation credit against municipal inhabitant tax (市町村民税).
Short name set inArticle 314-7, paragraph (12)· applies only in this article
donor registermachine translation
「寄附者名簿」
The record a deduction-eligible specified non-profit corporation (控除対象特定非営利活動法人) must keep, listing for each donor in each business year the donor's name, address, the amount donated and the date it was received.
Defined inArticle 314-7, paragraph (13)· applies only in this provision and in Article 314-7, paragraph (14)
Prefectural or Municipal Ordinance
条例
A rule a local government makes for itself: a prefecture (都道府県), a city, town or village (市町村), or one of Tokyo's special wards (特別区) (Local Autonomy Act, Articles 1-3, 281 and 283). Its assembly (議会), whose members the residents elect, passes it (Articles 89 and 96, paragraph (1), item (i)), and its head — the governor or the mayor (Article 139) — promulgates it, that is, makes it public so that it can take effect (Article 16). The Constitution lets local governments make them within the limits of Acts (Constitution, Article 94), and one may not go against the national laws and regulations (法令), such as Acts, Cabinet Orders (政令) and Ministerial Orders (省令) (Local Autonomy Act, Article 14, paragraph (1)). Unless national laws and regulations provide otherwise, a local government can impose a duty or restrict a right only by one of these (Article 14, paragraph (2)), and it may write into one penalties for breaking it, within limits the Local Autonomy Act sets (Article 14, paragraph (3)). It is made for that local government's own affairs (Article 2, paragraph (2) and Article 14, paragraph (1)), so the same matter can be handled differently from one place to the next. It is a local rule, not a national one: an "ordinance" in the name of a national rule, such as an Ordinance for Enforcement of an Act, is usually a Ministerial Order (省令) or another national instrument.
Written by AI using Constitution, Art. 94 and Local Autonomy Act, Arts. 1-3, 2, 14, 16, 89, 96, 139, 281, 283 as a reference.
special ward
特別区
A ward (区) of a metropolis (都) (Local Autonomy Act, Article 281, paragraph (1)). Today the only special wards are the 23 wards of Tokyo. A special ward is a basic local government in its own right: it does, in general, the work a city, town or village (市町村) does elsewhere, apart from what the metropolis does across all the wards as one (Article 281-2, paragraph (2)). Where a law or order gives a city (市) work to do, its provisions on that work also apply to a special ward, for the work the ward does (Article 281, paragraph (2), and Article 283, paragraph (2)); a Cabinet Order (政令) can make special rules where they cannot apply as they stand (Article 283, paragraph (3)).
Written by AI using Local Autonomy Act, Arts. 281, 281-2, 283 as a reference.