第十七条（銀行等の確認義務）
Article 17Obligation of Banks and Other Prescribed Financial Institutions to Implement Confirmations for Transactions
It is prohibited for a bank or other prescribed financial institution to conduct a funds transfer transaction with a customer that involves a payment being made or received by that customer until after it has confirmed that the customer's making or receiving of the payment does not constitute the making or receiving of a payment stated in one of the following items, or, if the customer's making or receiving of the payment is found to constitute the making or receiving of a payment stated in one of the following items, until after it has confirmed that the requirement prescribed in that item has been met:
the making or receiving of a payment that it has been made obligatory for persons to get permission for pursuant to the provisions of Article 16, paragraphs (1) through (3):the customer has gotten that permission;
第十六条第一項から第三項までの規定により許可を受ける義務が課された支払等 当該許可を受けていること。
the making or receiving of a payment in connection with a capital transaction prescribed in Article 20 that it has been made obligatory for persons to get permission for pursuant to the provisions of Article 21, paragraph (1) or (2):the customer has gotten that permission; and
the making or receiving of any other payment in connection with a transaction or action prescribed by Cabinet Order that it has been made obligatory for persons to get permission or approval for or for persons to file a notification for pursuant to the provisions of this Act or an Order based on this Act:the customer has gotten that permission or approval, or has completed the necessary procedures after filing the notification.
その他この法律又はこの法律に基づく命令の規定により許可若しくは承認を受け、又は届出をする義務が課された取引又は行為のうち政令で定めるものに係る支払等 当該許可若しくは承認を受け、又は当該届出後の所要の手続を完了していること。
略称規定第十六条の二第一項
…その者に対し、一年以内の期間を限り、本邦から外国へ向けた支払（銀行（銀行法（昭和五十六年法律第五十九号）第二条第一項に規定する銀行をいう。第二十一条第三項において同じ。）その他の政令で定める金融機関（以下「銀行等」という。）又は資金移動…
わかりやすく言うと
銀行法の免許を受けて銀行業を営む銀行と、その他の政令で定める金融機関をまとめた呼び名です。細かな範囲は政令で定められています。