Article 20-4
The entrusted party under a contract on the entrustment of business deposits which makes a business deposit for prepaid services following the instructions under the provisions of the main clause of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article, may recover the business deposit for prepaid services it makes, if a filing of claims to which the public notice under the provisions of paragraph (1) of that Article concerns is not made within the period during which the claims must be filed.
The entrusted party under a contract on the entrustment of business deposits which makes a business deposit for prepaid services following instructions under paragraph (3) of the preceding Article may recover the business deposit for prepaid services it makes if the public notice under the provisions of paragraph (1) of that Article is issued and the claim to which that public notice concerns is not filed within the period that the claim must be filed; or if the public notice is not issued and the entrusted party obtains the approval of the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry pursuant to the provisions of Order of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
The necessary matters relevant to the recovery of a business deposit for prepaid services under the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs are specified by Order of the Ministry of Justice and Order of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
前二項の規定による前受業務保証金の取戻しに関し必要な事項は、法務省令・経済産業省令で定める。
Article 21Refunding of Business Security Deposits and Business Deposits for Prepaid Services
A person that concludes a contract for prepaid installment sales with a licensed installment seller has the right to be repaid for the claims arising from such a contract out of the business security deposit or business deposit for prepaid services made by the licensed installment seller or an entrusted party that has concluded a contract on the entrustment of business deposits with that licensed installment seller.
The necessary matters relevant to the exercise of the right referred to in the preceding paragraph are specified by Cabinet Order.
前項の権利の実行に関し必要な事項は、政令で定める。
Article 22Measures for When Rights Are Exercised
If a business security deposit comes to fall short of the amount specified in Article 17, paragraph (1) because a person that holds the right referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article exercises that right, the licensed installment seller must deposit the shortfall without delay on or after the date on which it becomes aware of that fact.
If the amount that may be allocated for the repayment of an obligation arising from a contract for prepaid installment sales based on preservative measures for advances received comes to fall short of the base amount as of the base date immediately before the day on which the right referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article is exercised, because a person that holds that right exercises it, the licensed installment seller that is taking those preservative measures for advances received must take a new preservative measure for advances received for the shortfall without delay on or after the day on which it becomes aware of that fact, and must notify the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry of this in writing.
The provisions of Article 16, paragraph (2) and Article 17, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis when a deposit is made pursuant to paragraph (1), and the provisions of Article 18-4, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis to a notification under the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
Article 22-2Change of Depository for a Business Security Deposit or Business Deposit for Prepaid Services
If the business security deposit or business deposit for prepaid services is made solely in cash and the nearest depository changes because the location of the principal business office of the licensed installment seller has changed, the licensed installment seller or the entrusted party under a contract on the entrustment of business deposits must pay the expenses in advance and request the depository with which the business security deposit or business deposit for prepaid services has been made to transfer the business security deposit or business deposit for prepaid services to the depository which is nearest to the principal business office of the licensed installment seller after the change, without delay.
If a business security deposit or business deposit for prepaid services is made in the form of securities provided for in Article 17, paragraph (2) or in those securities and cash, and the nearest depository changes because the location of the principal business office of a licensed installment seller has changed, the licensed installment seller must make a business security deposit or business deposit for prepaid services in the same amount as that business security deposit or business deposit for prepaid services with the depository which is nearest to its principal business office after the change, without delay. Once that deposit is made, the business security deposit or business deposit for prepaid services that was made with the depository that was nearest to the principal business office before it changed location may be recovered pursuant to the provisions of Order of the Ministry of Justice and Order of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
The provisions of Article 17, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis when a deposit is made pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
Article 23Rescission of a License
If a licensed installment seller falls under one of the following items, the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry must rescind its license:
経済産業大臣は、許可割賦販売業者が次の各号の一に該当するときは、その許可を取り消さなければならない。
it comes to fall under the provisions of Article 15, paragraph (1), item (ii), item (vii), or item (viii);
第十五条第一項第二号、第七号又は第八号の規定に該当することとなつたとき。
an order under Article 20, paragraph (1) is issued and a rescission under the provisions of paragraph (2) of that Article is not made within six months from the date of that order;
it violates an order under the provisions of Article 20, paragraph (1); or
第二十条第一項の規定による命令に違反したとき。
it has obtained the license referred to in Article 11 by wrongful means.
不正の手段により第十一条の許可を受けたとき。
If a licensed installment seller falls under one of the following items, the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry may order that licensed installment seller not to conclude any contract for prepaid installment sales for a fixed period of no longer than three months, or may rescind its license:
it violates the provisions of Article 16, paragraph (3) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 18, paragraph (2)) in commencing operations;
it violates the provisions of Article 18-3, paragraph (1) in concluding a new contract for prepaid installment sales;
it violates an order under the provisions of Article 19, paragraph (3);
第十九条第三項の規定による命令に違反したとき。
it violates an order under the provisions of Article 20-2, paragraph (1);
第二十条の二第一項の規定による命令に違反したとき。
it fails to make a deposit under the provisions of Article 22, paragraph (1); or
第二十二条第一項の規定による供託をしないとき。
it fails to take preservative measures for advances received under the provisions of Article 22, paragraph (2).
第二十二条第二項の規定による前受金保全措置を講じないとき。
If a licensed installment seller violates the order referred to in item (iv) of the preceding paragraph (limited to an order issued when business operations that are connected with the prepaid installment sales of the licensed installment seller fall under Article 20-2, paragraph (1), item (iii); the same applies in the following paragraph and Article 40, paragraph (2)), before the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry seeks to reach a disposition under the preceding paragraph, the minister must consult with the Prime Minister.
If a licensed installment seller violates the order referred to in item (iv) of paragraph (2) and the Prime Minister finds it to be necessary to protect the interests of purchasers, the minister may state a necessary opinion concerning a disposition under the provisions of that paragraph to the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry.
If the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry rescinds a license pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) or paragraph (2), the minister must notify the person that was formerly the relevant licensed installment seller of this, indicating the reasons for the rescission, without delay.
Article 24Public Notice of a Disposition
If the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry issues an order under the provisions of Article 20, paragraph (1) or rescinds such an order pursuant to the provisions of Article 20, paragraph (2), or if the minister rescinds a license pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) of the preceding Article, the minister must issue a public notice of this pursuant to the provisions of Order of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
Article 25Expiration of a License
If a licensed installment seller discontinues operations in prepaid installment sales, its license expires.
Article 26Notification of Discontinuation
If a licensed installment seller discontinues operations in prepaid installment sales, it must notify the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry of the discontinuation without delay.
The provisions of Article 24 apply mutatis mutandis when a notification under the preceding paragraph is filed.
Article 27Cancellation of a Contract
If a licensed installment seller falls under one of the following items, a person that has concluded a contract for prepaid installment sales with that licensed installment seller but has not been delivered the goods under that contract may cancel the contract:
it fails to take preservative measures for advances received for the base amount as of the base date, on or before the day on which fifty days have passed since the day following the relevant base date;
基準日の翌日から起算して五十日を経過する日までの間に当該基準日に係る基準額について前受金保全措置を講じなかつたとき。
it becomes subject to an order under Article 20, paragraph (1);
第二十条第一項の規定による命令を受けたとき。
its license is rescinded pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) of Article 23;
its license loses validity pursuant to the provisions of Article 25;
第二十五条の規定により許可が効力を失つたとき。
a motion to commence bankruptcy proceedings, rehabilitation proceedings, or reorganization proceedings is filed; or
破産手続開始、再生手続開始又は更生手続開始の申立てがあつたとき。
it suspends payments.
支払を停止したとき。
Any special provisions of a contract that run counter to the preceding paragraph are void.
前項の規定に反する特約は、無効とする。
Article 28Completion of Transactions Upon Rescission of a License
If the license of a licensed installment seller is rescinded pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) of Article 23 or loses validity pursuant to the provisions of Article 25, the person that was formerly the licensed installment seller or its general successor is deemed to continue to be a licensed installment seller, inasmuch as its sole aim is to enable the completion of transactions under contracts for prepaid installment sales that the licensed installment seller has concluded.
Article 29
If the license of a licensed installment seller is rescinded pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) of Article 23 or loses validity pursuant to the provisions of Article 25, the person that was formerly that licensed installment seller or its successor (excluding a person that is deemed to be a licensed installment seller pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article) may recover the business security deposit or business deposit for prepaid services that the person that was formerly that licensed installment seller has made.
The recovery of a business security deposit or business deposit for prepaid services referred to in the preceding paragraph is not permitted unless public notice is issued to the persons with the right to that business security deposit or business deposit for prepaid services as referred to in Article 21, paragraph (1), indicating that those persons must make a filing within a fixed period of not less than six months, and no filing is made within that period; provided, however, that this does not apply once ten years have passed following the occurrence of grounds for the recovery of a business security deposit or business deposit for prepaid services.
The necessary matters of the public notice referred to in the preceding paragraph and those relevant to the recovery of the business security deposit or business deposit for prepaid services under the provisions of paragraph (1) are specified by Order of the Ministry of Justice and Order of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
略称規定第十一条第一項
指定商品を引き渡すに先立つて購入者から二回以上にわたりその代金の全部又は一部を受領する第二条第一項第一号に規定する割賦販売(以下「前払式割賦販売」という。)は、経済産業大臣の許可を受けた者でなければ、業として営んではならない。
わかりやすく言うと
二か月以上・三回以上に分けて代金を受け取る条件で指定商品などを売る割賦販売(第二条第一項第一号)のうち、指定商品を引き渡す前に、購入者から二回以上にわたって代金の全部または一部を受け取るものです。
略称規定第十五条第一項第八号ハ
第十一条の許可を受けた者(以下「許可割賦販売業者」という。)が第二十三条第一項又は第二項の規定により許可を取り消された場合において、その処分のあつた日前三十日以内にその許可割賦販売業者の役員であつた者で…
わかりやすく言うと
前払式割賦販売(指定商品を引き渡す前に、購入者から二回以上に分けて代金の全部または一部を受け取る割賦販売)を業として営むために、経済産業大臣の許可(第十一条)を受けた者のことです。
略称規定第十八条の三第二項
前受金保全措置は、前受業務保証金の供託又は前受業務保証金供託委託契約の締結であつて、その措置により、許可割賦販売業者が、基準日において前払式割賦販売の契約を締結している者から当該基準日までにその契約に係る商品の代金の全部又は一部として受領…
わかりやすく言うと
前払式割賦販売の許可を受けた業者が、基準日(毎年三月三十一日と九月三十日)までに契約者から受け取った前受金の合計額の半分から、その基準日の営業保証金の額を差し引いた額のことです。前受金保全措置は、この額を契約による債務の支払に充てられるものでなければなりません。
略称規定第十八条の三第四項
銀行その他政令で定める金融機関又は経済産業大臣の指定する者でなければ、前項の前受業務保証金供託委託契約(以下単に「供託委託契約」という。)の受託者となることができない。
わかりやすく言うと
前払式割賦販売の前受金を守る措置として許可割賦販売業者が結ぶ前受業務保証金供託委託契約のことです。一定の期間内に業者に一定の事由が生じた場合などに、受託者が業者のために委託額に相当する前受業務保証金を供託すると約束する契約です。
解除
契約や法律の規定により当事者の一方が解除権を持つとき、相手方に対する意思表示によって契約を終わらせることです(民法第五百四十条第一項)。民法は、相手方が債務を履行しないときの解除を定めています。相当の期間を定めて履行を催告してもその期間内に履行がないときは解除でき(残った不履行が軽微なときを除きます。同法第五百四十一条)、履行の全部が不能であるとき、相手方が履行を拒む意思をはっきり示したときなど、履行を受ける見込みがないことが明らかなときは、催告をせずにすぐ解除できます(同法第五百四十二条第一項)。解除すると、各当事者は相手方を元の状態に戻す義務を負い、損害賠償の請求もできます(同法第五百四十五条第一項・第四項)。ただし、賃貸借の解除は将来に向かってのみ効力を生じます(同法第六百二十条)。取り消された行為が初めから無効であったものとみなされる取消し(同法第百二十一条)とは異なります。
民法第121条・第540条・第541条・第542条・第545条・第620条を参考にAIが作成。
供託所
法令の定めにより供託する金銭や有価証券を保管する役所で、法務局、地方法務局、それらの支局、または法務大臣が指定するそれらの出張所がこれに当たります(供託法第一条)。事務は、法務局や地方法務局の長が供託官として指定した職員が取り扱います(供託法第一条の二)。宅地建物取引業法では、宅地建物取引業者は、営業保証金を主たる事務所の最寄りの供託所に供託しなければなりません(宅地建物取引業法第二十五条第一項)。業者と宅地建物取引業に関して取引をした人(ほかの業者を除きます)は、その取引で生じた債権について、この営業保証金から支払を受ける権利があります(宅地建物取引業法第二十七条第一項)。業者は、契約が成立するまでに、相手方にその供託所と所在地を説明しなければなりません。業者が宅地建物取引業保証協会の社員であるときは、協会の名称や所在地と、協会が供託した供託所とその所在地を説明します(宅地建物取引業法第三十五条の二)。
供託法第1条・第1条の2、宅地建物取引業法第25条・第27条・第35条の2・第64条の7を参考にAIが作成。
内閣総理大臣
内閣の首長です。国会議員の中から国会の議決で指名され、天皇が任命します(第六十七条第一項・第六条第一項)。国務大臣を任意に任命し罷免することができ、その過半数は国会議員でなければなりません(第六十八条)。国務大臣は、その在任中、内閣総理大臣の同意がなければ訴追されません(第七十五条)。
日本国憲法第6条・第67条・第68条・第75条、Wikipedia「内閣総理大臣」を参考にAIが作成。
無効
初めから法律上の効力がないことです。無効な行為は、追認しても効力を生じず、無効であることを知って追認したときは新たな行為をしたものとみなされます(民法第百十九条)。公の秩序又は善良の風俗に反する法律行為は無効です(同法第九十条)。また、一方を守るための法律の中には、その保護を失わせる定めを無効とするものがあります。借地権の存続期間や更新についての借地借家法の定めに反する特約で借地人に不利なもの(借地借家法第九条)、事業者の債務不履行により消費者に生じた損害を賠償する責任の全部を免除する消費者契約の条項(消費者契約法第八条第一項第一号)、労働基準法で定める基準に達しない労働条件を定める労働契約の部分(労働基準法第十三条。無効となった部分は同法の基準によります)がその例です。
民法第90条・第119条、借地借家法第9条、消費者契約法第8条、労働基準法第13条を参考にAIが作成。