Article 18-4
A licensed installment seller that takes preservative measures for advances received must file a written notification with the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry on each base date, of the preservative measures for advances received in respect of that base amount, for that base date.
When a licensed installment seller takes a new preservative measure for advances received and files a notification under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the document referred to in that paragraph must be accompanied by a copy of the deposit statement showing the receipt of the deposit, if that preservative measure for advances received is the making of a business deposit for prepaid services, or by the copy of the contract, if that preservative measure for advances received is the conclusion of a contract on the entrustment of business deposits.
Article 18-5
If an amount that corresponds to one-half of the total amount of the advances that a licensed installment seller taking preservative measures for advances received has received by the base date, from persons with which it has concluded contracts for prepaid installment sales as of the base date, as all or part of the cost of the goods under the contracts, falls to or below the amount of the business security deposit provided for in Article 17, paragraph (1) as of the base date, the licensed installment seller may recover all of the business deposits for the prepaid services or cancel all of the contracts on the entrustment of business deposits by the next base date.
In a case beyond what is prescribed in the preceding paragraph, if, as of the base date, the amount that can be allocated to the repayment of obligations under a contract for prepaid installment sales due to the preservative measures for advances received, exceeds the base amount for that base date, the licensed installment seller that is taking the preservative measures may recover the excess amount of the business deposits for prepaid services or cancel all or part of the contract on the entrustment of business deposits by the next base date.
The recovery of business deposits for prepaid services under the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs may not be made without the approval of the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry having been obtained pursuant to the provisions of Order of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
前二項の規定による前受業務保証金の取戻しは、経済産業省令で定めるところにより、経済産業大臣の承認を受けなければ、することができない。
Beyond what is prescribed in the preceding paragraph, necessary matters relevant to the recovery of business deposits for prepaid services under the provisions of paragraph (1) or paragraph (2), are specified by Order of the Ministry of Justice and Order of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
The cancellation of a contract on the entrustment of business deposits under the provisions of paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) does not become effective without the approval of the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry having been obtained pursuant to the provisions of Order of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
It is not permissible for a contract on the entrustment of business deposits as a preservative measure for advances received to be cancelled in whole or in part, except in the cases prescribed in paragraph (1) or paragraph (2); provided, however, that this does not apply if a part of the contract on the entrustment of business deposits is canceled and the contract on the entrustment of business deposits still satisfies the requirements prescribed in Article 18-3, paragraph (3).
Any special provisions of a contract that run counter to the preceding paragraph are void.
前項の規定に反する特約は、無効とする。
Article 18-6Succession
If a licensed installment seller transfers all of its business or if a licensed installment seller merges or undergoes a company split (limited to when all of its business is succeeded to), the corporation succeeding to all of its business, the corporation surviving the merger, the corporation incorporated in the merger, or the corporation succeeding to the whole of business in the company split, succeeds to the status of licensed installment seller; provided, however, that this does not apply if the corporation succeeding to the whole of the business, the corporation surviving the merger, the corporation incorporated in the merger, or the corporation succeeding to the whole of business in the company split falls under one of the provisions of Article 15, paragraph (1), item (ii) or items (vi) through (viii) inclusive.
許可割賦販売業者が事業の全部を譲渡し、又は許可割賦販売業者について合併若しくは分割(当該事業の全部を承継させるものに限る。)があつたときは、当該事業の全部を譲り受けた法人又は合併後存続する法人若しくは合併により設立した法人若しくは分割により当該事業の全部を承継した法人は、その許可割賦販売業者の地位を承継する。ただし、当該事業の全部を譲り受けた法人又は合併後存続する法人若しくは合併により設立した法人若しくは分割により当該事業の全部を承継した法人が第十五条第一項第二号又は同項第六号から第八号までのいずれかに該当するときは、この限りでない。
A person that succeeds to the status of licensed installment seller pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph must file a notification of this, accompanied by documents evidencing that fact, with the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, without delay.
Article 19Notification of a Change
If there is any change in a matter stated in one of the items of Article 12, paragraph (1), the licensed installment seller must notify the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry of this without delay.
If a licensed installment seller seeks to change the general conditions of a contract for prepaid installment sales, it must notify the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry of this.
許可割賦販売業者は、前払式割賦販売契約約款を変更しようとするときは、その旨を経済産業大臣に届け出なければならない。
If the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry is notified of a change under the provisions of the preceding paragraph and the minister finds that the content of the general conditions of the contract for prepaid installment sales after the change no longer conforms to the standard specified by Order of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and Cabinet Office Order which are referred to in Article 15, paragraph (1), item (v), the minister may order the licensed installment seller to change that content.
経済産業大臣は、前項の規定による変更の届出があつた場合において、その変更後の前払式割賦販売契約約款の内容が第十五条第一項第五号の経済産業省令・内閣府令で定める基準に適合しなくなると認めるときは、当該許可割賦販売業者に対し、その内容の変更を命ずることができる。
The provisions of Article 12, paragraphs (2) and (3) apply mutatis mutandis when a notification of a change under paragraph (1) is filed and the provisions of paragraph (2) of that Article apply mutatis mutandis when a notification of a change under paragraph (2) is filed.
Article 19-2Keeping of Books
A licensed installment seller must keep books, enter in them the matters specified by Order of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry concerning contracts for prepaid installment sales, and archive them, pursuant to the provisions of Order of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
Article 20Prohibition on the Conclusion of Contracts
If a licensed installment seller comes to fall under the provisions of Article 15, paragraph (1), item (iii), the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry must order that licensed installment seller not to conclude a contract for prepaid installment sales; provided, however, that this does not apply if the protection of purchasers would be compromised by that order.
経済産業大臣は、許可割賦販売業者が第十五条第一項第三号の規定に該当することとなつたときは、当該許可割賦販売業者に対し、前払式割賦販売の契約を締結してはならない旨を命じなければならない。ただし、その命令をすることによつて購入者の保護に欠けることとなる場合は、この限りでない。
If the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry issues an order under the provisions of the preceding paragraph and the licensed installment seller comes to no longer fall under the requirements referred to in that order within six months, the minister must rescind that order.
Article 20-2Improvement Orders
If a licensed installment seller's financial condition or the business operations that are connected with prepaid installment sales fall under one of the following items and the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry finds it to be necessary and appropriate to protect the interests of purchasers, the minister, within the scope that it is necessary, may order the licensed installment seller to take the necessary measures to improve its financial condition or to improve business operations that are connected with prepaid installment sales:
the ratio of revenues to expenditures during one business year falls below the ratio specified by Order of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry;
一事業年度の収益の額の費用の額に対する比率が経済産業省令で定める率を下つた場合
the ratio of total current assets to total current liabilities falls below the ratio specified by Order of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; or
流動資産の合計額の流動負債の合計額に対する比率が経済産業省令で定める率を下つた場合
a case beyond what is stated in the preceding two items, which is specified by Order of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry as a case in which it is necessary to remedy its financial condition or to remedy business operations that are connected with prepaid installment sales in order to protect the interests of purchasers.
The amount of revenues and expenditures referred to in item (i) of the preceding paragraph and the total current assets and total current liabilities referred to in item (ii) of that paragraph, are calculated pursuant to the provisions of Order of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
If the business operations that are connected with the prepaid installment sales of a licensed installment seller fall under paragraph (1), item (iii), before the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry seeks to issue an order under the provisions of that paragraph, the minister must consult with the Prime Minister.
If the business operations that are connected with the prepaid installment sales of a licensed installment seller fall under paragraph (1), item (iii), and the Prime Minister finds it to be necessary to protect the interests of purchasers, the minister may state a necessary opinion on an order under the provisions of that paragraph to the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry.
Article 20-3Deposit by an Entrusted Party under a Contract on the Entrustment of Business Deposits
If a licensed installment seller that concludes a contract on the entrustment of business deposits as a preservative measure for advances received, falls under one of Article 27, paragraph (1), items (i) through (iv) inclusive, or if a person with the right referred to in Article 21, paragraph (1) or such a licensed installment seller files a notification indicating that the licensed installment seller falls under Article 27, paragraph (1), item (v) or item (vi), the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry must issue public notice to persons with the right referred to in Article 21, paragraph (1), without delay, indicating that any such person must file a claim with the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry within a fixed period of not less than sixty days, and that failure to file a claim within that period excludes a person from the process by which rights are exercised in connection with the preservative measures for advances received concerning the public notice.
経済産業大臣は、前受金保全措置として供託委託契約を締結している許可割賦販売業者が第二十七条第一項第一号から第四号までの一に該当するとき、又は第二十一条第一項の権利を有する者若しくは当該許可割賦販売業者から当該許可割賦販売業者が第二十七条第一項第五号若しくは第六号に該当する旨の申出があつたときは、遅滞なく、第二十一条第一項の権利を有する者に対し、六十日以上の一定の期間内に経済産業大臣に債権の申出をすべきこと及びその期間内に債権の申出をしないときは当該公示に係る前受金保全措置についての権利の実行の手続から除斥されるべきことを公示しなければならない。
If the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry issues public notice under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the minister, without delay, must instruct the entrusted party under the contract on the entrustment of business deposits with the relevant licensed installment seller to make a business deposit for prepaid services based on that contract on the entrustment of business deposits by the last day of the period during which the filing of claims to which the public notice concerns must be made; provided, however, that this does not apply if the entrusted party has already made the business deposit for prepaid services on receipt of the instructions under the provisions of the following paragraph.
If the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry finds it to be necessary for the preservation of a person's claims arising under a contract for prepaid installment sales that the person has concluded with a licensed installment seller, the minister may instruct the entrusted party under a contract on the entrustment of business deposits with that licensed installment seller to make a business deposit for prepaid services based on the contract on the entrustment of business deposits within a designated time frame, in a case beyond what is prescribed in the main clause of the preceding paragraph.
If the entrusted party under a contract on the entrustment of business deposits is given an instruction under the provisions of the main clause of paragraph (2), it must make the business deposit for prepaid services based on the contract on the entrustment of business deposits by the last day of the period during which the filing of claims to which the public notice under the provisions of paragraph (1) concerns must be made, and if it is given an instruction under the preceding paragraph, it must make that deposit within the time frame designated pursuant to that paragraph.
When the entrusted party under a contract on the entrustment of business deposits makes a business deposit for prepaid services pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, it must submit a copy of the deposit statement showing the receipt of the deposit to the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry.
The provisions of Article 16, paragraph (1) apply mutatis mutandis when a deposit is made pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (4). In this case, the phrase "the principal business office" in paragraph (1) of that Article is deemed to be replaced with "the principal business office of the licensed installment seller".
略称規定第十一条第一項
指定商品を引き渡すに先立つて購入者から二回以上にわたりその代金の全部又は一部を受領する第二条第一項第一号に規定する割賦販売(以下「前払式割賦販売」という。)は、経済産業大臣の許可を受けた者でなければ、業として営んではならない。
わかりやすく言うと
二か月以上・三回以上に分けて代金を受け取る条件で指定商品などを売る割賦販売(第二条第一項第一号)のうち、指定商品を引き渡す前に、購入者から二回以上にわたって代金の全部または一部を受け取るものです。
略称規定第十五条第一項第八号ハ
第十一条の許可を受けた者(以下「許可割賦販売業者」という。)が第二十三条第一項又は第二項の規定により許可を取り消された場合において、その処分のあつた日前三十日以内にその許可割賦販売業者の役員であつた者で…
わかりやすく言うと
前払式割賦販売(指定商品を引き渡す前に、購入者から二回以上に分けて代金の全部または一部を受け取る割賦販売)を業として営むために、経済産業大臣の許可(第十一条)を受けた者のことです。
略称規定第十八条の三第二項
前受金保全措置は、前受業務保証金の供託又は前受業務保証金供託委託契約の締結であつて、その措置により、許可割賦販売業者が、基準日において前払式割賦販売の契約を締結している者から当該基準日までにその契約に係る商品の代金の全部又は一部として受領…
わかりやすく言うと
前払式割賦販売の許可を受けた業者が、基準日(毎年三月三十一日と九月三十日)までに契約者から受け取った前受金の合計額の半分から、その基準日の営業保証金の額を差し引いた額のことです。前受金保全措置は、この額を契約による債務の支払に充てられるものでなければなりません。
略称規定第十八条の三第四項
銀行その他政令で定める金融機関又は経済産業大臣の指定する者でなければ、前項の前受業務保証金供託委託契約(以下単に「供託委託契約」という。)の受託者となることができない。
わかりやすく言うと
前払式割賦販売の前受金を守る措置として許可割賦販売業者が結ぶ前受業務保証金供託委託契約のことです。一定の期間内に業者に一定の事由が生じた場合などに、受託者が業者のために委託額に相当する前受業務保証金を供託すると約束する契約です。
解除
契約や法律の規定により当事者の一方が解除権を持つとき、相手方に対する意思表示によって契約を終わらせることです(民法第五百四十条第一項)。民法は、相手方が債務を履行しないときの解除を定めています。相当の期間を定めて履行を催告してもその期間内に履行がないときは解除でき(残った不履行が軽微なときを除きます。同法第五百四十一条)、履行の全部が不能であるとき、相手方が履行を拒む意思をはっきり示したときなど、履行を受ける見込みがないことが明らかなときは、催告をせずにすぐ解除できます(同法第五百四十二条第一項)。解除すると、各当事者は相手方を元の状態に戻す義務を負い、損害賠償の請求もできます(同法第五百四十五条第一項・第四項)。ただし、賃貸借の解除は将来に向かってのみ効力を生じます(同法第六百二十条)。取り消された行為が初めから無効であったものとみなされる取消し(同法第百二十一条)とは異なります。
民法第121条・第540条・第541条・第542条・第545条・第620条を参考にAIが作成。
内閣総理大臣
内閣の首長です。国会議員の中から国会の議決で指名され、天皇が任命します(第六十七条第一項・第六条第一項)。国務大臣を任意に任命し罷免することができ、その過半数は国会議員でなければなりません(第六十八条)。国務大臣は、その在任中、内閣総理大臣の同意がなければ訴追されません(第七十五条)。
日本国憲法第6条・第67条・第68条・第75条、Wikipedia「内閣総理大臣」を参考にAIが作成。
無効
初めから法律上の効力がないことです。無効な行為は、追認しても効力を生じず、無効であることを知って追認したときは新たな行為をしたものとみなされます(民法第百十九条)。公の秩序又は善良の風俗に反する法律行為は無効です(同法第九十条)。また、一方を守るための法律の中には、その保護を失わせる定めを無効とするものがあります。借地権の存続期間や更新についての借地借家法の定めに反する特約で借地人に不利なもの(借地借家法第九条)、事業者の債務不履行により消費者に生じた損害を賠償する責任の全部を免除する消費者契約の条項(消費者契約法第八条第一項第一号)、労働基準法で定める基準に達しない労働条件を定める労働契約の部分(労働基準法第十三条。無効となった部分は同法の基準によります)がその例です。
民法第90条・第119条、借地借家法第9条、消費者契約法第8条、労働基準法第13条を参考にAIが作成。