Article 29-5Special Provisions on Registration of Business Concerning Qualified Investors
第二十九条の五(適格投資家に関する業務についての登録等の特例)
With regard to the application of the provisions of Article 29-2, paragraph (1), item (v) and Article 29-4, paragraph (1), item (v), (a) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 31, paragraph (5); hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph) to an investment management business that satisfies all of the following requirements (hereinafter referred to as "investment management business for qualified investors" in this Article) in cases where a person that seeks to obtain registration under Article 29 or registration of change under Article 31, paragraph (4) seeks to engage in an investment management business for qualified investors, the term "what category of businesses the person seeks to conduct" in Article 29-2, paragraph (1), item (v) is deemed to be replaced with "what category of businesses the person seeks to conduct (in the case of an investment management business for qualified investors prescribed in Article 29-5, paragraph (1), including a statement to that effect)"; and the terms "a board of directors, company auditors", and "a company with a board of directors" in Article 29-4, paragraph (1), item (v), (a) is deemed to be replaced with "company auditors", and "a company with company auditors, a company with supervisory committee, or a company with nominating committee, etc." respectively:
第二十九条の登録又は第三十一条第四項の変更登録を受けようとする者が投資運用業のうち次に掲げる全ての要件を満たすもの(以下この条において「適格投資家向け投資運用業」という。)を行おうとする場合における適格投資家向け投資運用業についての第二十九条の二第一項第五号及び第二十九条の四第一項第五号イ(第三十一条第五項において準用する場合を含む。以下この項において同じ。)の規定の適用については、第二十九条の二第一項第五号中「投資運用業の種別」とあるのは「投資運用業の種別(第二十九条の五第一項に規定する適格投資家向け投資運用業にあつては、これに該当する旨を含む。)」と、第二十九条の四第一項第五号イ中「取締役会及び監査役」とあるのは「監査役」と、「取締役会設置会社」とあるのは「監査役設置会社、監査等委員会設置会社若しくは指名委員会等設置会社」とする。
right holders (meaning right holders prescribed in Article 42, paragraph (1), including investors (meaning investors prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (16) of the Act on Investment Trust and Investment Corporations) of registered investment corporations (meaning registered investment corporations prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (13) of that Act) that are counterparties to the contracts referred to in Article 2, paragraph (8), item (xii), (a), or any other person specified by Cabinet Order as being equivalent to them) for all investment properties (meaning investment properties prescribed in Article 35, paragraph (1), item (xv); the same applies in the following item) consist exclusively of qualified investors; and
全ての運用財産(第三十五条第一項第十五号に規定する運用財産をいう。次号において同じ。)に係る権利者(第四十二条第一項に規定する権利者をいい、第二条第八項第十二号イに掲げる契約の相手方である登録投資法人(投資信託及び投資法人に関する法律第二条第十三項に規定する登録投資法人をいう。)の投資主(同法第二条第十六項に規定する投資主をいう。)その他これに準ずる者として政令で定める者を含む。)が適格投資家のみであること。
the total amount of all investment properties does not exceed the amount specified by Cabinet Order in consideration of the actual state of the investment management business, the impact exerted on Japan's capital market and other circumstances.
With regard to the application of the provisions of this Act and other laws and regulations to cases where a financial instruments business operator that obtained registration under Article 29 or registration of change under Article 31, paragraph (4) for engaging in an investment management business for qualified investors has been entrusted with full authority to invest money or other property invested or contributed from a person that holds rights indicated on the following securities under a contract referred to in Article 2, paragraph (8), item (xii), (b), business involving dealings in private placement of the relevant securities made with qualified investors by the relevant financial instruments business operator (limited to those specified by Cabinet Order as being not likely to involve the transfer of the relevant securities from the qualified institutional investor that acquired them to persons other than qualified investors, etc.) is deemed to be type-II financial instruments business:
適格投資家向け投資運用業を行うことにつき第二十九条の登録又は第三十一条第四項の変更登録を受けた金融商品取引業者が第二条第八項第十二号ロに掲げる契約に基づき次に掲げる有価証券に表示される権利を有する者から出資又は拠出を受けた金銭その他の財産の運用を行う権限の全部の委託を受けた者である場合におけるこの法律その他の法令の規定の適用については、当該金融商品取引業者が適格投資家を相手方として行う当該有価証券の私募の取扱い(当該有価証券がその取得者から適格投資家以外の者に譲渡されるおそれが少ないものとして政令で定めるものに限る。)を行う業務は、第二種金融商品取引業とみなす。
securities set forth in Article 2, paragraph (1), item (x);
securities set forth in Article 2, paragraph (1), item (xi);
第二条第一項第十一号に掲げる有価証券
securities set forth in Article 2, paragraph (1), item (xiv) or securities set forth in item (xvii) of that paragraph (limited to those having the nature of the securities set forth in item (xiv) of that paragraph);
第二条第一項第十四号に掲げる有価証券又は同項第十七号に掲げる有価証券(同項第十四号に掲げる有価証券の性質を有するものに限る。)
securities set forth in Article 2, paragraph (1), item (xxi) that indicate the rights specified by Cabinet Order as prescribed to in Article 2, paragraph (8), item (xiv) or (xv); or
第二条第一項第二十一号に掲げる有価証券のうち、同条第八項第十四号又は第十五号に規定する政令で定める権利を表示するもの
rights to be indicated on securities set forth in the preceding items that are deemed to be securities under the provisions of Article 2, paragraph (2).
"qualified investor" referred to in paragraph (1), item (i) and the preceding paragraph means professional investor, or any other person specified by Cabinet Office Order as those equivalent to professional investor in light of the knowledge, experience and state of property or person specified by Cabinet Order as having a close relationship with a financial instruments business operator (including those that seek to obtain registration under Article 29).
With regard to the application of the provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2), the following persons is deemed not to be qualified investors prescribed in the preceding paragraph:
a special purpose company (meaning the special purpose company provided in Article 2, paragraph (3) of the Act on Securitization of Assets), if asset backed securities (meaning the asset backed securities provided in Article 2, paragraph (11) of that Act) issued by it are held by persons other than qualified investors (meaning qualified investors prescribed in the preceding paragraph; the same applies in the following item);
a person that engages, or seeks to engage in a securities investment business based on a contract or any other juristic acts (limited to rights based on the relevant contract or other juristic acts that fall under the rights referred to in Article 2, paragraph (2), item (v) or (vi)) related to the securities investment business to which the counterparty is a person other than a qualified investor by appropriating money or other property invested or contributed from the relevant counterparty (excluding cases in which the investment of property related to the relevant investment business is conducted by a financial instruments business operator, etc. prescribed in Article 34 (limited to those that engage in investment management business) or any other person specified by Cabinet Order); or
a person that is specified by Cabinet Office Order as a person equivalent to the persons listed in the preceding two items.
前二号に掲げる者に準ずる者として内閣府令で定める者
With regard to the application of the provisions of Article 66-2, paragraph (1), item (iv) to cases where a financial instruments business operator that obtained the registration under Article 29 or registration of change under Article 31, paragraph (4) for engaging in an investment management business for qualified investors engages in an investment management business for qualified investors, the phrase "investment management business" in that item is deemed to be replaced with "investment management business (excluding the investment management business for qualified investors defined in Article 29-5, paragraph (1))".
適格投資家向け投資運用業を行うことにつき第二十九条の登録又は第三十一条第四項の変更登録を受けた金融商品取引業者が適格投資家向け投資運用業を行う場合における第六十六条の二第一項第四号の規定の適用については、同号中「規定する投資運用業」とあるのは、「規定する投資運用業(第二十九条の五第一項に規定する適格投資家向け投資運用業を除く。)」とする。
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(Definitions)
beneficiary certificates of an investment trust or foreign investment trust which are prescribed in the Act on Investment Trusts and Investment Corporations (Act No. 198 of 1951);
投資信託及び投資法人に関する法律(昭和二十六年法律第百九十八号)に規定する投資信託又は外国投資信託の受益証券
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investment securities, investment equity subscription right certificates, or investment corporation bond certificates or foreign investment securities prescribed in the Act on Investment Trusts and…
投資信託及び投資法人に関する法律に規定する投資証券、新投資口予約権証券若しくは投資法人債券又は外国投資証券
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beneficiary certificates of beneficiary certificate-issuing trusts prescribed in the Trust Act (Act No. 108 of 2006);
信託法(平成十八年法律第百八号)に規定する受益証券発行信託の受益証券
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instruments or certificates issued by a foreign country or foreign person, and which have the nature of the instruments and certificates set forth in items (i) through (ix) or item (xii) through the…
外国又は外国の者の発行する証券又は証書で第一号から第九号まで又は第十二号から前号までに掲げる証券又は証書の性質を有するもの(次号に掲げるものを除く。)
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instruments or certificates other than those set forth in the preceding items, which are specified by Cabinet Order as those with regard to which, in consideration of transferability and other…
前各号に掲げるもののほか、流通性その他の事情を勘案し、公益又は投資者の保護を確保することが必要と認められるものとして政令で定める証券又は証書
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The rights that must be indicated on securities set forth in items (i) through (xv) of the preceding paragraph, on securities set forth in item (xvii) of that paragraph…
前項第一号から第十五号までに掲げる有価証券、同項第十七号に掲げる有価証券(同項第十六号に掲げる有価証券の性質を有するものを除く。)及び同項第十八号に掲げる有価証券に表示されるべき権利(同項第十四号に掲げる有価証券及び同項第十七号に掲げる有価証券(同項第十四号に掲げる有価証券の性質を有するものに限る。)に表示されるべき…
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among the rights based on a partnership contract provided for in Article 667, paragraph (1) of the Civil Code (Act No. 89 of 1896), a silent partnership agreement provided for in Article 535 of the…
民法(明治二十九年法律第八十九号)第六百六十七条第一項に規定する組合契約、商法(明治三十二年法律第四十八号)第五百三十五条に規定する匿名組合契約、投資事業有限責任組合契約に関する法律(平成十年法律第九十号)第三条第一項に規定する投資事業有限責任組合契約又は有限責任事業組合契約に関する法律(平成十七年法律第四十号)第三…
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rights based on foreign laws and regulations which are similar to those specified in the preceding item; or
外国の法令に基づく権利であつて、前号に掲げる権利に類するもの
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conclusion of the following contracts, and the management of money or any other property (including instructions for that management; the same applies hereinafter), based on such contract…
次に掲げる契約を締結し、当該契約に基づき、金融商品の価値等の分析に基づく投資判断に基づいて有価証券又はデリバティブ取引に係る権利に対する投資として、金銭その他の財産の運用(その指図を含む。以下同じ。)を行うこと。
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the management (excluding management that falls under the category of act set forth in item (xii)) of money or other property contributed by a person that holds rights indicated on the securities…
金融商品の価値等の分析に基づく投資判断に基づいて有価証券又はデリバティブ取引に係る権利に対する投資として、第一項第十号に掲げる有価証券に表示される権利その他の政令で定める権利を有する者から拠出を受けた金銭その他の財産の運用を行うこと(第十二号に掲げる行為に該当するものを除く。)。
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the management (excluding management that falls under the category of act set forth in item (xii) or the preceding item) of money or other property invested or contributed by a person that holds the…
金融商品の価値等の分析に基づく投資判断に基づいて主として有価証券又はデリバティブ取引に係る権利に対する投資として、次に掲げる権利その他政令で定める権利を有する者から出資又は拠出を受けた金銭その他の財産の運用を行うこと(第十二号及び前号に掲げる行為に該当するものを除く。)。
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A person may not engage in financial instruments business if that person has not been registered by the Prime Minister.
金融商品取引業は、内閣総理大臣の登録を受けた者でなければ、行うことができない。
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the business category (meaning which of the acts set forth in Article 28, paragraph (1), item (i), item (i)-2, item (ii), item (iii), (a) through (c), or item (iv), or which, among securities, etc.…
業務の種別(第二十八条第一項第一号、第一号の二、第二号、第三号イからハまで及び第四号に掲げる行為に係る業務並びに有価証券等管理業務、第二種金融商品取引業、投資助言・代理業並びに投資運用業の種別をいう。)
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a person falling under any of the following and seeking to engage in type-I financial instruments business or investment management business:
第一種金融商品取引業又は投資運用業を行おうとする場合にあつては、次のいずれかに該当する者
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With regard to the application of the provisions of Article 29-2, paragraph (1), item (v) and Article 29-4, paragraph (1), item (v), (a)…
第二十九条の登録又は第三十一条第四項の変更登録を受けようとする者が投資運用業のうち次に掲げる全ての要件を満たすもの(以下この条において「適格投資家向け投資運用業」という。)を行おうとする場合における適格投資家向け投資運用業についての第二十九条の二第一項第五号及び第二十九条の四第一項第五号イ(第三十一条第五項において準…
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With regard to the application of the provisions of Article 29-2, paragraph (1), item (v) and Article 29-4, paragraph (1), item (v), (a)…
第二十九条の登録又は第三十一条第四項の変更登録を受けようとする者が投資運用業のうち次に掲げる全ての要件を満たすもの(以下この条において「適格投資家向け投資運用業」という。)を行おうとする場合における適格投資家向け投資運用業についての第二十九条の二第一項第五号及び第二十九条の四第一項第五号イ(第三十一条第五項において準…
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right holders (meaning right holders prescribed in Article 42, paragraph (1), including investors (meaning investors prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (16) of the Act on Investment Trust and…
全ての運用財産(第三十五条第一項第十五号に規定する運用財産をいう。次号において同じ。)に係る権利者(第四十二条第一項に規定する権利者をいい、第二条第八項第十二号イに掲げる契約の相手方である登録投資法人(投資信託及び投資法人に関する法律第二条第十三項に規定する登録投資法人をいう。)の投資主(同法第二条第十六項に規定する…
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the total amount of all investment properties does not exceed the amount specified by Cabinet Order in consideration of the actual state of the investment management business…
全ての運用財産の総額が投資運用業の実態及び我が国の資本市場に与える影響その他の事情を勘案して政令で定める金額を超えないものであること。
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With regard to the application of the provisions of this Act and other laws and regulations to cases where a financial instruments business operator that obtained registration under Article 29 or…
適格投資家向け投資運用業を行うことにつき第二十九条の登録又は第三十一条第四項の変更登録を受けた金融商品取引業者が第二条第八項第十二号ロに掲げる契約に基づき次に掲げる有価証券に表示される権利を有する者から出資又は拠出を受けた金銭その他の財産の運用を行う権限の全部の委託を受けた者である場合におけるこの法律その他の法令の規…
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securities set forth in Article 2, paragraph (1), item (x);
第二条第一項第十号に掲げる有価証券
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securities set forth in Article 2, paragraph (1), item (xi);
第二条第一項第十一号に掲げる有価証券
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securities set forth in Article 2, paragraph (1), item (xiv) or securities set forth in item (xvii) of that paragraph…
第二条第一項第十四号に掲げる有価証券又は同項第十七号に掲げる有価証券(同項第十四号に掲げる有価証券の性質を有するものに限る。)
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securities set forth in Article 2, paragraph (1), item (xxi) that indicate the rights specified by Cabinet Order as prescribed to in Article 2, paragraph (8), item (xiv) or (xv); or
第二条第一項第二十一号に掲げる有価証券のうち、同条第八項第十四号又は第十五号に規定する政令で定める権利を表示するもの
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"qualified investor" referred to in paragraph (1), item (i) and the preceding paragraph means professional investor, or any other person specified by Cabinet Office Order as those equivalent to…
第一項第一号及び前項の「適格投資家」とは、特定投資家その他その知識、経験及び財産の状況に照らして特定投資家に準ずる者として内閣府令で定める者又は金融商品取引業者(第二十九条の登録を受けようとする者を含む。)と密接な関係を有する者として政令で定める者をいう。
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a special purpose company (meaning the special purpose company provided in Article 2, paragraph (3) of the Act on Securitization of Assets), if asset backed securities…
その発行する資産対応証券(資産の流動化に関する法律第二条第十一項に規定する資産対応証券をいう。)を適格投資家(前項に規定する適格投資家をいう。次号において同じ。)以外の者が取得している特定目的会社(同条第三項に規定する特定目的会社をいう。)
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a person that engages, or seeks to engage in a securities investment business based on a contract or any other juristic acts…
有価証券に対する投資事業に係る契約その他の法律行為(当該契約その他の法律行為に基づく権利が第二条第二項第五号又は第六号に掲げる権利に該当するものに限る。)で適格投資家以外の者を相手方とするものに基づき当該相手方から出資又は拠出を受けた金銭その他の財産を充てて当該投資事業を行い…
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If a financial instruments business operator seeks to change the particular set forth in Article 29-2, paragraph (1), items (v) through (vi), item (vii), (b), item (viii), or item (ix)…
金融商品取引業者は、第二十九条の二第一項第五号から第六号まで、第七号ロ、第八号又は第九号に掲げる事項について変更をしようとするときは、内閣府令で定めるところにより、内閣総理大臣の行う変更登録を受けなければならない。
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The provisions of Article 29-3 and Article 29-4 apply mutatis mutandis to the registration of a change referred to in the preceding paragraph.
第二十九条の三及び第二十九条の四の規定は、前項の変更登録について準用する。この場合において、第二十九条の三第一項中「次に掲げる事項」とあるのは「変更に係る事項」と、第二十九条の四第一項中「次の各号」とあるのは「次の各号(第一号イからニまで、第二号及び第三号ロを除く。)」と読み替えるものとするほか、必要な技術的読替えは…
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If a financial instruments business operator, etc. (meaning a financial instruments business operator or registered financial institution; the same applies hereinafter) receives an offer from a…
金融商品取引業者等(金融商品取引業者又は登録金融機関をいう。以下同じ。)は、顧客を相手方とし、又は顧客のために金融商品取引行為(第二条第八項各号に掲げる行為をいう。以下同じ。)を行うことを内容とする契約(以下「金融商品取引契約」という。)の申込みを特定投資家(同条第三十一項第四号に掲げる者に限る。)から受けた場合であ…
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investing investment property (meaning money and other property invested by a financial instruments business operator, etc. that is engaged in investment management business on behalf of a rights…
次に掲げる資産に対する投資として、運用財産(投資運用業を行う金融商品取引業者等が第四十二条第一項に規定する権利者のため運用を行う金銭その他の財産をいう。以下同じ。)の運用を行うこと。
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A financial instruments business operator, etc. must work faithfully on behalf of right holders (meaning persons prescribed in the following items in accordance with the category of business set…
金融商品取引業者等は、権利者(次の各号に掲げる業務の区分に応じ当該各号に定める者をいう。以下この款において同じ。)のため忠実に投資運用業を行わなければならない。
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the trade name or name of the financial instruments business operator (limited to one engaged in type-I financial instruments business or investment management business (meaning investment management…
委託を受ける金融商品取引業者(第一種金融商品取引業又は投資運用業(第二十八条第四項に規定する投資運用業をいう。第六十六条の十四第一号ニにおいて同じ。)を行う者に限る。)又は登録金融機関(以下この章及び第四章において「所属金融商品取引業者等」という。)の商号又は名称
Open this provisionsecurities
「有価証券」
Securities as this Act defines them: the instruments listed in Article 2, paragraph (1), among them national government and local government bonds, corporate bonds, share certificates and share option certificates, preferred equity investment certificates, beneficiary certificates of investment trusts and other trusts, investment securities, certain promissory notes, mortgage securities, option certificates and depositary receipts, foreign instruments of the same nature, and other instruments a Cabinet Order (政令) specifies.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (1)· applies throughout the law
private placement of securities
「有価証券の私募」
A private placement of securities: a solicitation of applications to acquire newly issued securities (取得勧誘) that is not a public offering of securities (有価証券の募集).
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (3)
financial instruments business operator
「金融商品取引業者」
A person registered by the Prime Minister under Article 29 to carry on financial instruments business (金融商品取引業).
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (9)· applies throughout the law
professional investor
「特定投資家」
A professional investor: a qualified institutional investor (適格機関投資家), the State, the Bank of Japan, or an investor protection fund (投資者保護基金) or other corporation a Cabinet Office Order (内閣府令) specifies.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (31)· applies throughout the law
type-II financial instruments business
「第二種金融商品取引業」
In Chapter III, the part of financial instruments business (金融商品取引業) that consists of carrying on, as a business, any of the acts listed in Article 28, paragraph (2), such as the public offering or private placement of the securities set out in Article 2, paragraph (8), item (vii), and dealing in and brokerage for rights treated as securities under Article 2, paragraph (2).
Defined inArticle 28, paragraph (2)· applies only in this chapter
investment management business
「投資運用業」
Investment management business as defined in Article 28, paragraph (4): the part of financial instruments business (金融商品取引業) that consists in carrying on as a business the acts in Article 2, paragraph (8), items (xii), (xiv) and (xv) — managing money or other property, on investment decisions (投資判断) based on an analysis of the value, etc. of financial instruments, as an investment in securities or in rights under derivatives transactions, whether under a discretionary investment contract (投資一任契約) or an asset management contract with a registered investment corporation (登録投資法人), or for the holders of the rights items (xiv) and (xv) list who contributed it — including where a bank, a cooperative financial institution or another financial institution a Cabinet Order (政令) specifies carries them on.
Defined inArticle 28, paragraph (4)· applies only in this chapter
investment management business for qualified investorsmachine translation
「適格投資家向け投資運用業」
In Article 29-5, investment management business (投資運用業) in which every rights holder of the investment property (運用財産) is a qualified investor (適格投資家) and the total investment property does not exceed an amount a Cabinet Order (政令) sets; that Article adjusts the registration requirements for it.
Short name set inArticle 29-5, paragraph (1)· applies only in this article
investment propertymachine translation
「運用財産」
Money and other property that a financial instruments business operator, etc. (金融商品取引業者等) carrying on investment management business (投資運用業) manages on behalf of rights holders (権利者) under Article 42, paragraph (1).
Defined inArticle 29-5, paragraph (1), item (i)· applies only in this provision and in Article 29-5, paragraph (1), item (ii)
qualified investor
「適格投資家」
In Article 29-5, a professional investor (特定投資家), a person a Cabinet Office Order (内閣府令) specifies as comparable to one in knowledge, experience and assets, or a person a Cabinet Order (政令) specifies as closely related to a financial instruments business operator (including a person seeking registration under Article 29).
Defined inArticle 29-5, paragraph (3)
qualified investor
「適格投資家」
In Article 29-5, a professional investor (特定投資家), a person a Cabinet Office Order (内閣府令) specifies as comparable to one in knowledge, experience and assets, or a person a Cabinet Order (政令) specifies as closely related to a financial instruments business operator (including a person seeking registration under Article 29).
Defined inArticle 29-5, paragraph (4), item (i)· applies only in this provision and in Article 29-5, paragraph (4), item (ii)
financial instruments business operator, etc.machine translation
「金融商品取引業者等」
A financial instruments business operator (金融商品取引業者) or a registered financial institution (登録金融機関).
Defined inArticle 34, paragraph (1)
right holdermachine translation
「権利者」
In the subsection on investment management business that begins with Article 42, the persons for whom that business is carried on: the counterparty to a contract for managing a registered investment corporation's assets or to a discretionary investment contract (投資一任契約); holders of investment trust beneficiary certificates or other rights a Cabinet Order (政令) specifies, whose contributed money is being invested; and holders of trust beneficial interests, partnership-type rights or other rights a Cabinet Order specifies, whose contributed money is being invested mainly in securities or derivatives.
Defined inArticle 42, paragraph (1)· applies only in this subsection
board of directors
取締役会
The body made up of all of a stock company's directors (Companies Act, Article 362, paragraph (1)). It decides how the company's business is carried out, supervises the directors, and appoints and removes the representative directors (代表取締役) (Article 362, paragraphs (2) and (3)) — except in a company with a nominating committee and the other committees (指名委員会等設置会社), where it appoints representative executive officers (代表執行役) instead (Articles 416 and 420). Some decisions, such as disposing of important assets or borrowing a large amount, it normally may not hand to the directors (Article 362, paragraph (4)). A company with an audit and supervisory committee (監査等委員会設置会社) can hand more of them to directors (Article 399-13, paragraphs (5) and (6)), and a company with the committees hands them to executive officers (執行役) rather than directors (Article 416, paragraphs (3) and (4)). A company chooses in its articles of incorporation whether to have one (Article 326, paragraph (2)), but a public company (公開会社), among others, must (Article 327, paragraph (1)): a public company is one whose articles of incorporation let at least some of its shares change hands without the company's approval (Article 2, item (v)). A company with a board must have at least three directors (Article 331, paragraph (5)).
Written by AI using Companies Act, Arts. 2, 326, 327, 331, 362, 399-13, 416, 420 as a reference.
company auditor
監査役
An officer of a stock company, elected by the shareholders meeting (Companies Act, Article 329, paragraph (1)), whose job is to audit how the directors carry out their duties and to write an audit report on it (Article 381, paragraph (1)). Not an outside accountant — that is the financial auditor (会計監査人) — and not a director: a company auditor may not also be a director or employee of the company or its subsidiaries (Article 335, paragraph (2)). The term normally runs to the annual shareholders meeting for the last business year ending within four years of election (Article 336, paragraph (1)).
Written by AI using Companies Act, Arts. 329, 335, 336, 381 as a reference.
juridical act
法律行為
An act by which a person, by manifesting their intention (意思表示), brings about the legal effect they intend, such as making a contract or buying everyday goods (Civil Code, Articles 3-2, 9, paragraph (1), and 91; Act on General Rules for Application of Laws, Article 10, paragraphs (1) and (4)). A contract is formed when one party's offer, a manifestation of intention showing its terms, is accepted by the other (Civil Code, Article 522, paragraph (1)). Where the parties to a juridical act manifest an intention that differs from a provision of laws and regulations not related to public policy, their intention prevails (Article 91). It is void if a party lacked mental capacity (意思能力) when manifesting the intention (Article 3-2), or if it goes against public order or good morals (公の秩序又は善良の風俗) (Article 90). A minor (under 18, Article 4) needs the consent of their legal representative to do one, except one by which they merely acquire a right or are released from an obligation, or a disposal of property the representative has allowed them to dispose of, and one done without that consent may be rescinded (取消し) (Article 5); a rescinded act is treated as void from the start (Article 121), and a void act does not take effect even if the parties later confirm it, though confirming it knowing it is void counts as doing a new act (Article 119). One made subject to a condition precedent (停止条件) takes effect when the condition is fulfilled, and one subject to a condition subsequent (解除条件) loses effect then (Article 127, paragraphs (1) and (2)). Under the Act on General Rules for Application of Laws, the formation and effect of a juridical act are governed by the law of the place its parties chose when they did it (Article 7), or, where they chose none, by the law of the place most closely connected with it at that time (Article 8, paragraph (1)); but a consumer can ask for the protective rules of the law where they habitually live, which governs a consumer contract where no law was chosen, and a worker can ask for those of the place most closely connected with the labor contract, usually where the work is done (Articles 11 and 12) — except in the cases Article 11, paragraph (6) lists, such as a consumer who went to a place under the same law as the business's office and made the contract there, unless the business had invited them, where they habitually live, to make it there.
Written by AI using Civil Code, Arts. 3-2, 4, 5, 9, 90, 91, 119, 121, 127, 522 and Act on General Rules for Application of Laws, Arts. 7, 8, 10, 11, 12 as a reference.