Article 531Supervisors' Duty of Care
第五百三十一条(監督委員の注意義務)
Supervisors must perform their duties with due care of a prudent manager.
監督委員は、善良な管理者の注意をもって、その職務を行わなければならない。
If supervisors fail to exercise the due care under the preceding paragraph, those supervisors are jointly and severally liable to compensate losses arising in interested parties.
監督委員が前項の注意を怠ったときは、その監督委員は、利害関係人に対し、連帯して損害を賠償する責任を負う。
Article 532Remunerations of Supervisors
第五百三十二条(監督委員の報酬等)
Supervisors may receive advance payment of the expense, and remunerations determined by the court.
監督委員は、費用の前払及び裁判所が定める報酬を受けることができる。
Supervisors must obtain the permission of the court if, after their appointment, they transfer, or transferred claims owed by the liquidating stock company or shares in the liquidating stock company.
監督委員は、その選任後、清算株式会社に対する債権又は清算株式会社の株式を譲り受け、又は譲り渡すには、裁判所の許可を得なければならない。
Supervisors cannot receive payment of expense or remuneration if they engage in the acts provided for in the preceding paragraph without the permission under the preceding paragraph.
Subsection 5 Investigators
第五款 調査委員
Article 533Appointment of Investigators
第五百三十三条(調査委員の選任等)
If the court issues an investigation order, it must appoint one or more investigating members in investigation order, and prescribe the matters that the investigators ought to investigate and the period in which the investigators are to report the outcome of the investigation to the court.
裁判所は、調査命令をする場合には、当該調査命令において、一人又は二人以上の調査委員を選任し、調査委員が調査すべき事項及び裁判所に対して調査の結果の報告をすべき期間を定めなければならない。
Article 534Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on Supervisors
第五百三十四条(監督委員に関する規定の準用)
The provisions of the preceding Subsection (excluding Article 527, paragraph (1) and proviso to Article 529) apply mutatis mutandis to supervisors.
前款(第五百二十七条第一項及び第五百二十九条ただし書を除く。)の規定は、調査委員について準用する。
Subsection 6 Restrictions on Acts of Liquidating Stock Companies
第六款 清算株式会社の行為の制限等
Article 535Restrictions on Acts of Liquidating Stock Companies
第五百三十五条(清算株式会社の行為の制限)
If an order is issued for the commencement of special liquidation, a liquidating stock company must obtain the permission of the court in order to carry out the acts set forth below; provided, however, that, if supervisors are appointed under the provisions of Article 527, paragraph (1), consent of the supervisors must be obtained in lieu of that permission:
特別清算開始の命令があった場合には、清算株式会社が次に掲げる行為をするには、裁判所の許可を得なければならない。ただし、第五百二十七条第一項の規定により監督委員が選任されているときは、これに代わる監督委員の同意を得なければならない。
the disposal of an asset (excluding the act set forth in each item of paragraph (1) of the following Article);
財産の処分(次条第一項各号に掲げる行為を除く。)
borrowing money;
借財
the filing of an action;
訴えの提起
a settlement or the entering in an arbitration agreement (referring to the arbitration agreement provided for in Article 2, paragraph (1) of the Arbitration Act (Act No. 138 of 2003));
和解又は仲裁合意(仲裁法(平成十五年法律第百三十八号)第二条第一項に規定する仲裁合意をいう。)
a waiver of rights; or
権利の放棄
other acts designated by the court.
その他裁判所の指定する行為
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the permission under that paragraph is not required with respect to the act set forth in items (i) through (v) of that paragraph in the cases set forth below:
前項の規定にかかわらず、同項第一号から第五号までに掲げる行為については、次に掲げる場合には、同項の許可を要しない。
if the act is related to an act that involves the amount equivalent to or less than the amount provided for in the Supreme Court Rules; or
最高裁判所規則で定める額以下の価額を有するものに関するとき。
beyond what is set forth in the preceding item, if the act relates to an act for which the court has held that the permission under the preceding paragraph is not required.
Any act committed without the permission under paragraph (1) or consent of supervisors in lieu thereof is ineffective; provided, however, that the above provision may not be asserted against a third party in good faith.
第一項の許可又はこれに代わる監督委員の同意を得ないでした行為は、無効とする。ただし、これをもって善意の第三者に対抗することができない。
Article 536Restrictions on the Transfer of Business
第五百三十六条(事業の譲渡の制限等)
If an order for commencement of special liquidation is issued, if a liquidating stock company intends to carry out any act set forth below, it must obtain the permission of the court:
特別清算開始の命令があった場合には、清算株式会社が次に掲げる行為をするには、裁判所の許可を得なければならない。
transfer of the entire business; or
事業の全部の譲渡
transfer of significant part of the business (excluding the transfer in which the book value of the assets to be transferred by relevant transfer does not exceed one fifth (or, if any lower proportion is provided for in the articles of incorporation, the proportion) of the amount calculated by the method prescribed by Ministry of Justice Order as the total amount of the assets of relevant stock company);
事業の重要な一部の譲渡(当該譲渡により譲り渡す資産の帳簿価額が当該清算株式会社の総資産額として法務省令で定める方法により算定される額の五分の一(これを下回る割合を定款で定めた場合にあっては、その割合)を超えないものを除く。)
transfer of all or part of shares or equity interests of the subsidiary company (limited to transfer in cases falling under all of the following):
その子会社の株式又は持分の全部又は一部の譲渡(次のいずれにも該当する場合における譲渡に限る。)
if the book value of shares or equity interests to be transferred by the transfer exceeds one-fifth (if any proportion less than that is provided for in the articles of incorporation, the proportion) of the amount calculated by the method prescribed by Ministry of Justice Order as the total assets of the liquidating stock company; and
当該譲渡により譲り渡す株式又は持分の帳簿価額が当該清算株式会社の総資産額として法務省令で定める方法により算定される額の五分の一(これを下回る割合を定款で定めた場合にあっては、その割合)を超えるとき。
if the liquidating stock company does not have a majority of the total votes of the subsidiary company on the effective day.
The provisions of paragraph (3) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to the acts committed without the permission under the preceding paragraph.
The provisions of Chapter VII (excluding Article 467, paragraph (1), item (v)) do not apply to the cases of special liquidation.
第七章(第四百六十七条第一項第五号を除く。)の規定は、特別清算の場合には、適用しない。
Article 537Restrictions on Performance of Obligations
第五百三十七条(債務の弁済の制限)
If an order is issued for commencement of special liquidation, a liquidating stock company must perform obligations to agreement claim creditors in proportion to the amount of their claims.
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, a liquidating stock company may, with the permission of the court, perform its obligations relating to minor claims, claims secured by security interests, or other claims that are unlikely to be detrimental to other creditors even if performed in excess of the proportion of the amount of the claims.
Article 538Method of Conversion into Cash
第五百三十八条(換価の方法)
A liquidating stock company may convert its assets into cash pursuant to the provisions of the Civil Execution Act and other laws and regulations on judicial enforcement procedures. In these cases, the provisions of Article 535, paragraph (1), item (i) do not apply.
清算株式会社は、民事執行法その他強制執行の手続に関する法令の規定により、その財産の換価をすることができる。この場合においては、第五百三十五条第一項第一号の規定は、適用しない。
A liquidating stock company may convert the assets that underlie the security interest provided for in Article 522, paragraph (2) (hereinafter in this Article and in the following Article simply referred to as "security interest") into cash pursuant to the provisions of the Civil Execution Act and other laws and regulations on judicial enforcement procedures. In these cases, a person who holds relevant security interest (hereinafter in this Article and in the following Article simply referred to as "security interest holder") may not refuse the conversion into cash.
清算株式会社は、民事執行法その他強制執行の手続に関する法令の規定により、第五百二十二条第二項に規定する担保権(以下この条及び次条において単に「担保権」という。)の目的である財産の換価をすることができる。この場合においては、当該担保権を有する者(以下この条及び次条において「担保権者」という。)は、その換価を拒むことができない。
In the cases of the preceding two paragraphs, the provisions of Article 63 and Article 129 of the Civil Execution Act (including the cases where those provisions are applied mutatis mutandis under that act and other laws and regulations on judicial enforcement procedures) do not apply.
前二項の場合には、民事執行法第六十三条及び第百二十九条(これらの規定を同法その他強制執行の手続に関する法令において準用する場合を含む。)の規定は、適用しない。
If, in the case of paragraph (2), the amount that the security interest holder is to receive is not fixed yet, the liquidating stock company must deposit the proceeds separately. In these cases, the security interest exists with respect to the proceeds so deposited.
Article 539Designating Periods for Disposition by Security Interest Holders
第五百三十九条(担保権者が処分をすべき期間の指定)
If security interest holders have the right to dispose of the assets that underlie the security interest without relying on the method prescribed by the Act, the court may, in response to the petition by the liquidating stock company, specify the period during which the security interest holders ought to effect the disposition.
Security interest holders will lose their right under the preceding paragraph if they do not effect disposition during the period under the preceding paragraph.
Subsection 7 Dispositions Necessary to Supervise Liquidation
第七款 清算の監督上必要な処分等
Article 540Provisional Order Regarding Assets of Liquidating Stock Company
第五百四十条(清算株式会社の財産に関する保全処分)
If an order is issued for commencement of special liquidation, if the court finds it necessary to supervise the liquidation, the court may, in response to a petition by the creditors, liquidators, company auditors or shareholders or ex officio, order a provisional disposition prohibiting the disposal of the property of the liquidating stock company, or issue any other necessary provisional orders.
裁判所は、特別清算開始の命令があった場合において、清算の監督上必要があると認めるときは、債権者、清算人、監査役若しくは株主の申立てにより又は職権で、清算株式会社の財産に関し、その財産の処分禁止の仮処分その他の必要な保全処分を命ずることができる。
Even during the period from the time when a petition for commencement of special liquidation is filed to the time when a ruling is handed down on relevant petition, if the court finds it necessary, the court may, at the petition of the creditors, liquidators, company auditors or shareholders or ex officio, issue a provisional orders under the provisions of the preceding paragraph. The same applies if an immediate appeal in Article 890, paragraph (5) is filed against the ruling to dismiss the petition for the commencement of special liquidation.
If the court issues a provisional order under the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs that prohibits the liquidating stock company from paying its creditors or taking any other action to extinguish its obligations to them, the creditors may not, in relation to the special liquidation, assert the validity of any payment or other action extinguishing those obligations which is in contravention of that provisional order; provided, however, that this is limited to if the creditor knows that the provisional order has been issued at the time of that action.
Article 541No Entry in Shareholder Register
第五百四十一条(株主名簿の記載等の禁止)
If an order is issued for commencement of special liquidation, if the court finds that it is necessary to supervise the liquidation, the court, at the petition of the creditors, liquidators, company auditors or shareholders or ex officio, may prohibit a liquidating stock company from entering or recording in the shareholder register any information that is required to be entered in the shareholder register.
Even during the period from the time when a petition for commencement of special liquidation is filed to the time when a ruling is handed down on relevant petition, if the court finds it necessary, the court may, in response to the petitions by the creditors, liquidators, company auditors or shareholders or ex officio, effect the disposition under the provisions of the preceding paragraph. The same applies if immediate appeal under Article 890, paragraph (5) is filed against the ruling to dismiss the petition for the commencement of special liquidation.
Article 542Provisional Order on Property of Officers
第五百四十二条(役員等の財産に対する保全処分)
If an order for commencement of special liquidation is issued, if the court finds it necessary to supervise the liquidation, the court may, with respect to rights to seek damages pursuant to the liability of the incorporators, directors at incorporation, company auditors at incorporation, officers, etc. provided for in Article 423, paragraph (1) or liquidators (hereinafter in this subsection referred to as "subject officers"), in response to the petition by the liquidating stock company or ex officio, effect provisional orders against the assets of relevant subject officers.
裁判所は、特別清算開始の命令があった場合において、清算の監督上必要があると認めるときは、清算株式会社の申立てにより又は職権で、発起人、設立時取締役、設立時監査役、第四百二十三条第一項に規定する役員等又は清算人(以下この款において「対象役員等」という。)の責任に基づく損害賠償請求権につき、当該対象役員等の財産に対する保全処分をすることができる。
Even during the period from the time when a petition for commencement of special liquidation is filed to the time when a ruling is made with respect to relevant petition, if the court finds it urgently necessary, the court may, at the petition of the liquidating stock company or ex officio, issue a provisional order under the provisions of the preceding paragraph. The same applies if immediate appeal in Article 890, paragraph (5) is filed against the ruling to dismiss a petition for the commencement of special liquidation.
Article 543Prohibition of Exemptions from Liability of Officers
第五百四十三条(役員等の責任の免除の禁止)
If an order is issued for commencement of special liquidation, if the court finds it necessary to supervise the liquidation, the court may, in response to the petitions by the creditors, liquidators, company auditors or shareholders or ex officio, effect the disposition that prohibits the exemption of liability of the subject officers.
裁判所は、特別清算開始の命令があった場合において、清算の監督上必要があると認めるときは、債権者、清算人、監査役若しくは株主の申立てにより又は職権で、対象役員等の責任の免除の禁止の処分をすることができる。
Article 544Rescission of Exemption from Liability of Officers
第五百四十四条(役員等の責任の免除の取消し)
If an order is issued for commencement of special liquidation, a liquidating stock company may rescind the exemption of liability of subject officers effected within one year prior to or after the time when the petition for commencement of special liquidation was filed. The same applies with respect to the exemption from the liability of subject officers that effected for improper purpose.
The rights of rescission under the provisions of the preceding paragraph are exercised by filing an action or defense.
前項の規定による取消権は、訴え又は抗弁によって、行使する。
The rights of rescission under the provisions of paragraph (1) cannot be exercised when two years have lapsed from the day when the order was issued for the commencement of special liquidation. The same applies if twenty years have elapsed from the day when subject officers were exempted from liability.