Chapter I Dissolution Order for a Company
第一章 会社の解散命令等
Section 1 Dissolution Order for a Company
第一節 会社の解散命令
Article 824Dissolution Order for a Company
第八百二十四条（会社の解散命令）
In the cases set forth below, if the court finds that the existence of a company is unallowable for securing public interests, it may, in response to a petition by the Minister of Justice, shareholders, members, creditors or any other interested parties, order the dissolution of the company:
裁判所は、次に掲げる場合において、公益を確保するため会社の存立を許すことができないと認めるときは、法務大臣又は株主、社員、債権者その他の利害関係人の申立てにより、会社の解散を命ずることができる。
when the company fails to commence its business within one year from the day of its formation or suspends its business continuously for one year or more, without justifiable grounds; or
会社が正当な理由がないのにその成立の日から一年以内にその事業を開始せず、又は引き続き一年以上その事業を休止したとき。
if an executive director, an executive officer or a member who executes the business has committed an act that goes beyond or abuses the authority of the company prescribed by laws and regulations or the articles of incorporation or that violates criminal laws and regulations, if that person commits relevant act continuously or repeatedly despite receiving a written warning from the Minister of Justice.
When a shareholder, a member, a creditor or any other interested party files the petition set forth in the preceding paragraph, the court may, in response to a petition by the company, order the person who filed the petition set forth in that paragraph to provide reasonable security.
When a company intends to file the petition under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, it must make a prima facie showing that the petition set forth in paragraph (1) has been filed in bad faith.
The provisions of Article 75, paragraphs (5) and (7) and Articles 76 through 80 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Act No. 109 of 1996) apply mutatis mutandis to the security to be provided with respect to the petition set forth in paragraph (1) pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (2).
民事訴訟法（平成八年法律第百九号）第七十五条第五項及び第七項並びに第七十六条から第八十条までの規定は、第二項の規定により第一項の申立てについて立てるべき担保について準用する。
Article 825Provisional Order Concerning Property of a Company
第八百二十五条（会社の財産に関する保全処分）
If the petition set forth in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article is filed, the court may, at the petition of the Minister of Justice or shareholders, members, creditors or any other interested parties or ex officio, issue a disposition ordering administration by an administrator (referred to as an "administration order" in the following paragraph) or issue any other necessary provisional order with respect to the property of the company until a ruling is handed down on the petition set forth in that paragraph.
When the court issues an administration order, it must appoint an administrator in relevant administration order.
裁判所は、管理命令をする場合には、当該管理命令において、管理人を選任しなければならない。
The court may, in response to a petition by the Minister of Justice or shareholders, members, creditors or any other interested parties or ex officio, dismiss the administrator set forth in the preceding paragraph.
裁判所は、法務大臣若しくは株主、社員、債権者その他の利害関係人の申立てにより又は職権で、前項の管理人を解任することができる。
When the court appoints the administrator referred to in paragraph (2), it may specify the amount of remuneration to be paid by the company to relevant administrator.
The administrator set forth in paragraph (2) is supervised by the court.
第二項の管理人は、裁判所が監督する。
The court may order the administrator referred to in paragraph (2) to report the status of the property of the company and to account for the administration thereof.
The provisions of Article 644, Article 646, Article 647 and Article 650 of the Civil Code apply mutatis mutandis to the administrator set forth in paragraph (2). In these cases, the term "mandator" in Article 646, Article 647 and Article 650 of that Act is deemed to be replaced with "company".
Article 826Government Agencies' Obligation to Give Notice to the Minister of Justice
第八百二十六条（官庁等の法務大臣に対する通知義務）
If a court or any other government agency, a public prosecutor or an official comes to know in the course of their duties that there are grounds for filing the petition referred to in Article 824, paragraph (1) or giving the warning referred to in item (iii) of that paragraph, the entity or person must give notice to that effect to the Minister of Justice.
裁判所その他の官庁、検察官又は吏員は、その職務上第八百二十四条第一項の申立て又は同項第三号の警告をすべき事由があることを知ったときは、法務大臣にその旨を通知しなければならない。
Section 2 Order of Prohibition of Continuous Transactions or Closure of a Business Office of a Foreign Company
第二節 外国会社の取引継続禁止又は営業所閉鎖の命令
第八百二十七条
In the cases set forth below, the court may, in response to a petition by the Minister of Justice, shareholders, members, creditors or any other interested parties, order the prohibition of a foreign company to carry out transactions continuously in Japan or the closure of its business office established in Japan:
裁判所は、次に掲げる場合には、法務大臣又は株主、社員、債権者その他の利害関係人の申立てにより、外国会社が日本において取引を継続してすることの禁止又はその日本に設けられた営業所の閉鎖を命ずることができる。
when the foreign company conducts business for an illegal purpose;
外国会社の事業が不法な目的に基づいて行われたとき。
when the foreign company fails to commence its business within one year from the day of registration of the foreign company or suspends its business continuously for one year or more, without justifiable grounds;
外国会社が正当な理由がないのに外国会社の登記の日から一年以内にその事業を開始せず、又は引き続き一年以上その事業を休止したとき。
when the foreign company stops payment without justifiable grounds; or
外国会社が正当な理由がないのに支払を停止したとき。
if the foreign company's representative in Japan or any other person who executes its business has committed an act that goes beyond or abuses the authority of the foreign company prescribed by laws and regulations or that violates criminal laws and regulations, and that person continuously or repeatedly commits relevant act despite receiving a written warning from the Minister of Justice.
外国会社の日本における代表者その他その業務を執行する者が、法令で定める外国会社の権限を逸脱し若しくは濫用する行為又は刑罰法令に触れる行為をした場合において、法務大臣から書面による警告を受けたにもかかわらず、なお継続的に又は反覆して当該行為をしたとき。
The provisions of Article 824, paragraphs (2) through (4), and the preceding two Articles apply mutatis mutandis to the cases set forth in the preceding paragraph. In these cases, the term "preceding paragraph" in Article 824, paragraph (2), the term "paragraph (1)" in paragraph (3) and paragraph (4) of that Article, and the term "paragraph (1) of the preceding Article" in Article 825, paragraph (1) is deemed to be replaced with "Article 827, paragraph (1)", the term "Article 824, paragraph (1)" in the preceding Article is deemed to be replaced with "paragraph (1) of the following Article" and the term "item (iii) of that paragraph" in that Article is deemed to be replaced with "item (iv) of that paragraph".
第八百二十四条第二項から第四項まで及び前二条の規定は、前項の場合について準用する。この場合において、第八百二十四条第二項中「前項」とあり、同条第三項及び第四項中「第一項」とあり、並びに第八百二十五条第一項中「前条第一項」とあるのは「第八百二十七条第一項」と、前条中「第八百二十四条第一項」とあるのは「次条第一項」と、「同項第三号」とあるのは「同項第四号」と読み替えるものとする。
company
「会社」
Any of the four kinds of company this Act governs: a stock company (株式会社), a general partnership company (合名会社), a limited partnership company (合資会社) or a limited liability company (合同会社).
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (1), item (i)· applies throughout the law
foreign company
「外国会社」
A corporation or other body formed under a foreign country's law that is of the same kind as, or similar to, a company under this Act.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (1), item (ii)· applies throughout the law
executive director
「業務執行取締役」
A director who runs a stock company's business: the representative director, any director chosen by the board to execute its business under Article 363, paragraph (1), and any other director who has in fact executed its business.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (1), item (xv), (a)
administration order
「管理命令」
A court order placing a company's property under the management of an administrator until the court rules on a petition to dissolve the company, made at the request of the Minister of Justice, a shareholder, a member, a creditor or another interested party, or by the court on its own initiative.
Short name set inArticle 825, paragraph (1)· applies only in this provision and in Article 825, paragraph (2)
articles of incorporation
定款
A company's own basic rules, written by its founders when it is formed: at least its purpose, its trade name, where its head office is, the value of the property contributed at incorporation and who the founders are (Companies Act, Article 27). A stock company's must be certified by a notary before it takes effect (Article 30, paragraph (1)), and can later be changed by a resolution of the shareholders meeting (Article 466). Many rules in the Act apply "unless the articles of incorporation provide otherwise", so a company's articles decide a great deal of how the Act applies to it.
Written by AI using Companies Act, Arts. 26, 27, 30, 466, 575 as a reference.
public prosecutor
検察官
The official who brings a prosecution (公訴) for a crime before a court (Code of Criminal Procedure, Article 247), and who may decide not to prosecute where, in view of the offender's character, age and circumstances, the gravity and circumstances of the offence and what happened after it, prosecution is not needed (Article 248). In criminal cases a public prosecutor asks the court to apply the law correctly and oversees the carrying out of its judgments; and, as the representative of the public interest, a public prosecutor also does the work other laws and regulations assign to a public prosecutor, which is not limited to criminal cases (Public Prosecutors Office Act, Article 4). A public prosecutor may investigate any crime (Article 6, paragraph (1)). Public prosecutors work through the public prosecutors offices (検察庁): the Supreme, High, District and Local Public Prosecutors Offices (Article 1).
Written by AI using Code of Criminal Procedure, Arts. 247, 248 and Public Prosecutors Office Act, Arts. 1, 4, 6 as a reference.
registration
登記
Entry in a public register kept by a registry office (登記所) — a Legal Affairs Bureau or one of its branch offices — so that the matter is made public (Real Property Registration Act, Articles 1 and 6, paragraph (1)). Rights in land and buildings, such as ownership, a superficies (地上権), a statutory lien (先取特権), a mortgage and a right of lease (賃借権), can be registered under that Act (Article 3), and matters the Commercial Code, the Companies Act and other Acts require to be registered are registered under the Commercial Registration Act (Article 1). Registration also lets a right be asserted against third parties: acquiring, losing or changing a right in rem (物権) in land or a building, such as ownership, cannot be asserted against third parties until it is registered (Civil Code, Article 177), and a matter the Companies Act requires to be registered cannot be asserted against a third party who does not know of it until it has been registered, nor, even after that, against one who had a justifiable reason for not knowing of the registration (Companies Act, Article 908, paragraph (1)).
Written by AI using Real Property Registration Act, Arts. 1, 3, 6, Commercial Registration Act, Art. 1, Civil Code, Art. 177 and Companies Act, Art. 908 as a reference.