Article 10Scope of Persons with a Disability and Persons with a Particular Disability
Persons specified by Cabinet Order as prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (1), item (xxviii) (Meaning of Person with a Disability) of the Act are the following persons:
法第二条第一項第二十八号（障害者の意義）に規定する政令で定める者は、次に掲げる者とする。
A person who habitually lacks the capacity to discern right and wrong due to a mental disorder, or a person determined to be a person with an intellectual disability by the determination of a child guidance center, a rehabilitation counseling center for persons with intellectual disabilities (meaning a rehabilitation counseling center for persons with intellectual disabilities prescribed in Article 9, paragraph (6) (Persons Implementing Rehabilitation Assistance) of the Act on Welfare of Mentally Retarded Persons (Act No. 37 of 1960); the same applies in item (i) of the following paragraph and Article 31-2, item (xiv) (Scope of Persons with a Disability or Other Eligible Persons)), a mental health and welfare center (meaning a mental health and welfare center prescribed in Article 6, paragraph (1) (Mental Health and Welfare Centers) of the Act on Mental Health and Welfare for Persons with Mental Disorders or Disabilities (Act No. 123 of 1950); the same applies in item (i) of the following paragraph), or a designated psychiatrist;
精神上の障害により事理を弁識する能力を欠く常況にある者又は児童相談所、知的障害者更生相談所（知的障害者福祉法（昭和三十五年法律第三十七号）第九条第六項（更生援護の実施者）に規定する知的障害者更生相談所をいう。次項第一号及び第三十一条の二第十四号（障害者等の範囲）において同じ。）、精神保健福祉センター（精神保健及び精神障害者福祉に関する法律（昭和二十五年法律第百二十三号）第六条第一項（精神保健福祉センター）に規定する精神保健福祉センターをいう。次項第一号において同じ。）若しくは精神保健指定医の判定により知的障害者とされた者
In addition to the persons listed in the preceding item, a person who has been issued a mental disability health and welfare notebook pursuant to the provisions of Article 45, paragraph (2) (Issuance of Mental Disability Health and Welfare Notebook) of the Act on Mental Health and Welfare for Persons with Mental Disorders or Disabilities;
前号に掲げる者のほか、精神保健及び精神障害者福祉に関する法律第四十五条第二項（精神障害者保健福祉手帳の交付）の規定により精神障害者保健福祉手帳の交付を受けている者
A person recorded as a person with a physical disability in the physical disability certificate issued pursuant to the provisions of Article 15, paragraph (4) (Issuance of Physical Disability Certificate) of the Act on Welfare of Physically Disabled Persons (Act No. 283 of 1949);
身体障害者福祉法（昭和二十四年法律第二百八十三号）第十五条第四項（身体障害者手帳の交付）の規定により交付を受けた身体障害者手帳に身体上の障害がある者として記載されている者
In addition to the persons listed in the preceding three items, a person who has been issued a wounded and sick retired soldier's notebook pursuant to the provisions of Article 4 (Issuance of Wounded and Sick Retired Soldier's Notebook) of the Act on Special Aid to the Wounded and Sick Retired Soldiers (Act No. 168 of 1963);
前三号に掲げる者のほか、戦傷病者特別援護法（昭和三十八年法律第百六十八号）第四条（戦傷病者手帳の交付）の規定により戦傷病者手帳の交付を受けている者
In addition to the persons listed in the preceding two items, a person who has received certification by the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare pursuant to the provisions of Article 11, paragraph (1) (Certification) of the Atomic Bomb Survivors' Assistance Act (Act No. 117 of 1994);
前二号に掲げる者のほか、原子爆弾被爆者に対する援護に関する法律（平成六年法律第百十七号）第十一条第一項（認定）の規定による厚生労働大臣の認定を受けている者
In addition to the persons listed in the preceding items, a person who is always bedridden and requires complex nursing care;
前各号に掲げる者のほか、常に就床を要し、複雑な介護を要する者
In addition to the persons listed in the preceding items, a person aged 65 or older with a mental or physical disability whose degree of disability has been certified, as being comparable to that of the persons listed in item (i) or item (iii), by the mayor of a municipality or of a special ward (or, where the welfare office prescribed in the Social Welfare Act (Act No. 45 of 1951) performs the duties listed in the items of Article 5-4, paragraph (2) (Persons Implementing Welfare Measures) of the Act on Social Welfare for the Elderly (Act No. 133 of 1963), the head of that welfare office; referred to as "municipal mayors, etc." in item (vi) of the following paragraph).
Persons specified by Cabinet Order as prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (1), item (xxix) of the Act are the following persons:
法第二条第一項第二十九号に規定する政令で定める者は、次に掲げる者とする。
Among the persons listed in item (i) of the preceding paragraph, a person who habitually lacks the capacity to discern right and wrong due to a mental disorder, or a person determined to be a person with a severe intellectual disability by the determination of a child guidance center, rehabilitation counseling center for persons with intellectual disabilities, mental health and welfare center, or designated psychiatrist;
前項第一号に掲げる者のうち、精神上の障害により事理を弁識する能力を欠く常況にある者又は児童相談所、知的障害者更生相談所、精神保健福祉センター若しくは精神保健指定医の判定により重度の知的障害者とされた者
Among the persons listed in item (ii) of the preceding paragraph, a person recorded in the mental disability health and welfare notebook referred to in that item as a person whose disability grade prescribed in Article 6, paragraph (3) (State of Mental Disability) of the Order for Enforcement of the Act on Mental Health and Welfare for Persons with Mental Disorders or Disabilities (Cabinet Order No. 155 of 1950) is grade 1;
Among the persons listed in item (iii) of the preceding paragraph, a person recorded in the physical disability certificate referred to in that item as a person whose degree of disability, as a physical disability, is grade 1 or grade 2;
Among the persons listed in item (iv) of the preceding paragraph, a person recorded in the wounded and sick retired soldier's notebook referred to in that item as a person whose degree of disability, as a mental or physical disability, is from Special Item Disability to Third Item Disability in Appended Table No. 1-2 of the Public Officers Pension Act (Act No. 48 of 1923);
A person listed in item (v) or item (vi) of the preceding paragraph;
Among the persons listed in item (vii) of the preceding paragraph, a person whose degree of disability has been certified by the municipal mayors, etc. as being comparable to that of the persons listed in item (i) or item (iii).
Article 11Scope of Widows
A person whose husband's life or death is unclear, specified by Cabinet Order as prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (1), item (xxx), (b) (Definitions) of the Act, is the wife of any of the following persons:
法第二条第一項第三十号ロ（定義）に規定する夫の生死の明らかでない者で政令で定めるものは、次に掲げる者の妻とする。
A person who belonged to the former Army or Navy at the end of the Pacific War and has not yet returned to Japan;
太平洋戦争の終結の当時もとの陸海軍に属していた者で、まだ国内に帰らないもの
A person other than those listed in the preceding item who was outside Japan at the end of the Pacific War and has not yet returned to Japan, and for whose not returning there are recognized to be circumstances similar to those of the persons listed in that item;
A person whose life or death has been unclear for three months or more and who was actually aboard a ship when it sank, capsized, was lost, or went missing, who was aboard a ship and went missing while that ship was under way, who was actually aboard an aircraft when it crashed, was lost, or went missing, or who was aboard an aircraft and went missing while that aircraft was in flight;
船舶が沈没し、転覆し、滅失し若しくは行方不明となつた際現にその船舶に乗つていた者若しくは船舶に乗つていてその船舶の航行中に行方不明となつた者又は航空機が墜落し、滅失し若しくは行方不明となつた際現にその航空機に乗つていた者若しくは航空機に乗つていてその航空機の航行中に行方不明となつた者で、三月以上その生死が明らかでないもの
A person other than those listed in the preceding item who encountered a peril that could cause death, and whose life or death has been unclear for one year or more after that peril passed;
前号に掲げる者以外の者で、死亡の原因となるべき危難に遭遇した者のうちその危難が去つた後一年以上その生死が明らかでないもの
In addition to the persons listed in the preceding items, a person whose life or death has been unclear for three years or more.
前各号に掲げる者のほか、三年以上その生死が明らかでない者
Article 11-2Scope of Single Parents
A person whose spouse's life or death is unclear, specified by Cabinet Order as prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (1), item (xxxi) (Definitions) of the Act, is the spouse of a person listed in the items of the preceding Article.
法第二条第一項第三十一号（定義）に規定する配偶者の生死の明らかでない者で政令で定めるものは、前条各号に掲げる者の配偶者とする。
A child specified by Cabinet Order as prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (1), item (xxxi), (a) of the Act is a child the total of whose gross income, amount of retirement income, and amount of timber income for that year is 580,000 yen or less (excluding a person who is treated as the spouse in the same household or a dependent of another person).
法第二条第一項第三十一号イに規定する政令で定める子は、その年分の総所得金額、退職所得金額及び山林所得金額の合計額が五十八万円以下の子（他の者の同一生計配偶者又は扶養親族とされている者を除く。）とする。
定義第十条第一項第一号・この規定及び第十条第二項第一号及び第三十一条の二第一項第十四号の中だけ
知的障害者福祉法（昭和三十五年法律第三十七号）第九条第六項（更生援護の実施者）に規定する知的障害者更生相談所
わかりやすく言うと
知的障害者福祉法に定める、知的障害者の更生援護に関する相談所のことです。
定義第十条第一項第一号・この規定及び第十条第二項第一号の中だけ
精神保健及び精神障害者福祉に関する法律（昭和二十五年法律第百二十三号）第六条第一項（精神保健福祉センター）に規定する精神保健福祉センター
わかりやすく言うと
精神保健の向上と精神障害者の福祉の増進を図るため、都道府県が置く機関のことです（精神保健及び精神障害者福祉に関する法律第六条第一項）。
略称規定第十条第一項第七号・この規定及び第十条第二項第六号の中だけ
前各号に掲げる者のほか、精神又は身体に障害のある年齢六十五歳以上の者で、その障害の程度が第一号又は第三号に掲げる者に準ずるものとして市町村長又は特別区の区長（社会福祉法（昭和二十六年法律第四十五号）に定める福祉に関する事務所が老人福祉法（…
わかりやすく言うと
精神又は身体に障害のある六十五歳以上の者の障害の程度を認定する、市町村長又は特別区の区長のことです。社会福祉法の福祉に関する事務所が老人福祉法に定める老人の福祉の実情の把握や相談、指導などの業務を行っている場合は、その事務所の長をいいます。
特別区
都の区のことです（地方自治法第二百八十一条第一項）。今ある特別区は、東京都の二十三区だけです。特別区は、市町村と同じく住民に身近な地方公共団体（基礎的な地方公共団体）で、都が特別区のある区域全体でまとめて行う仕事を除き、ふつうは市町村が行う仕事を行います（同法第二百八十一条の二第二項）。市の仕事について定めた法令の規定は、その仕事を特別区が行う場合には特別区にも当てはまります（同法第二百八十一条第二項・第二百八十三条第二項）。そのまま当てはめにくいときは、政令で特別の定めを置くことができます（同法第二百八十三条第三項）。
地方自治法第281条・第281条の2・第283条、Wikipedia「特別区」を参考にAIが作成。