Section 1 Action Concerning the Organization of a Company
第一節 会社の組織に関する訴え
Article 828Actions Seeking Invalidation of Acts Concerning the Organization of a Company
第八百二十八条(会社の組織に関する行為の無効の訴え)
Invalidation of the acts set forth in the following items may only be asserted by filing an action during the periods specified respectively in those items:
次の各号に掲げる行為の無効は、当該各号に定める期間に、訴えをもってのみ主張することができる。
incorporation of a company:within two years from the day of formation of the company;
会社の設立 会社の成立の日から二年以内
share issue after the formation of a stock company:within six months from the day on which the share issue became effective (or, for a stock company which is not a public company, within one year from the day on which the share issue became effective);
株式会社の成立後における株式の発行 株式の発行の効力が生じた日から六箇月以内(公開会社でない株式会社にあっては、株式の発行の効力が生じた日から一年以内)
disposition of treasury shares:within six months from the day on which the disposition of treasury shares became effective (or, for a stock company which is not a public company, within one year from the day on which the disposition of treasury shares became effective);
share option (if the share options are those attached to bonds with share options, it includes the bonds concerning bonds with share options; hereinafter the same applies in this Chapter) issue:within six months from the day on which the issuance of share options came into effect (or, for a stock company which is not a public company, within one year from the day on which the issuance of share options came into effect);
reduction in the amount of stated capital of a stock company:within six months from the day on which the reduction in the amount of stated capital became effective;
株式会社における資本金の額の減少 資本金の額の減少の効力が生じた日から六箇月以内
entity conversion of a company:within six months from the day on which the entity conversion became effective;
absorption-type merger of a company:within six months from the day on which the absorption-type merger became effective;
consolidation-type merger of a company:within six months from the day on which the consolidation-type merger became effective;
absorption-type company split:within six months from the day on which the absorption-type company split became effective;
incorporation-type company split:within six months from the day on which the incorporation-type company split became effective;
share exchange of a stock company:within six months from the day on which the share exchange became effective;
株式会社の株式交換 株式交換の効力が生じた日から六箇月以内
share transfer of a stock company:within six months from the day on which the share transfer became effective; and
株式会社の株式移転 株式移転の効力が生じた日から六箇月以内
partial share exchange of a stock company:within six months from the day in which the partial share exchange became effective.
株式会社の株式交付 株式交付の効力が生じた日から六箇月以内
An action seeking invalidation of the acts set forth in the following items may be filed only by the persons specified in each of those items:
次の各号に掲げる行為の無効の訴えは、当該各号に定める者に限り、提起することができる。
the act set forth in item (i) of the preceding paragraph:a shareholder, etc. (meaning a shareholder, director or liquidator (or, for a company with company auditor(s), it means a shareholder, director, company auditor or liquidator, and for a company with nominating committee, etc., it means a shareholder, director, executive officer or liquidator); hereinafter the same applies in this Section) of the incorporated stock company or a member, etc. (meaning a member or liquidator; hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph) of the incorporated membership company;
前項第一号に掲げる行為 設立する株式会社の株主等(株主、取締役又は清算人(監査役設置会社にあっては株主、取締役、監査役又は清算人、指名委員会等設置会社にあっては株主、取締役、執行役又は清算人)をいう。以下この節において同じ。)又は設立する持分会社の社員等(社員又は清算人をいう。以下この項において同じ。)
the act set forth in item (ii) of the preceding paragraph:a shareholder, etc. of the relevant stock company;
the act set forth in item (iii) of the preceding paragraph:a shareholder, etc. of the relevant stock company;
the act set forth in item (iv) of the preceding paragraph:a shareholder, etc. or a share option holder of the relevant stock company;
the act set forth in item (v) of the preceding paragraph:a shareholder, etc., the trustee in bankruptcy or a creditor, who did not give approval to the reduction in the amount of stated capital, of the relevant stock company;
the act set forth in item (vi) of the preceding paragraph:a person who was a shareholder, etc. or a member, etc. of the company effecting the entity conversion as of the day on which relevant act became effective or a shareholder, etc., a member, etc., the trustee in bankruptcy or a creditor, who did not give approval to the entity conversion, of the company after the entity conversion;
the act set forth in item (vii) of the preceding paragraph:a person who was a shareholder, etc. or a member, etc. of the company effecting the absorption-type merger as of the day on which relevant act became effective or a shareholder, etc., a member, etc., the trustee in bankruptcy or a creditor, who did not give approval to the absorption-type merger of the company surviving the absorption-type merger;
the act set forth in item (viii) of the preceding paragraph:a person who was a shareholder, etc. or a member, etc. of the company effecting the consolidation-type merger as of the day on which relevant act became effective or a shareholder, etc., a member, etc., the trustee in bankruptcy or a creditor, who did not give approval to the consolidation-type merger, of the company that is incorporated in the consolidation-type merger;
the act set forth in item (ix) of the preceding paragraph:a person who was a shareholder, etc. or a member, etc. of the company that has concluded the absorption-type company split agreement as of the day on which relevant act became effective or a shareholder, etc., a member, etc., the trustee in bankruptcy or a creditor, who did not give approval to the absorption-type company split, of the company that has concluded the absorption-type company split agreement;
the act set forth in item (x) of the preceding paragraph:a person who was a shareholder, etc. or a member, etc. of the company effecting the incorporation-type company split as of the day on which relevant act became effective or a shareholder, etc., a member, etc., the trustee in bankruptcy or a creditor, who did not give approval to the incorporation-type company split, of the company effecting the incorporation-type company split or the company that is incorporated in the incorporation-type company split;
the act set forth in item (xi) of the preceding paragraph:a person who was a shareholder, etc. or a member, etc. of the company that has concluded the share exchange agreement as of the day on which relevant act became effective or a shareholder, etc., a member, etc., the trustee in bankruptcy or a creditor, who did not give approval to the share exchange, of the company that has concluded the share exchange agreement; and
the act set forth in item (xii) of the preceding paragraph:a person who was a shareholder, etc. of the stock company transferring the shares as of the day on which relevant act became effective; a shareholder, etc. or the trustee in bankruptcy of the stock company incorporated in the share transfer; or a creditor of the stock company incorporated in the share transfer who did not give approval to the share transfer.
the act set forth in item (xiii) of the preceding paragraph:a person who was a shareholder, etc. of the parent company resulting from a partial share exchange as of the day on which relevant act became effective; a person who delivered shares or share options, etc. of the subsidiary company resulting from a partial share exchange when the partial share exchange is effected; or a shareholder, etc. of the parent company resulting from a partial share exchange or a trustee in bankruptcy or creditor who did not approve the partial share exchange .
Article 829Action for Declaratory Judgment of Absence of a New Share Issue
第八百二十九条(新株発行等の不存在の確認の訴え)
With regard to the acts below, confirmation of the absence of the acts may be claimed by filing an action:
次に掲げる行為については、当該行為が存在しないことの確認を、訴えをもって請求することができる。
share issue after the formation of a stock company;
株式会社の成立後における株式の発行
disposition of treasury shares; and
自己株式の処分
issuance of share options.
新株予約権の発行
第八百三十条(株主総会等の決議の不存在又は無効の確認の訴え)
With regard to a resolution at a shareholders meeting, general meeting of class shareholders, organizational meeting or organizational meeting of class shareholders (hereinafter referred to as a "shareholders meeting, etc." in this Section and Article 937, paragraph (1), item (i), (g)), confirmation of the absence of the resolution may be claimed by filing an action.
株主総会若しくは種類株主総会又は創立総会若しくは種類創立総会(以下この節及び第九百三十七条第一項第一号トにおいて「株主総会等」という。)の決議については、決議が存在しないことの確認を、訴えをもって請求することができる。
With regard to a resolution at a shareholders meeting, etc., confirmation of invalidation of the resolution may be claimed by filing an action based on the reason that the contents of the resolution violate laws and regulations.
株主総会等の決議については、決議の内容が法令に違反することを理由として、決議が無効であることの確認を、訴えをもって請求することができる。
Article 831Action Seeking Revocation of a Resolution at a Shareholders Meeting
第八百三十一条(株主総会等の決議の取消しの訴え)
In the cases set forth in the following items, a shareholder, etc. (or, if the shareholders meeting, etc. set forth respectively in each the item is an organizational meeting or an organizational meeting of class shareholders, a shareholder, etc., a shareholder at incorporation, a director at incorporation or a company auditor at incorporation) may, within three months from the day of resolution at the shareholders meeting, etc., claim revocation of the resolution by filing an action. The same applies to a person who becomes a shareholder (or, if that resolution is the resolution at an organizational meeting, shareholders at incorporation) or director (or, in cases of a company with audit and supervisory committee, directors who are audit and supervisory committee members or other directors; hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph), company auditor or liquidator (or, if relevant resolution is a resolution at a shareholders meeting or general meeting of class shareholders, it includes a person who has the rights and obligations of a director, company auditor or liquidator pursuant to the provisions of Article 346, paragraph (1) (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 479, paragraph (4)), and if relevant resolution is a resolution at an organizational meeting or organizational meeting of class shareholders, a director at incorporation (if a stock company to be incorporated is a company with audit and supervisory committee, directors at incorporation who are audit and supervisory committee members at incorporation or other directors at incorporation) or company auditor at incorporation) by rescission of relevant resolution:
次の各号に掲げる場合には、株主等(当該各号の株主総会等が創立総会又は種類創立総会である場合にあっては、株主等、設立時株主、設立時取締役又は設立時監査役)は、株主総会等の決議の日から三箇月以内に、訴えをもって当該決議の取消しを請求することができる。当該決議の取消しにより株主(当該決議が創立総会の決議である場合にあっては、設立時株主)又は取締役(監査等委員会設置会社にあっては、監査等委員である取締役又はそれ以外の取締役。以下この項において同じ。)、監査役若しくは清算人(当該決議が株主総会又は種類株主総会の決議である場合にあっては第三百四十六条第一項(第四百七十九条第四項において準用する場合を含む。)の規定により取締役、監査役又は清算人としての権利義務を有する者を含み、当該決議が創立総会又は種類創立総会の決議である場合にあっては設立時取締役(設立しようとする株式会社が監査等委員会設置会社である場合にあっては、設立時監査等委員である設立時取締役又はそれ以外の設立時取締役)又は設立時監査役を含む。)となる者も、同様とする。
when the calling procedures or the methods of a resolution at the shareholders meeting, etc. violate laws and regulations or the articles of incorporation or are grossly improper;
株主総会等の招集の手続又は決議の方法が法令若しくは定款に違反し、又は著しく不公正なとき。
when the contents of the resolution at the shareholders meeting, etc. violate the articles of incorporation; or
株主総会等の決議の内容が定款に違反するとき。
when a grossly improper resolution is passed as a result of a person with a special interest in the resolution at the shareholders meeting, etc. exercising a voting right.
株主総会等の決議について特別の利害関係を有する者が議決権を行使したことによって、著しく不当な決議がされたとき。
If an action referred to in the preceding paragraph is filed, even if the calling procedures or the methods of a resolution at the shareholders meeting, etc. are in violation of laws and regulations or the articles of incorporation, the court may dismiss the claim prescribed in that paragraph if it finds that the facts in violation are not serious and will not affect the resolution.
Article 832Action Seeking Rescission of the Incorporation of a Membership Company
第八百三十二条(持分会社の設立の取消しの訴え)
In the cases set forth in the following items, the persons specified in each of those items may claim rescission of the incorporation of the membership company within two years from the day of formation of the membership company:
次の各号に掲げる場合には、当該各号に定める者は、持分会社の成立の日から二年以内に、訴えをもって持分会社の設立の取消しを請求することができる。
when a member is able to rescind relevant member's manifestation of intention relating to the incorporation pursuant to the provisions of the Civil Code or any other acts:relevant member; or
社員が民法その他の法律の規定により設立に係る意思表示を取り消すことができるとき 当該社員
when a member incorporates a membership company having the knowledge that it will be detrimental to its creditor:relevant creditor.
社員がその債権者を害することを知って持分会社を設立したとき 当該債権者
Article 833Action Seeking Dissolution of a Company
第八百三十三条(会社の解散の訴え)
In the cases set forth below, if there are unavoidable circumstances, a shareholder having not less than one-tenths (or, if a lesser proportion is prescribed in the articles of incorporation, the proportion) of the voting rights of all shareholders (excluding shareholders who are unable to exercise voting rights on all matters which may be resolved at the shareholders meeting) or a shareholder having not less than one-tenth (or, if a lesser proportion is prescribed in the articles of incorporation, the proportion) of the issued shares (excluding treasury shares) may claim dissolution of the stock company by filing an action:
when a stock company faces an extreme difficulty in executing business and the stock company suffers or is likely to suffer irreparable harm; or
株式会社が業務の執行において著しく困難な状況に至り、当該株式会社に回復することができない損害が生じ、又は生ずるおそれがあるとき。
when the management or disposition of property of a stock company is extremely unreasonable and puts the existence of the stock company at risk.
株式会社の財産の管理又は処分が著しく失当で、当該株式会社の存立を危うくするとき。
If there are unavoidable circumstances, members of a membership company may claim dissolution of the membership company by filing an action.
やむを得ない事由がある場合には、持分会社の社員は、訴えをもって持分会社の解散を請求することができる。