Article 127Special Provisions on Acquisition Price of Capital Expenditure
If, among the amounts expended with respect to Depreciable Assets held by a Resident (excluding those falling under the following Article; the same applies hereinafter in this Article), there is an amount that was not included in necessary expenses, pursuant to Article 181 (Capital Expenditure), in calculating the amount of real property income, the amount of business income, the amount of timber income, or the amount of miscellaneous income for the year in which the date of expenditure falls, a Depreciable Asset of the same type and useful life as the Depreciable Asset held is deemed to have been newly acquired, with that amount as the acquisition price under paragraph (1) of the preceding Article.
In the case prescribed in the preceding paragraph, if the Resident prescribed in that paragraph has adopted the depreciation method prescribed in Article 120, paragraph (1) (Depreciation Methods for Depreciable Assets) as the depreciation method to be used for the Depreciable Assets held, the amount expended referred to in the preceding paragraph may, notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, be added to the acquisition price of that Depreciable Asset under the provisions of the preceding Article.
In the case prescribed in paragraph (1), if the Depreciable Asset held by the Resident prescribed in that paragraph is a leased asset (meaning a leased asset prescribed in Article 120-2, paragraph (2), item (iv) (Depreciation Methods for Depreciable Assets); the same applies hereinafter in this paragraph), the Depreciable Asset deemed to have been newly acquired under the provisions of paragraph (1) is deemed to fall under a leased asset. In this case, Article 120-2 is applied by treating the lease term prescribed in paragraph (2), item (vii) of that Article for the Depreciable Asset deemed to have been acquired as the period from the day on which the amount expended referred to in paragraph (1) was expended to the last day of the lease term prescribed in that item for the Depreciable Asset held by that Resident.
In the case prescribed in paragraph (1), if the amount expended prescribed in that paragraph is expended in connection with a renewal under Article 57, paragraph (3) (Duration of Fishing Port Water Surface Facility Operation Rights) of the Act on Development, etc. of Fishing Ports and Grounds (Act No. 137 of 1950), the phrase "type and useful life" in paragraph (1) is deemed to be replaced with "type".
In the case where there is an amount that was not included in necessary expenses as prescribed in paragraph (1) with respect to the income tax of a Resident for the year preceding that year, if the Resident has adopted the declining-balance method as the depreciation method to be used for the Depreciable Assets held by the Resident prescribed in that paragraph (excluding assets acquired on or before March 31, 2012; hereinafter in this paragraph referred to as "former Depreciable Assets") and the Depreciable Assets deemed to have been newly acquired under the provisions of paragraph (1) (hereinafter in this Article referred to as "additional Depreciable Assets"), then notwithstanding that paragraph, it may be deemed that one Depreciable Asset has been newly acquired, on January 1 of that year, whose acquisition price under paragraph (1) of the preceding Article is the sum of the acquisition price of the former Depreciable Assets on that day under the preceding Article (if there is an amount already included as depreciation allowance in necessary expenses in calculating the amount of real property income, the amount of business income, the amount of timber income, or the amount of miscellaneous income for each year up to the year preceding that year, the amount obtained by deducting that amount; hereinafter in this Article referred to as "acquisition price, etc.") and the acquisition price, etc. of the additional Depreciable Assets.
居住者のその年の前年分の所得税につき第一項に規定する必要経費に算入されなかつた金額がある場合において、同項に規定する居住者が有する減価償却資産（平成二十四年三月三十一日以前に取得された資産を除く。以下この項において「旧減価償却資産」という。）及び第一項の規定により新たに取得したものとされた減価償却資産（以下この条において「追加償却資産」という。）についてそのよるべき償却の方法として定率法を採用しているときは、同項の規定にかかわらず、その年の一月一日において、同日における旧減価償却資産の前条の規定による取得価額（既に償却費としてその年の前年分以前の各年分の不動産所得の金額、事業所得の金額、山林所得の金額又は雑所得の金額の計算上必要経費に算入された金額がある場合には、当該金額を控除した金額。以下この条において「取得価額等」という。）と追加償却資産の取得価額等との合計額を前条第一項の規定による取得価額とする一の減価償却資産を、新たに取得したものとすることができる。
In the case where there is an amount that was not included in necessary expenses as prescribed in paragraph (1) with respect to the income tax of a Resident for the year preceding that year, if the Resident has adopted the declining-balance method as the depreciation method to be used for the additional Depreciable Assets pertaining to that amount and does not receive the application of the preceding paragraph, then notwithstanding paragraph (1) and the preceding paragraph, it may be deemed that one Depreciable Asset has been newly acquired, on January 1 of that year, whose acquisition price under paragraph (1) of the preceding Article is the sum of the acquisition price, etc. on that day of those additional Depreciable Assets not subject to that application that are of the same type and useful life.
第百二十八条（昭和二十七年十二月三十一日以前に取得した非事業用資産で業務の用に供されたものの取得価額）
Article 128Acquisition Price of Non-Business Assets Acquired on or before December 31, 1952 That Have Been Put to Business Use
Where a house or other asset that depreciates through use or the passage of time, that has been continuously owned since on or before December 31, 1952, and that has not been used for business that is to generate real property income, business income, timber income or miscellaneous income, is put to use for that business, the acquisition price of that asset prescribed in Article 126, paragraph (1) (Acquisition Price of Depreciable Assets) is the sum of the amount calculated as provided by Cabinet Order prescribed in Article 61, paragraph (3) (Acquisition Costs of Assets Acquired Prior to December 31, 1952) of the Act with respect to that asset and the amount of equipment expenses and improvement expenses paid for that asset during the period from January 1, 1953 to the day on which it was put to use for that business.
The provisions of paragraphs (1), (2), (5) and (6) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to the case where, among the amounts paid for an asset prescribed in the preceding paragraph after it has been put to use for the business set forth in that paragraph, there is an amount that has not been included in the necessary expenses prescribed in paragraph (1) of that Article.
Article 129Useful Life, Depreciation Rates, etc. of Depreciable Assets
The useful life of a Depreciable Asset prescribed in Article 120, paragraph (1), items (i) and (iii) and Article 120-2, paragraph (1), items (i) and (iii) (Depreciation Methods for Depreciable Assets), the depreciation rate corresponding to the useful life prescribed in Article 120, paragraph (1), item (i) and Article 120-2, paragraph (1), item (i), the revised depreciation rate corresponding to the useful life prescribed in that item, the guarantee rate corresponding to the useful life prescribed in paragraph (2), item (i) of that Article, and the residual value prescribed in Article 120, paragraph (1), items (i) and (iii) are as provided by Ministry of Finance Order.
減価償却資産の第百二十条第一項第一号及び第三号並びに第百二十条の二第一項第一号及び第三号（減価償却資産の償却の方法）に規定する耐用年数、第百二十条第一項第一号及び第百二十条の二第一項第一号に規定する耐用年数に応じた償却率、同号に規定する耐用年数に応じた改定償却率、同条第二項第一号に規定する耐用年数に応じた保証率並びに第百二十条第一項第一号及び第三号に規定する残存価額については、財務省令で定めるところによる。
定義第百二十条第一項・この款の中だけ
法第四十九条第一項（減価償却資産の償却費の計算及びその償却の方法）の規定による減価償却資産の償却費
わかりやすく言うと
居住者が持つ減価償却資産について、選んだ償却の方法などに基づいて計算し、不動産所得、事業所得、山林所得又は雑所得の計算で必要経費に入れる金額のことです（所得税法第四十九条第一項）。
定義第百二十七条第三項・この項の中だけ
第百二十条の二第二項第四号（減価償却資産の償却の方法）に規定するリース資産
わかりやすく言うと
所有権移転外リース取引（リース取引のうち、終了時に資産が借り手に無償で譲渡されるものなど一定のもの以外のもの）で、借り手が取得したものとされる減価償却資産のことです（第百二十条の二第二項第四号）。
略称規定第百二十七条第五項・この条の中だけ
居住者のその年の前年分の所得税につき第一項に規定する必要経費に算入されなかつた金額がある場合において、同項に規定する居住者が有する減価償却資産（平成二十四年三月三十一日以前に取得された資産を除く。以下この項において「旧減価償却資産」という…
わかりやすく言うと
減価償却資産の第百二十六条による取得価額から、前年分までに償却費として必要経費に算入された金額があればそれを差し引いた金額のことです。
略称規定第百二十七条第五項・この項の中だけ
居住者のその年の前年分の所得税につき第一項に規定する必要経費に算入されなかつた金額がある場合において、同項に規定する居住者が有する減価償却資産（平成二十四年三月三十一日以前に取得された資産を除く。以下この項において「旧減価償却資産」という…
わかりやすく言うと
資本的支出をした居住者が持っている減価償却資産のうち、平成二十四年三月三十一日以前に取得されたものを除いたもののことです（第百二十七条第一項、第五項）。
略称規定第百二十七条第五項・この条の中だけ
…同項に規定する居住者が有する減価償却資産（平成二十四年三月三十一日以前に取得された資産を除く。以下この項において「旧減価償却資産」という。）及び第一項の規定により新たに取得したものとされた減価償却資産（以下この条において「追加償却資産」…
わかりやすく言うと
減価償却資産に支出した金額のうち、資本的支出として必要経費に入れられなかった金額を取得価額として、新たに取得したものとされる同じ種類と耐用年数の減価償却資産のことです（第一項）。