第七十三条(特定退職金共済団体の要件)
Article 73Requirements for Specified Retirement Allowance Mutual Aid Organizations
The specified retirement allowance mutual aid organization prescribed in paragraph (3), item (i) of the preceding Article means a municipality (including a special ward) that conducts a retirement allowance mutual aid business, a chamber of commerce, a commercial association, a Central Federation of Societies of Commerce and Industry, a prefectural federation of small business associations, a general incorporated association or general incorporated foundation whose main purpose is a retirement allowance mutual aid business, or any other corporation similar to these that is designated by the Minister of Finance, which has received the approval of the district director as meeting the following requirements with regard to the retirement allowance mutual aid business it conducts.
前条第三項第一号に規定する特定退職金共済団体とは、退職金共済事業を行う市町村(特別区を含む。)、商工会議所、商工会、商工会連合会、都道府県中小企業団体中央会、退職金共済事業を主たる目的とする一般社団法人又は一般財団法人その他財務大臣の指定するこれらに準ずる法人で、その行う退職金共済事業につき次に掲げる要件を備えているものとして税務署長の承認を受けたものをいう。
the organization is aimed at concluding retirement allowance mutual aid contracts (meaning contracts under which an employer pays premiums to an organization conducting a retirement allowance mutual aid business and that organization promises to pay retirement benefits on the retirement of employees employed by that employer (including the delivery of the amount equivalent to the retirement allowance prescribed in item (viii), (a), the amount equivalent to the retirement benefit prescribed in (c) of that item, or the delivery amount prescribed in item (ix)); hereinafter the same in this Subsection) with a large number of employers, and only participating employers (meaning employers that have concluded retirement allowance mutual aid contracts; hereinafter the same in this Subsection) bear the premiums (including premiums corresponding to the aggregated past service period prescribed in item (vii); the same applies in items (iv), (v), and (x));
the covered persons (meaning persons who are to receive retirement benefits under retirement allowance mutual aid contracts; the same applies hereinafter in this Subsection) do not include covered persons of another specified retirement allowance mutual aid organization;
被共済者(退職金共済契約に基づいて退職給付金の支給を受けるべき者をいう。以下この款において同じ。)のうちに他の特定退職金共済団体の被共済者を含まないこと。
the covered persons do not include an individual who is a participating employer, a relative who shares a livelihood with that individual, or an officer of a corporation that is a participating employer (excluding an officer who has duties as an employee prescribed in Article 34, paragraph (6) (Exclusion of Remuneration for Officers from Deductible Expenses) of the Corporation Tax Act);
被共済者のうちに加入事業主である個人若しくはこれと生計を一にする親族又は加入事業主である法人の役員(法人税法第三十四条第六項(役員給与の損金不算入)に規定する使用人としての職務を有する役員を除く。)を含まないこと。
the amounts paid in as premiums (including the amount received by delivery pursuant to Article 31, paragraph (1) (Delivery of Amounts Equivalent to Retirement Allowances, etc.) of the Small and Medium Sized Enterprise Retirement Allowance Cooperative Act and the amount received by delivery pursuant to item (viii), (c), and the profits from the management thereof; the same applies in the following item) are not returned to participating employers;
掛金として払い込まれた金額(中小企業退職金共済法第三十一条第一項(退職金相当額の引渡し等)の規定によりその引渡しを受けた金額及び第八号ハの規定によりその引渡しを受けた金額並びにこれらの運用による利益を含む。次号において同じ。)は、加入事業主に返還しないこと。
the remainder obtained by deducting the amount ordinarily necessary as expenses for the administrative work of the organization conducting a retirement allowance mutual aid business from the amounts paid in as premiums (referred to as "total assets" in (f)) is invested as the following assets, and those assets are not offered as security or lent:
掛金として払い込まれた金額から退職金共済事業を行う団体の事務に要する経費として通常必要な金額を控除した残額(ヘにおいて「資産総額」という。)は、次に掲げる資産として運用し、かつ、これらの資産を担保に供し又は貸し付けないこと。
public and corporate bonds (including public and corporate bonds placed in trust with a trust company (including a bank that conducts the trust business prescribed in Article 1, paragraph (1) (Authorization for Concurrent Engagement) of the Act on Engagement in Trust Business by Financial Institutions));
公社債(信託会社(金融機関の信託業務の兼営等に関する法律により同法第一条第一項(兼営の認可)に規定する信託業務を営む銀行を含む。)に信託した公社債を含む。)
Deposits and Savings (including installment savings and anything else equivalent thereto);
預貯金(定期積金その他これに準ずるものを含む。)
Jointly Managed Trusts;
合同運用信託
beneficial interests in a Securities Investment Trust;
証券投資信託の受益権
premiums for life insurance for which a covered person is the insured person and mutual aid premiums for life mutual aid similar thereto (limited to those specified by Ministry of Finance Order);
被共済者を被保険者とする生命保険の保険料その他これに類する生命共済の共済掛金(財務省令で定めるものに限る。)
loans to participating employers that satisfy the following requirements:
加入事業主に対する貸付金で次に掲げる要件を満たすもの
that they are applied to funds required for establishing or improving housing or other facilities for covered persons that are necessary to promote the welfare of covered persons;
被共済者の福祉を増進するために必要な被共済者の住宅その他の施設の設置又は整備に要する資金に充てられるものであること。
that the ratio of the sum of the remaining balances of those loans to total assets is at all times 15 percent or less;
資産総額のうちに当該貸付金の残額の合計額の占める割合が常時百分の十五以下であること。
the monthly amount of premiums is 30,000 yen or less per covered person;
掛金の月額は、被共済者一人につき三万円以下であること。
where, with respect to a covered person, there is a past service period (meaning the period during which that person (excluding persons specified by Ministry of Finance Order) continuously worked under a participating employer until the day before the day on which the person became a covered person; the same applies in (a)) or a period of service before a merger, etc. (meaning, where that person is a person specified by Ministry of Finance Order as having become a covered person in connection with a merger of corporations or a transfer of business (limited, respectively, to a merger or a transfer of business specified by Ministry of Finance Order; the same applies hereinafter in this item) (hereinafter in this item referred to as a "covered person through a merger, etc."), the period during which the person continuously worked, until the day before the day of that merger or transfer of business, under an employer that is the corporation extinguished by that merger, the corporation surviving that merger, or the corporation that made that transfer of business (including a corporation whose business was succeeded to or transferred to any of those corporations by a merger or transfer of business other than that merger or transfer of business); the same applies in (a)), and those periods are included in the basis for calculating the amount of retirement benefits, the period included in the basis for calculating the amount of that retirement benefit (hereinafter in this item referred to as the "aggregated past service period"), the amount of premiums corresponding to that aggregated past service period, and the payment thereof are to satisfy the following requirements:
被共済者につき過去勤務期間(その者(財務省令で定める者を除く。)が被共済者となつた日の前日まで加入事業主の下で引き続き勤務した期間をいう。イにおいて同じ。)又は合併等前勤務期間(その者が、法人の合併又は事業の譲渡(それぞれ財務省令で定める合併又は事業の譲渡に限る。以下この号において同じ。)に伴い被共済者となつた者として財務省令で定める者(以下この号において「合併等被共済者」という。)である場合において、当該合併又は事業の譲渡の日の前日まで当該合併により消滅した法人若しくは当該合併後存続する法人又は当該事業の譲渡をした法人(当該合併又は事業の譲渡以外の合併又は事業の譲渡によりこれらの法人に事業が承継され、又は譲渡された法人を含む。)である事業主の下で引き続き勤務した期間をいう。イにおいて同じ。)がある場合において、これらの期間を退職給付金の額の計算の基礎に含めるときは、当該退職給付金の額の計算の基礎に含める期間(以下この号において「過去勤務等通算期間」という。)並びに当該過去勤務等通算期間に対応する掛金の額及びその払込みは、次の要件を満たすものであること。
the aggregated past service period is to be as specified below according to the category of the following cases:
過去勤務等通算期間は、次に掲げる場合の区分に応じ、それぞれ次に定めるところによるものであること。
where the aggregated past service period relates to a past service period: it is to be determined, for all persons who are employed by that participating employer at the time of concluding a retirement allowance mutual aid contract (including a contract specified by Ministry of Finance Order; the same applies in (c)) (limited to persons who are to become covered persons), in correspondence with the person's past service period (where that past service period (excluding that relating to the amounts set out in (c)(1) and (3)) exceeds 10 years, 10 years);
where the aggregated past service period relates to a period of service before a merger, etc.: it is to be determined, for all of those covered persons through a merger, etc., in correspondence with the person's period of service before a merger, etc. (limited to a period specified by Ministry of Finance Order);
the amount of premiums corresponding to the aggregated past service period is to be equal to or less than the sum of the amount obtained by multiplying the number of months of that aggregated past service period by the monthly amount of premiums set out in item (vi) (excluding that relating to the amounts set out in (c)(1) and (3), and where that monthly amount exceeds 30,000 yen, 30,000 yen) and the amount specified by Ministry of Finance Order as the investment income relating to that aggregated past service period;
the amount of premiums corresponding to the aggregated past service period (where there are the following amounts, the amount obtained by deducting each of those amounts) is to be paid in equal installments every month on and after the month containing the day specified by Ministry of Finance Order as the day on which the retirement allowance mutual aid contract was concluded or the day on which the person became that covered person through a merger, etc. (hereinafter in this item referred to as the "base date"), over the number of months in the period from the day following the base date until the day on which five years have elapsed on or after that day (where the aggregated past service period is less than five years, the number of months of that aggregated past service period, and where the covered person is to retire before the day on which those five years have elapsed, the number of months in the period from that following day until the day on or after that day on which the person is to retire);
the amount delivered by the Organization for Workers' Retirement Allowance Mutual Aid pursuant to Article 17, paragraph (1) (Cancellation Refunds, etc.) of the Small and Medium Sized Enterprise Retirement Allowance Cooperative Act;
中小企業退職金共済法第十七条第一項(解約手当金等)の規定により独立行政法人勤労者退職金共済機構から引き渡される金額
the amount set out in Article 16, paragraph (1), item (ix), (d) (Requirements for Qualified Retirement Pension Contracts, etc.) of the Supplementary Provisions of the Order for the Enforcement of the Corporation Tax Act;
法人税法施行令附則第十六条第一項第九号ニ(適格退職年金契約の要件等)に掲げる金額
where an agreement has been concluded with another specified retirement allowance mutual aid organization under which, when a person who has cancelled a retirement allowance mutual aid contract relating to that other specified retirement allowance mutual aid organization and has become a participating employer of the specified retirement allowance mutual aid organization so applies, the amount equivalent to the total assets prescribed in item (v) relating to that participating employer is to be delivered to the specified retirement allowance mutual aid organization, and other matters specified by Ministry of Finance Order are promised, and a person who was a participating employer of that other specified retirement allowance mutual aid organization becomes, immediately after that cancellation, a participating employer of the specified retirement allowance mutual aid organization and files an application as provided by Ministry of Finance Order: the amount equivalent to that total assets that is delivered from that other specified retirement allowance mutual aid organization as provided for in that agreement;
where a covered person retires, and that covered person (limited to a person who can receive retirement benefits under a retirement allowance mutual aid contract on that retirement) falls under any of the following cases, the matters are to be as specified in each of the following:
where that covered person has made the application referred to in Article 30, paragraph (1) (Receipt of Amounts Equivalent to Retirement Allowances, etc.) of the Small and Medium Sized Enterprise Retirement Allowance Cooperative Act pursuant to that paragraph: the amount equivalent to the retirement allowance prescribed in that paragraph relating to that covered person is to be delivered to the Organization for Workers' Retirement Allowance Mutual Aid as provided for in the contract prescribed in that paragraph;
当該被共済者が、中小企業退職金共済法第三十条第一項(退職金相当額の受入れ等)の規定により、同項の申出をした場合 同項に規定する契約で定めるところによつて当該被共済者に係る同項に規定する退職金に相当する額を独立行政法人勤労者退職金共済機構に引き渡すこと。
where that covered person is a person who has become a covered person by receiving, from the Organization for Workers' Retirement Allowance Mutual Aid pursuant to Article 31, paragraph (1) (Delivery of Amounts Equivalent to Retirement Allowances, etc.) of the Small and Medium Sized Enterprise Retirement Allowance Cooperative Act, delivery of the amount equivalent to the retirement allowance prescribed in that paragraph: the retirement benefit paid on that retirement of that covered person is to include in its basis for calculation the amount equivalent to that retirement allowance;
当該被共済者が、中小企業退職金共済法第三十一条第一項(退職金相当額の引渡し等)の規定により独立行政法人勤労者退職金共済機構から同項に規定する退職金に相当する額の引渡しを受けて被共済者となつた者である場合 当該被共済者の当該退職について支給する退職給付金は、その計算の基礎に当該退職金に相当する額を含むものであること。
where an agreement has been concluded with another specified retirement allowance mutual aid organization under which, when a covered person who can receive retirement benefits under a retirement allowance mutual aid contract on that retirement (limited to the person who retired) so applies, the amount equivalent to that retirement benefit relating to that covered person is to be delivered to that other specified retirement allowance mutual aid organization, and other matters specified by Ministry of Finance Order are promised, and that covered person, within the period specified by Ministry of Finance Order after that retirement, becomes a covered person of that other specified retirement allowance mutual aid organization without claiming that retirement benefit and files an application as provided by Ministry of Finance Order: the amount equivalent to that retirement benefit is to be delivered to that other specified retirement allowance mutual aid organization as provided for in that agreement;
where that covered person is a person who has become a covered person by receiving, as provided in (c), from a specified retirement allowance mutual aid organization other than the specified retirement allowance mutual aid organization relating to that covered person, delivery of the amount equivalent to the retirement benefit prescribed in (c): the retirement benefit paid on that retirement of that covered person is to include in its basis for calculation the amount equivalent to that retirement benefit that was delivered;
当該被共済者が、ハに定めるところにより当該被共済者に係る特定退職金共済団体以外の特定退職金共済団体からハに規定する退職給付金に相当する額の引渡しを受けて被共済者となつた者である場合 当該被共済者の当該退職について支給する退職給付金は、その計算の基礎に当該引渡しを受けた当該退職給付金に相当する額が含まれるものであること。
where that covered person, within the period specified by Ministry of Finance Order after that retirement, becomes a covered person relating to another participating employer (limited to an employer that has concluded a retirement allowance mutual aid contract with the specified retirement allowance mutual aid organization relating to that covered person) without claiming that retirement benefit (hereinafter in this item referred to as the "carried-over retirement benefit"), and files an application as provided by Ministry of Finance Order: the retirement benefit paid on the retirement of that covered person (limited to where the employment relationship with that other participating employer ends) is to include in its basis for calculation the amount equivalent to that carried-over retirement benefit;
where the retirement allowance mutual aid business has been abolished, when an employer prescribed in Article 31-2, paragraph (1) (Receipt of Amounts Received from Organizations that Have Abolished Retirement Allowance Mutual Aid Businesses, etc.) of the Small and Medium Sized Enterprise Retirement Allowance Cooperative Act (including where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (6) of that Article; the same applies hereinafter in this item) makes the application under paragraph (1) of that Article, the delivery amount (meaning an amount within the range of the total amount of premiums prescribed in that paragraph, the amount specified by Cabinet Order prescribed in that paragraph as equivalent to premiums, and the amount of profits from the management thereof) relating to persons who were covered persons relating to that employer is to be delivered to the Organization for Workers' Retirement Allowance Mutual Aid as provided for in the contract relating to the delivery referred to in that paragraph between the abolished organization prescribed in that paragraph and the Organization for Workers' Retirement Allowance Mutual Aid;
退職金共済事業を廃止した場合において、中小企業退職金共済法第三十一条の二第一項(退職金共済事業を廃止した団体からの受入金額の受入れ等)(同条第六項において準用する場合を含む。以下この号において同じ。)に規定する事業主が、同条第一項の規定による申出をしたときは、同項に規定する廃止団体と独立行政法人勤労者退職金共済機構との間の同項の引渡しに係る契約で定めるところによつて当該事業主に係る被共済者であつた者に係る引渡金額(同項に規定する掛金の総額及び掛金に相当するものとして同項に規定する政令で定める金額並びにこれらの運用による利益の額の範囲内の金額をいう。)を独立行政法人勤労者退職金共済機構に引き渡すこと。
unjustly discriminatory treatment is not given to specific persons among participating employers or covered persons with respect to the amount of premiums or the amount of retirement benefits;
accounting for the retirement allowance mutual aid business is conducted separately from other accounting.
退職金共済事業に関する経理は、他の経理と区分して行うこと。
A general incorporated association or general incorporated foundation prescribed in the preceding paragraph, other than one that, among those that continue to exist as a general incorporated association or general incorporated foundation pursuant to Article 40, paragraph (1) (Continuation of Incorporated Associations and Incorporated Foundations) of the Act on the Arrangement of Related Acts upon the Enforcement of the Act on General Incorporated Associations and General Incorporated Foundations and the Act on Authorization of Public Interest Incorporated Associations and Public Interest Incorporated Foundations (Act No. 50 of 2006), has not completed the registration referred to in Article 106, paragraph (1) (Registration of Transition) of that Act (including where applied mutatis mutandis with replacement of terms pursuant to Article 121, paragraph (1) (Application Mutatis Mutandis of Provisions on Authorization) of that Act) (excluding one whose authorization under Article 45 (Transition to Ordinary General Incorporated Association or General Incorporated Foundation) of that Act has been rescinded pursuant to Article 131, paragraph (1) (Rescission of Authorization) of that Act), is limited to one that satisfies the following requirements.
前項に規定する一般社団法人又は一般財団法人は、一般社団法人及び一般財団法人に関する法律及び公益社団法人及び公益財団法人の認定等に関する法律の施行に伴う関係法律の整備等に関する法律(平成十八年法律第五十号)第四十条第一項(社団法人及び財団法人の存続)の規定により一般社団法人又は一般財団法人として存続するもののうち、同法第百六条第一項(移行の登記)(同法第百二十一条第一項(認定に関する規定の準用)において読み替えて準用する場合を含む。)の登記をしていないもの(同法第百三十一条第一項(認可の取消し)の規定により同法第四十五条(通常の一般社団法人又は一般財団法人への移行)の認可を取り消されたものを除く。)以外のものにあつては、次に掲げる要件を満たすものに限るものとする。
its articles of incorporation provide that documents relating to the accounting for the retirement allowance mutual aid business referred to in item (xi) of the preceding paragraph are to be kept at its principal office and that participating employers and covered persons may inspect those documents;
its articles of incorporation contain no provision granting to specific individuals or organizations the right to receive a distribution of surplus;
その定款に特定の個人又は団体に剰余金の分配を受ける権利を与える旨の定めがないこと。
its articles of incorporation contain no provision that, upon dissolution, its residual assets are to revert to specific individuals or organizations (excluding the State or a local government, a public interest incorporated association or public interest incorporated foundation, a corporation set out in Article 5, item (xx), (a) through (g) (Standards for Public Interest Authorization) of the Act on Authorization of Public Interest Incorporated Associations and Public Interest Incorporated Foundations (Act No. 49 of 2006), or another general incorporated association or general incorporated foundation having a purpose similar to its purpose);
その定款に解散したときはその残余財産が特定の個人又は団体(国若しくは地方公共団体、公益社団法人若しくは公益財団法人、公益社団法人及び公益財団法人の認定等に関する法律(平成十八年法律第四十九号)第五条第二十号イからトまで(公益認定の基準)に掲げる法人又はその目的と類似の目的を有する他の一般社団法人若しくは一般財団法人を除く。)に帰属する旨の定めがないこと。
during the period in which it met all of the requirements set out in the preceding three items and the following item, it has not decided to grant, and has not granted, special benefits to specific individuals or organizations by distribution of surplus or other means (including the transfer of assets by merger);
for each director, the ratio of the total number of directors who are that director, that director's spouse or a relative within the third degree of kinship, or another person having a special relationship with that director as specified by Ministry of Finance Order, to the total number of directors is one-third or less.
各理事について、当該理事及び当該理事の配偶者又は三親等以内の親族その他の当該理事と財務省令で定める特殊の関係のある者である理事の合計数の理事の総数のうちに占める割合が、三分の一以下であること。
When the Minister of Finance has made the designation under paragraph (1), the Minister is to give public notice of it.
財務大臣は、第一項の指定をしたときは、これを告示する。
定義第七十三条第一項第一号・この款の中だけ
事業主が退職金共済事業を行う団体に掛金を納付し、その団体がその事業主の雇用する使用人の退職について退職給付金を支給すること(第八号イに規定する退職金に相当する額若しくは同号ハに規定する退職給付金に相当する額又は第九号に規定する引渡金額の引渡しを含む。)を約する契約
わかりやすく言うと
事業主が退職金共済事業を行う団体に掛金を納付し、その団体がその事業主の雇用する使用人の退職について退職給付金を支給すること(一定の額の引渡しを含む)を約する契約のことです。
略称規定第七十三条第一項第五号・この規定の中だけ
掛金として払い込まれた金額から退職金共済事業を行う団体の事務に要する経費として通常必要な金額を控除した残額(ヘにおいて「資産総額」という。)は、次に掲げる資産として運用し、かつ、これらの資産を担保に供し又は貸し付けないこと。
わかりやすく言うと
退職金共済事業で掛金として払い込まれた金額から、その団体の事務に通常必要な経費を差し引いた残額のことです。公社債、預貯金、合同運用信託など定められた資産で運用することが求められます。
定義第七十三条第一項第七号・この規定の中だけ
その者が、法人の合併又は事業の譲渡(それぞれ財務省令で定める合併又は事業の譲渡に限る。以下この号において同じ。)に伴い被共済者となつた者として財務省令で定める者(以下この号において「合併等被共済者」という。)である場合において、当該合併又は事業の譲渡の日の前日まで当該合併により消滅した法人若しくは当該合併後存続する法人又は当該事業の譲渡をした法人(当該合併又は事業の譲渡以外の合併又は事業の譲渡によりこれらの法人に事業が承継され、又は譲渡された法人を含む。)である事業主の下で引き続き勤務した期間
わかりやすく言うと
財務省令で定める合併又は事業の譲渡に伴い被共済者となった者(合併等被共済者)が、その合併又は事業の譲渡の日の前日まで、合併で消滅した法人、合併後存続する法人又は事業の譲渡をした法人などである事業主のもとで引き続き勤務した期間のことです。
略称規定第七十三条第一項第七号・この号の中だけ
被共済者につき過去勤務期間(その者(財務省令で定める者を除く。)が被共済者となつた日の前日まで加入事業主の下で引き続き勤務した期間をいう。イにおいて同じ。)又は合併等前勤務期間(その者が、法人の合併又は事業の譲渡(それぞれ財務省令で定める…
わかりやすく言うと
法人の合併又は事業の譲渡(それぞれ財務省令で定めるものに限る)に伴って退職金共済の被共済者となった者として、財務省令で定める者のことです。
定義第七十三条第一項第七号・この規定の中だけ
その者(財務省令で定める者を除く。)が被共済者となつた日の前日まで加入事業主の下で引き続き勤務した期間
わかりやすく言うと
被共済者となった日の前日まで、その者が加入事業主のもとで引き続き勤務した期間のことです。財務省令で定める者は除きます。
略称規定第七十三条第一項第七号・この号の中だけ
…これらの期間を退職給付金の額の計算の基礎に含めるときは、当該退職給付金の額の計算の基礎に含める期間(以下この号において「過去勤務等通算期間」という。)並びに当該過去勤務等通算期間に対応する掛金の額及びその払込みは…
わかりやすく言うと
過去勤務期間や合併等前勤務期間がある被共済者について、これらの期間を退職給付金の額の計算の基礎に含めるときの、その含める期間のことです。
略称規定第七十三条第一項第七号ハ・この号の中だけ
過去勤務等通算期間に対応する掛金の額(次に掲げる金額があるときは、それぞれこれらの金額を控除した額)は、当該掛金の額を退職金共済契約を締結した日又は当該合併等被共済者となつた日として財務省令で定める日(以下この号において「基準日」という。…
わかりやすく言うと
退職金共済契約を締結した日又は合併等被共済者となった日として、財務省令で定める日のことです。
略称規定第七十三条第一項第八号ホ・この号の中だけ
当該被共済者が、当該退職後財務省令で定める期間内に、当該退職給付金(以下この号において「引継退職給付金」という。)を請求しないで他の加入事業主(当該被共済者に係る特定退職金共済団体と退職金共済契約を締結した事業主に限る。)に係る被共済者と…
わかりやすく言うと
被共済者が退職して退職金共済契約により受けられる退職給付金で、財務省令で定める期間内に請求しないまま、同じ特定退職金共済団体と契約した他の加入事業主の被共済者となり申出をした場合に、次の退職の際の退職給付金に引き継がれるもののことです。
定款
会社を設立するときに発起人(持分会社では社員になろうとする者)が作成する、会社の根本規則です(会社法第二十六条・第五百七十五条)。目的・商号・本店の所在地・設立に際して出資される財産の価額又はその最低額・発起人の氏名又は名称及び住所は必ず記載します(第二十七条)。株式会社の定款は公証人の認証を受けなければ効力を生じず(第三十条第一項)、成立後は株主総会の決議で変更できます(第四百六十六条)。「定款に別段の定めがある場合を除き」とする規定が多く、会社法がその会社にどう適用されるかを定款が大きく左右します。
会社法第26条・第27条・第30条・第466条・第575条、Wikipedia「定款」を参考にAIが作成。
解除
契約や法律の規定により当事者の一方が解除権を持つとき、相手方に対する意思表示によって契約を終わらせることです(民法第五百四十条第一項)。民法は、相手方が債務を履行しないときの解除を定めています。相当の期間を定めて履行を催告してもその期間内に履行がないときは解除でき(残った不履行が軽微なときを除きます。同法第五百四十一条)、履行の全部が不能であるとき、相手方が履行を拒む意思をはっきり示したときなど、履行を受ける見込みがないことが明らかなときは、催告をせずにすぐ解除できます(同法第五百四十二条第一項)。解除すると、各当事者は相手方を元の状態に戻す義務を負い、損害賠償の請求もできます(同法第五百四十五条第一項・第四項)。ただし、賃貸借の解除は将来に向かってのみ効力を生じます(同法第六百二十条)。取り消された行為が初めから無効であったものとみなされる取消し(同法第百二十一条)とは異なります。
民法第121条・第540条・第541条・第542条・第545条・第620条を参考にAIが作成。
税務署長
国税庁の地方支分部局である国税局の事務の一部を分掌するため各地に置かれる税務署の長です(財務省設置法第二十四条)。納税者が通常相対する機関で、所得税の確定申告書は税務署長に提出し(所得税法第百二十条第一項)、更正・決定や国税の徴収は現在の納税地を所轄する税務署長が行います(国税通則法第三十条・第四十三条)。税務署長の処分に不服がある者は、その税務署長に対する再調査の請求か、国税不服審判所長に対する審査請求のいずれかを選べます(同法第七十五条第一項第一号)。ただし、調査が国税局又は国税庁の職員によってされた旨の記載がある書面で通知された処分は、国税局長又は国税庁長官がしたものとみなされ、国税庁長官がしたものとみなされた処分については国税庁長官に対する審査請求のみとなります(同条第二項)。
財務省設置法第24条、国税通則法第30条・第43条・第75条、所得税法第120条を参考にAIが作成。
登記
法務局や地方法務局、その支局・出張所である登記所が備える公の帳簿に記録して、権利や事項を公示することです(不動産登記法第一条・第六条第一項)。土地や建物の所有権、地上権、先取特権、抵当権、賃借権などは不動産登記法に基づいて登記することができ(同法第三条)、商法や会社法などの規定で登記すべき事項は商業登記法に基づいて登記されます(商業登記法第一条)。登記をすると、権利などを第三者に対抗(主張)できるようになります。土地や建物の所有権などの物権を取得したり、失ったり、変更したりしたことは、登記をしなければ第三者に対抗することができず(民法第百七十七条)、会社法の規定で登記すべき事項は、登記の後でなければ、そのことを知らない第三者に対抗することができず、登記の後でも、正当な事由によって登記があることを知らなかった第三者には対抗することができません(会社法第九百八条第一項)。
不動産登記法第1条・第3条・第6条、商業登記法第1条、民法第177条、会社法第908条を参考にAIが作成。
特別区
都の区のことです(地方自治法第二百八十一条第一項)。今ある特別区は、東京都の二十三区だけです。特別区は、市町村と同じく住民に身近な地方公共団体(基礎的な地方公共団体)で、都が特別区のある区域全体でまとめて行う仕事を除き、ふつうは市町村が行う仕事を行います(同法第二百八十一条の二第二項)。市の仕事について定めた法令の規定は、その仕事を特別区が行う場合には特別区にも当てはまります(同法第二百八十一条第二項・第二百八十三条第二項)。そのまま当てはめにくいときは、政令で特別の定めを置くことができます(同法第二百八十三条第三項)。
地方自治法第281条・第281条の2・第283条、Wikipedia「特別区」を参考にAIが作成。
独立行政法人勤労者退職金共済機構
中小企業退職金共済法と独立行政法人通則法に基づいて設立される独立行政法人です(中小企業退職金共済法第五十七条)。中小企業の従業員の退職金共済制度を運営し、勤労者の計画的な財産形成を促進する業務を行うことを目的とし(同法第五十八条)、退職金共済契約と特定業種退職金共済契約に係る中小企業退職金共済事業を行います(同法第七十条第一項)。退職金共済契約は、事業主がこの機構に掛金を納付することを約束し、機構がその事業主の雇用する従業員の退職について退職金を支給することを約束する契約で、特定業種退職金共済契約を除いたものです(同法第二条第三項)。
中小企業退職金共済法第2条・第57条・第58条・第70条を参考にAIが作成。