公益通報者保護法
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第一章 総則
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1Purpose
The purpose of this Act is to protect whistleblowers and to ensure compliance with the provisions of laws and regulations relating to the protection of the lives, physical wellbeing, properties, and other interests of citizens by providing for the invalidity of dismissal of, and the prohibition, etc. of disadvantageous treatment of, whistleblowers on the grounds of whistleblowing and the measures, etc. to be taken by business operators and administrative bodies with regard to whistleblowing, thereby contributing to the stability of the lives of citizens and to the sound development of the society and economy.
Article 2Definitions
The term "whistleblowing" as used in this Act means a report made by a person stated in the following items with no wrongful purpose such as a purpose of acquiring a wrongful gain or causing damage to others, that a reportable fact that has occurred, or is about to occur, concerning a business operator provided for in the respective items (meaning a corporation or other organization and an individual who engages in business; the same applies below) (referred to below as "recipient of services"), or its officer (meaning a corporate director, executive officer, accounting advisor, corporate auditor, director, inspector, and liquidator, and any other person who is engaged in the management of the corporation (excluding a financial auditor) under the provisions of laws and regulations (meaning laws as well as orders based on them; the same applies below); the same applies below), employee, agent, or other persons engaged in the business of the recipient of services, to the recipient of services or a person designated by the recipient of services in advance (referred to as "recipient of services or other designated person"), to an administrative body with the authority to impose a disposition (meaning an order, revocation, and other acts involving the exercise of public authority; the same applies below) or issue a recommendation, etc. (meaning a recommendation and other acts which are not dispositions; the same applies below) with regard to the reportable fact, or a person designated by the administrative body in advance (referred to as "administrative body or other designated person" in item (ii) of the following Article and Article 6, item (ii)), or to a person to whom reporting the reportable fact is considered necessary in order to prevent their occurrence or the spread of damage caused by them (including persons who suffered or are likely to suffer damage because of the reportable fact, but excluding persons who are likely to cause harm to the competitive position or other legitimate interests of the recipient of services; the same applies in item (iii) of the following Article and Article 6, item (iii)).
この法律において「公益通報」とは、次の各号に掲げる者が、不正の利益を得る目的、他人に損害を加える目的その他の不正の目的でなく、当該各号に定める事業者(法人その他の団体及び事業を行う個人をいう。以下同じ。)(以下「役務提供先」という。)又は当該役務提供先の事業に従事する場合におけるその役員(法人の取締役、執行役、会計参与、監査役、理事、監事及び清算人並びにこれら以外の者で法令(法律及び法律に基づく命令をいう。以下同じ。)の規定に基づき法人の経営に従事している者(会計監査人を除く。)をいう。以下同じ。)、従業員、代理人その他の者について通報対象事実が生じ、又はまさに生じようとしている旨を、当該役務提供先若しくは当該役務提供先があらかじめ定めた者(以下「役務提供先等」という。)、当該通報対象事実について処分(命令、取消しその他公権力の行使に当たる行為をいう。以下同じ。)若しくは勧告等(勧告その他処分に当たらない行為をいう。以下同じ。)をする権限を有する行政機関若しくは当該行政機関があらかじめ定めた者(次条第二号及び第六条第二号において「行政機関等」という。)又はその者に対し当該通報対象事実を通報することがその発生若しくはこれによる被害の拡大を防止するために必要であると認められる者(当該通報対象事実により被害を受け又は受けるおそれがある者を含み、当該役務提供先の競争上の地位その他正当な利益を害するおそれがある者を除く。次条第三号及び第六条第三号において同じ。)に通報することをいう。
a worker (meaning a worker as provided for in Article 9 of the Labor Standards Act (Act No. 49 of 1947); the same applies below) or a former worker:a business operator that employs the worker or former worker, or that employed the worker or the former worker within one year before the date of the report (excluding business operators provided for in the following item);
労働者(労働基準法(昭和二十二年法律第四十九号)第九条に規定する労働者をいう。以下同じ。)又は労働者であった者 当該労働者又は労働者であった者を自ら使用し、又は当該通報の日前一年以内に自ら使用していた事業者(次号に定める事業者を除く。)
a dispatched worker (meaning a dispatched worker as prescribed in Article 2, item (ii) of the Act on Ensuring the Proper Operation of Worker Dispatching Services and Protecting Dispatched Workers (Act No. 88 of 1985; referred to as the "Worker Dispatching Act" in Article 4); the same applies below) or a former dispatched worker: the business operator that receives, or received within one year before the date of the relevant report, the services of worker dispatch (meaning worker dispatch as prescribed in item (i) of the same Article; the same applies in Article 4 and Article 5, paragraph (2)) related to the relevant dispatched worker or the former dispatched worker;
a worker or a former worker, or a dispatched worker or a former dispatched worker, who is or was engaged in the business within one year before the date of the report, when a business operator specified in the preceding two items conducts or conducted the business based on a contract for work or other contract with another business operator: the relevant other business operator;
another business operator if the business operator stated in (a) engages in business based on a contract for work or other contract with that other business operator and the officer is engaged in the business.
イに掲げる事業者が他の事業者との請負契約その他の契約に基づいて事業を行う場合において、当該役員が当該事業に従事するときにおける当該他の事業者
The term "whistleblower" as used in this Act means a person who has conducted whistleblowing.
この法律において「公益通報者」とは、公益通報をした者をいう。
The term "reportable fact" as used in this Act means any of the facts listed in the following items:
この法律において「通報対象事実」とは、次の各号のいずれかの事実をいう。
the facts of criminal acts constituting the crimes provided for in this Act and in the laws listed in the Appended Table (including orders based on those laws; the same applies in this paragraph) as those concerning the protection of the life or physical wellbeing of an individual, or the interests of consumers, the conservation of the environment, the protection of fair competition, or the protection of the life, physical wellbeing, property, or other interests of the citizens; or the facts constituting the grounds for a civil fine provided for in this Act and the laws stated in the Appended Table; or
この法律及び個人の生命又は身体の保護、消費者の利益の擁護、環境の保全、公正な競争の確保その他の国民の生命、身体、財産その他の利益の保護に関わる法律として別表に掲げるもの(これらの法律に基づく命令を含む。以下この項において同じ。)に規定する罪の犯罪行為の事実又はこの法律及び同表に掲げる法律に規定する過料の理由とされている事実
the facts constituting the grounds for a disposition based on the provisions of the laws listed in the Appended Table, if the violation of the disposition constitutes the facts stated in the preceding item (including the facts constituting the grounds for issuing any other disposition, or grounds for issuing a recommendation, etc., if the facts constituting the grounds for the disposition constitute the violation of any other disposition based on the provisions of any of the laws listed in the Appended Table or the non-compliance with a recommendation, etc.).
The term "administrative body" as used in this Act means any of the following organizations:
この法律において「行政機関」とは、次に掲げる機関をいう。
Cabinet Office, the Imperial Household Agency, organizations provided for in Article 49, paragraph (1) or (2) of the Act for Establishment of the Cabinet Office (Act No. 89 of 1999), the Digital Agency, organizations provided for in Article 3, paragraph (2) of the National Government Organization Act (Act No. 120 of 1948), organizations under the jurisdiction of the Cabinet which were established pursuant to laws, organizations established within one of these organizations, or the employees of those organizations who are authorized by laws to independently exercise their authority; and
内閣府、宮内庁、内閣府設置法(平成十一年法律第八十九号)第四十九条第一項若しくは第二項に規定する機関、デジタル庁、国家行政組織法(昭和二十三年法律第百二十号)第三条第二項に規定する機関、法律の規定に基づき内閣の所轄の下に置かれる機関若しくはこれらに置かれる機関又はこれらの機関の職員であって法律上独立に権限を行使することを認められた職員
organizations (excluding assemblies) of local governments.
地方公共団体の機関(議会を除く。)
第二章 公益通報をしたことを理由とする公益通報者の解雇の無効及び不利益な取扱いの禁止等
Chapter II Invalidity of Dismissal of, and Prohibition of Disadvantageous Treatment of, Whistleblowers on the Grounds of Whistleblowing
Article 3Invalidity of Dismissal
The dismissal of a worker carried out by a business operator provided for in Article 2, paragraph (1), item (i) (limited to one that directly employs the worker; the same applies in Article 9) is void if it is on the grounds that the worker, being a whistleblower, has conducted whistleblowing provided for in the respective following items in the cases stated in those items.
if the whistleblower considers that a reportable fact has occurred, or is about to occur:whistleblowing to the recipient of services or other designated person;
if the whistleblower has reasonable grounds to believe that a reportable fact has occurred or is about to occur; or if the whistleblower considers that a reportable fact has occurred, or is about to occur, and submits a document stating the following matters (including a record made by an electronic method, a magnetic method, or any other method not recognizable to human senses; the same applies in (e) of the following item): whistleblowing to an administrative body or other designated person that has the authority to impose a disposition or make a recommendation or other act regarding the reportable fact:
the name and address or residence of the whistleblower;
公益通報者の氏名又は名称及び住所又は居所
details of the reportable fact;
当該通報対象事実の内容
reasons for considering that the reportable fact has occurred or is about to occur; and
当該通報対象事実が生じ、又はまさに生じようとしていると思料する理由
reasons for considering that measures based on laws and regulations, or any other appropriate measures should be taken with respect to the reportable fact.
if the whistleblower has reasonable grounds to believe that a reportable fact has occurred or is about to occur, and one of the following cases applies: whistleblowing report to a person to whom reporting the reportable fact is considered necessary to prevent its occurrence or the spread of damage it causes:
the whistleblower has reasonable grounds to believe that if they conduct whistleblowing provided for in the preceding two items, they will be subject to dismissal or other disadvantageous treatment;
the whistleblower has reasonable grounds to believe that if they conduct whistleblowing provided for in item (i), the evidence for the reportable fact might be concealed, counterfeited, or altered;
the whistleblower has reasonable grounds to believe that if they conduct whistleblowing as provided for in item (i), the recipient of services will divulge the information acquired with respect to the whistleblower without just cause despite knowing that the information enables the identification of the whistleblower;
it is requested that the whistleblower does not conduct whistleblowing provided for in the preceding two items by the recipient of services without just cause;
even if twenty days have elapsed from the day of conducting whistleblowing provided for in item (i) in writing, the whistleblower does not receive a notice from the relevant recipient of services or other designated person about the commencement of an investigation on the reportable fact, or the relevant recipient of services or other designated person does not investigate the reportable fact without just cause; or
the whistleblower has reasonable grounds to believe that harm to the life or physical wellbeing of an individual, or damage to the property of an individual (excluding an individual conducting business; the same applies below in this sub-item (f)) (limited to irreparable damage or substantial amount of damage to an extremely large number of individuals directly caused by the reportable fact; the same applies in Article 6, item (ii), (b) and item (iii), (b)) has occurred, or there is an imminent danger of its occurrence.
Article 4Invalidity of Cancellation of a Worker Dispatch Contract
The cancellation of a worker dispatch contract (meaning a worker dispatch contract prescribed in Article 26, paragraph (1) of the Worker Dispatching Act) by a business operator provided for in Article 2, paragraph (1), item (ii) is void if it is on the grounds that a whistleblower who is a dispatched worker working under the directions and orders of a business operator provided for in Article 2, paragraph (1), item (ii) (limited to a business operator receiving provision of the services of worker dispatch related to the relevant dispatched worker; the same applies in this Article and Article 5, paragraph (2)) has conducted whistleblowing provided for in the items of the preceding Article.
Article 5Prohibition of Disadvantageous Treatment
In addition to what is provided for in Article 3, a business operator provided for in Article 2, paragraph (1), item (i) must not treat a whistleblower who is or was employed by the business operator in a disadvantageous manner, such as by demotion, reduction of salary, or non-payment of retirement allowance, or otherwise, on the grounds that the whistleblower has conducted whistleblowing provided for in the items of Article 3.
In addition to what is provided for in the preceding Article, a business operator provided for in Article 2, paragraph (1), item (ii) must not, on the grounds that a whistleblower who is a dispatched worker working under the directions and orders of the business operator has conducted whistleblowing provided for in the items of Article 3, request that the business operator carrying out the worker dispatch related to the whistleblower replace the dispatched worker, or otherwise treat the whistleblower in a disadvantageous manner.
A business operator provided for in Article 2, paragraph (1), item (iv) (limited to a business operator stated in (a) of the item; the same applies in the following Article and Article 8, paragraph (4)) must not reduce the remuneration or otherwise treat the whistleblower disadvantageously (excluding dismissal) on the grounds that the whistleblower, who performs or performed duties for the business operator, has conducted whistleblowing provided for in the items of the following Article.
Article 6Claim for Compensation for Damages in the Case of Dismissal as an Officer
If a whistleblower who is an officer is dismissed by the business operator provided for in Article 2, paragraph (1), item (iv) on the grounds of having conducted whistleblowing provided for in the respective following items in the cases stated in those items, the whistleblower may claim compensation for damages arising from the dismissal from the business operator.
if the whistleblower considers that a reportable fact has occurred, or is about to occur:whistleblowing to the recipient of services or other designated person;
if one of the following applies: whistleblowing to an administrative body or other designated person that has the authority to impose a disposition or make a recommendation or other act regarding the reportable fact:
if the whistleblower has reasonable grounds to believe that a reportable fact has occurred or is about to occur despite efforts being made to conduct investigative and corrective measures (meaning measures necessary for investigation and correction of the reportable fact with the same level of care as that of a prudent manager; the same applies in (a) of the following item);
if the whistleblower has reasonable grounds to believe that a reportable fact has occurred or is about to occur, and also that harm to the life or physical wellbeing of an individual, or damage to the property of an individual (excluding an individual conducting business) has occurred or there is an imminent danger of its occurrence.
通報対象事実が生じ、又はまさに生じようとしていると信ずるに足りる相当の理由があり、かつ、個人の生命若しくは身体に対する危害又は個人(事業を行う場合におけるものを除く。)の財産に対する損害が発生し、又は発生する急迫した危険があると信ずるに足りる相当の理由がある場合
if one of the following cases applies: whistleblowing to a person to whom reporting the reportable fact is considered necessary to prevent its occurrence or the spread of damage it causes:
if a whistleblower has reasonable grounds to believe that a reportable fact has occurred or is about to occur despite efforts being made to conduct investigative and corrective measures, and one of the following applies:
the whistleblower has reasonable grounds to believe that if they conduct whistleblowing provided for in the preceding two items, they will be subject to dismissal, reduction of remuneration, or other disadvantageous treatment;
the whistleblower has reasonable grounds to believe that if they conduct whistleblowing provided for in item (i), the evidence for the reportable fact might be concealed, counterfeited, or altered;
it is requested that the whistleblower does not conduct whistleblowing provided for in the preceding two items by the recipient of services without just cause.
if the whistleblower has reasonable grounds to believe that a reportable fact has occurred or is about to occur, and also that harm to the life or physical wellbeing of an individual, or damage to the property of an individual (excluding an individual conducting business) has occurred or there is an imminent danger of its occurrence.
通報対象事実が生じ、又はまさに生じようとしていると信ずるに足りる相当の理由があり、かつ、個人の生命若しくは身体に対する危害又は個人(事業を行う場合におけるものを除く。)の財産に対する損害が発生し、又は発生する急迫した危険があると信ずるに足りる相当の理由がある場合
Article 7Limitation of Claims for Damages
The business operator provided for in each item of Article 2, paragraph (1) may not claim compensation from the whistleblower who has conducted whistleblowing on the grounds that the business operator has suffered damage due to the whistleblowing provided for in each item of Article 3 and each item of the preceding Article.
Article 8Interpretative Provisions
The provisions of Articles 3 through 7 do not preclude the application of the provisions of other laws and regulations that prohibit dismissal or any other disadvantageous treatment of a person stated in the items of Article 2, paragraph (1) on the grounds of making a whistleblowing regarding a reportable fact.
The provisions of Article 3 do not preclude the application of the provisions of Article 16 of the Labor Contracts Act (Act No. 128 of 2007).
第三条の規定は、労働契約法(平成十九年法律第百二十八号)第十六条の規定の適用を妨げるものではない。
The provisions of Article 5, paragraph (1) do not preclude the application of the provisions of Articles 14 and 15 of the Labor Contracts Act.
The provisions of Article 6 do not preclude the application of the provisions of other laws and regulations to the effect that a person who has been dismissed as an officer by a business operator provided for in Article 2, paragraph (1), item (iv) on the grounds of having made a report concerning a reportable fact may claim compensation for damages arising from the dismissal against the business operator.
Article 9Treatment of Regular Service National Public Employees or Other Public Employees
The prohibition of dismissal or other disadvantageous treatment, on the grounds of having conducted whistleblowing provided for in the items of Article 3, of national public employees in the regular service, court employees to whom the Act on Temporary Measures concerning Court Officials (Act No. 299 of 1951) applies, Diet employees to whom the Diet Officers Act (Act No. 85 of 1947) applies, corps personnel provided for in Article 2, paragraph (5) of the Self-Defense Forces Act (Act No. 165 of 1954), and local public employees in the regular service (referred to as "regular service national public employees, etc." in this Article) is governed, notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 3 through 5, by the provisions of the National Public Service Act (Act No. 120 of 1947; including as applied mutatis mutandis under the Act on Temporary Measures concerning Court Officials), the Diet Officers Act, the Self-Defense Forces Act, and the Local Public Service Act (Act No. 261 of 1950). In this case, a business operator provided for in Article 2, paragraph (1), item (i) must apply the provisions of those Acts so that no dismissal or other disadvantageous treatment is imposed on regular service national public employees, etc. on the grounds of having conducted whistleblowing provided for in the items of Article 3.
第三条各号に定める公益通報をしたことを理由とする一般職の国家公務員、裁判所職員臨時措置法(昭和二十六年法律第二百九十九号)の適用を受ける裁判所職員、国会職員法(昭和二十二年法律第八十五号)の適用を受ける国会職員、自衛隊法(昭和二十九年法律第百六十五号)第二条第五項に規定する隊員及び一般職の地方公務員(以下この条において「一般職の国家公務員等」という。)に対する免職その他不利益な取扱いの禁止については、第三条から第五条までの規定にかかわらず、国家公務員法(昭和二十二年法律第百二十号。裁判所職員臨時措置法において準用する場合を含む。)、国会職員法、自衛隊法及び地方公務員法(昭和二十五年法律第二百六十一号)の定めるところによる。この場合において、第二条第一項第一号に定める事業者は、第三条各号に定める公益通報をしたことを理由として一般職の国家公務員等に対して免職その他不利益な取扱いがされることのないよう、これらの法律の規定を適用しなければならない。
Article 10Respect for the Legitimate Interests of Others
Any person who conducts whistleblowing as provided for in the items of Article 3 and the items of Article 6 must make efforts not to damage the legitimate interests of others and the public interest.
第三章 事業者がとるべき措置等
Chapter III Measures to Be Taken by Business Operators
Article 11Measures to Be Taken by Business Operators
A business operator must designate a person to be engaged in the operations of receiving whistleblowing provided for in Article 3, item (i) and Article 6, item (i), investigating the reportable fact relating to the whistleblowing, and taking necessary measures to correct it (referred to as the "operations to respond to whistleblowing" in the following Article) (referred to as a "person engaged in the operations to respond to whistleblowing" in the following Article).
In addition to what is provided for in the preceding paragraph, a business operator must establish necessary systems to respond to and to appropriately handle the whistleblowing provided for in Article 3, item (i) and Article 6, item (i), and take other necessary measures, in order to protect whistleblowers and to ensure compliance with the provisions of laws and regulations relating to the protection of the lives, physical wellbeing, property, and other interests of citizens by making use of the content of whistleblowing.
Concerning any business operator that regularly employs 300 or fewer workers, the phrase "must designate" in paragraph (1) is replaced with "must endeavor to designate" and the phrase "must establish" in the preceding paragraph is replaced with "must endeavor to establish".
The Prime Minister is to establish guidelines necessary for the appropriate and effective implementation of the measures to be taken by business operators based on the provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2) (including as applied following the replacement of the terms pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph) (these guidelines are simply referred to below as the "guidelines" in this Article).
When establishing the guidelines, the Prime Minister must hear the opinion of the Consumer Commission in advance.
内閣総理大臣は、指針を定めようとするときは、あらかじめ、消費者委員会の意見を聴かなければならない。
Upon establishing the guidelines, the Prime Minister is to publicize them without delay.
内閣総理大臣は、指針を定めたときは、遅滞なく、これを公表するものとする。
The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs apply mutatis mutandis to any change of the guidelines.
Article 12Obligations of Persons Engaged in the Activity of Dealing with Whistleblowing
A person who is or was engaged in the activity of dealing with whistleblowing must not divulge any information which comes to the person's knowledge in connection with the activity of dealing with whistleblowing that enables the identification of the whistleblower, without just cause.
公益通報対応業務従事者又は公益通報対応業務従事者であった者は、正当な理由がなく、その公益通報対応業務に関して知り得た事項であって公益通報者を特定させるものを漏らしてはならない。
Article 13Measures to Be Taken by Administrative Bodies
If whistleblowing provided for in Article 3, item (ii) and Article 6, item (ii) is conducted by a whistleblower, an administrative body with the authority to impose a disposition or make a recommendation, etc. regarding the reportable fact must conduct necessary investigations, and if it recognizes that the reportable fact subject to the whistleblowing exists, it must take measures based on laws and regulations or any other appropriate measures.
In order to ensure appropriate implementation of the measures provided for in the preceding paragraph, an administrative body (excluding the officials provided for in Article 2, paragraph (4), item (i)) that has the authority to impose a disposition or make a recommendation, etc. with regard to a reportable fact must respond to the whistleblowing provided for in Article 3, item (ii) and Article 6, item (ii), establish a system necessary for appropriately responding to it, and take other necessary measures.
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, if the whistleblowing referred to in paragraph (1) concerns a fact that constitutes a criminal act as provided for in Article 2, paragraph (3), item (i), the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure (Act No. 131 of 1948) govern the criminal investigation and prosecution.
Article 14Information
If a whistleblowing referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article is erroneously conducted to an administrative body that does not have the authority to impose a disposition or make a recommendation or other act regarding the reportable fact subject to the whistleblowing, the administrative body must inform the whistleblower of the administrative body that has the authority to impose a disposition or make a recommendation or other act regarding that reportable fact.
第四章 雑則
Chapter IV Miscellaneous Provisions
Article 15Collecting Reports and Providing Advice, Guidance and Recommendations
The Prime Minister may request a report from, or give advice, guidance or recommendations to, a business operator if the Prime Minister finds it necessary for the enforcement of the provisions of Article 11, paragraphs (1) and (2) (including if these provisions are applied by replacing the terms pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (3) of the Article).
Article 16Public Announcements
If the Prime Minister has given a recommendation under the preceding Article to a business operator that is in violation of the provisions of Article 11, paragraphs (1) and (2), and the person who received the recommendation has not complied with it, the Prime Minister may make a public announcement to that effect.
Article 17Inquiry to Relevant Administrative Bodies
The Prime Minister may make an inquiry to or request cooperation from the relevant administrative bodies with regard to the affairs based on the provisions of this Act.
内閣総理大臣は、この法律の規定に基づく事務に関し、関係行政機関に対し、照会し、又は協力を求めることができる。
Article 18Collection, Arrangement, and Provision of Information by the Prime Minister
The Prime Minister must endeavor to collect, arrange, and provide information on the status of whistleblowing and whistleblowers, and any other information of which the dissemination contributes to compliance with the provisions of laws and regulations concerning the protection of whistleblowers and the protection of life, physical wellbeing, property, and other interests of citizens by utilizing the contents of whistleblowing.
Article 19Delegation of Authority
The Prime Minister delegates the authority under this Act (excluding the authority provided for in Cabinet Order) to the Commissioner of the Consumer Affairs Agency.
内閣総理大臣は、この法律による権限(政令で定めるものを除く。)を消費者庁長官に委任する。
Article 20Exemption
The provisions of Articles 15 and 16 do not apply to the national government and local governments.
第五章 罰則
Chapter V Penal Provisions
Article 21
Any person who has divulged any information provided for in Article 12 in violation of the Article is to be subject to a fine of not more than 300,000 yen.
Article 22
A person who has failed to make a report under Article 15 or has made a false report is punished by a civil fine of not more than 200,000 yen.
第十五条の規定による報告をせず、又は虚偽の報告をした者は、二十万円以下の過料に処する。
定義第二条第一項・法令全体に適用
次の各号に掲げる者が、不正の利益を得る目的、他人に損害を加える目的その他の不正の目的でなく、当該各号に定める事業者(法人その他の団体及び事業を行う個人をいう。以下同じ。)(以下「役務提供先」という。)又は当該役務提供先の事業に従事する場合におけるその役員(法人の取締役、執行役、会計参与、監査役、理事、監事及び清算人並びにこれら以外の者で法令(法律及び法律に基づく命令をいう。以下同じ。)の規定に基づき法人の経営に従事している者(会計監査人を除く。)をいう。以下同じ。)、従業員、代理人その他の者について通報対象事実が生じ、又はまさに生じようとしている旨を、当該役務提供先若しくは当該役務提供先があらかじめ定めた者(以下「役務提供先等」という。)、当該通報対象事実について処分(命令、取消しその他公権力の行使に当たる行為をいう。以下同じ。)若しくは勧告等(勧告その他処分に当たらない行為をいう。以下同じ。)をする権限を有する行政機関若しくは当該行政機関があらかじめ定めた者(次条第二号及び第六条第二号において「行政機関等」という。)又はその者に対し当該通報対象事実を通報することがその発生若しくはこれによる被害の拡大を防止するために必要であると認められる者(当該通報対象事実により被害を受け又は受けるおそれがある者を含み、当該役務提供先の競争上の地位その他正当な利益を害するおそれがある者を除く。次条第三号及び第六条第三号において同じ。)に通報すること
わかりやすく言うと
労働者、派遣労働者、役員など、不正な目的でなく、自分の勤め先などの事業者やその役員・従業員などについて通報対象事実が生じ、又は生じようとしていることを、その事業者等、処分などの権限のある行政機関等、又は被害の発生や拡大の防止に必要と認められる一定の者に知らせることです。
定義第二条第一項
勧告その他処分に当たらない行為
わかりやすく言うと
勧告など、処分(命令や取消しなど公権力の行使に当たる行為)には当たらない行為のことです。
略称規定第二条第一項
この法律において「公益通報」とは、次の各号に掲げる者が、不正の利益を得る目的、他人に損害を加える目的その他の不正の目的でなく、当該各号に定める事業者(法人その他の団体及び事業を行う個人をいう。以下同じ。)(以下「役務提供先」という。)又は…
わかりやすく言うと
公益通報をする人ごとに定められた事業者で、労働者なら自分を使用し、又は通報の日前一年以内に使用していた事業者、派遣労働者なら派遣を受け、又は一年以内に受けていた事業者、役員なら職務を行わせる事業者などです。
略称規定第二条第一項
…従業員、代理人その他の者について通報対象事実が生じ、又はまさに生じようとしている旨を、当該役務提供先若しくは当該役務提供先があらかじめ定めた者(以下「役務提供先等」という。)…
わかりやすく言うと
公益通報をする人の勤め先などにあたる事業者(役務提供先)と、その事業者があらかじめ定めた者のことです。
略称規定第二条第一項・この規定及び第三条第一項第二号及び第六条第一項第二号の中だけ
この法律において「公益通報」とは、次の各号に掲げる者が、不正の利益を得る目的、他人に損害を加える目的その他の不正の目的でなく、当該各号に定める事業者(法人その他の団体及び事業を行う個人をいう。以下同じ。)(以下「役務提供先」という。)又は…
わかりやすく言うと
通報対象事実について処分や勧告などをする権限を持つ行政機関と、その行政機関があらかじめ定めた者のことです。
定義第二条第一項第一号
労働基準法(昭和二十二年法律第四十九号)第九条に規定する労働者
わかりやすく言うと
職業の種類を問わず、事業や事務所に使用され、賃金を支払われる人のことです(労働基準法第九条)。
定義第二条第一項第二号・この規定及び第四条及び第五条第二項の中だけ
同条第一号に規定する労働者派遣
わかりやすく言うと
自分が雇う労働者を、その雇用関係のまま他人の指揮命令を受けてその他人のために働かせることです。その他人に雇わせる約束をしてするものは含みません(労働者派遣法第二条第一号)。
略称規定第二条第一項第二号・この規定及び第四条の中だけ
派遣労働者(労働者派遣事業の適正な運営の確保及び派遣労働者の保護等に関する法律(昭和六十年法律第八十八号。第四条において「労働者派遣法」という。)第二条第二号に規定する派遣労働者をいう。以下同じ。)又は派遣労働者であった者 当該派遣労働者…
わかりやすく言うと
労働者派遣事業の適正な運営の確保及び派遣労働者の保護等に関する法律(昭和六十年法律第八十八号)を短く呼んだ名前です。
定義第二条第一項第二号
労働者派遣事業の適正な運営の確保及び派遣労働者の保護等に関する法律(昭和六十年法律第八十八号。第四条において「労働者派遣法」という。)第二条第二号に規定する派遣労働者
わかりやすく言うと
事業主が雇用する労働者で、労働者派遣の対象となる人のことです(労働者派遣法第二条第二号)。
定義第二条第三項・法令全体に適用
次の各号のいずれかの事実
わかりやすく言うと
この法律と、生命や財産などを守るため別表に挙げる法律(命令を含む)に定める犯罪行為の事実や過料の理由とされる事実です。別表の法律に基づく処分に違反するとそうした事実となる場合のその処分の理由となる事実も含み、その理由が別の処分への違反や勧告などに従わないことなら、それらの理由となる事実も含みます。
定義第二条第四項・法令全体に適用
次に掲げる機関
わかりやすく言うと
内閣府、宮内庁、デジタル庁、国の省・委員会・庁、内閣の所轄の下の機関、これらに置かれる機関、法律上独立に権限を行使する職員と、議会を除く地方公共団体の機関です。復興庁が廃止されるまでは復興庁も含みます。
定義第六条第一項第二号イ・この規定及び第六条第一項第三号イの中だけ
善良な管理者と同一の注意をもって行う、通報対象事実の調査及びその是正のために必要な措置
略称規定第九条第一項・この条の中だけ
…国会職員法(昭和二十二年法律第八十五号)の適用を受ける国会職員、自衛隊法(昭和二十九年法律第百六十五号)第二条第五項に規定する隊員及び一般職の地方公務員(以下この条において「一般職の国家公務員等」という。)に対する免職その他不利益な取扱…
わかりやすく言うと
一般職の国家公務員、裁判所職員臨時措置法が適用される裁判所職員、国会職員法が適用される国会職員、自衛隊法に定める隊員、一般職の地方公務員をまとめた呼び方です。公益通報を理由とする免職などの禁止には、第三条から第五条ではなく国家公務員法、国会職員法、自衛隊法、地方公務員法が適用されます。
略称規定第十一条第一項・この規定及び第十二条の中だけ
事業者は、第三条第一号及び第六条第一号に定める公益通報を受け、並びに当該公益通報に係る通報対象事実の調査をし、及びその是正に必要な措置をとる業務(次条において「公益通報対応業務」という。)に従事する者(次条において「公益通報対応業務従事者…
わかりやすく言うと
事業者自身やその事業者があらかじめ定めた者に対してされた公益通報を受け付け、通報された事実を調べ、それを正すために必要な措置をとる業務のことです。
略称規定第十一条第一項・この規定及び第十二条の中だけ
事業者は、第三条第一号及び第六条第一号に定める公益通報を受け、並びに当該公益通報に係る通報対象事実の調査をし、及びその是正に必要な措置をとる業務(次条において「公益通報対応業務」という。)に従事する者(次条において「公益通報対応業務従事者…
わかりやすく言うと
事業者自身やその事業者があらかじめ定めた者に対してされた公益通報を受け付け、通報された事実を調べ、それを正すために必要な措置をとる業務に従事する人として、事業者が定めた人のことです。
略称規定第十一条第四項・この条の中だけ
内閣総理大臣は、第一項及び第二項(これらの規定を前項の規定により読み替えて適用する場合を含む。)の規定に基づき事業者がとるべき措置に関して、その適切かつ有効な実施を図るために必要な指針(以下この条において単に「指針」という。)を定めるもの…
わかりやすく言うと
公益通報対応業務に従事する人を定めることや、公益通報に適切に対応する体制を整えることなど、事業者がとるべき措置について、その適切で有効な実施のために内閣総理大臣が定める指針のことです。
内閣
行政権を担う機関で、内閣総理大臣とその他の国務大臣で組織されます(第六十五条・第六十六条第一項)。法律の執行、外交関係の処理、予算の作成、政令の制定などを行い(第七十三条)、国会に対し連帯して責任を負います(第六十六条第三項)。衆議院で不信任の決議案が可決されたときは、十日以内に衆議院が解散されない限り総辞職しなければなりません(第六十九条)。
日本国憲法第65条・第66条・第69条・第73条、Wikipedia「内閣」を参考にAIが作成。
監査役
株式会社の役員の一つで、株主総会の決議で選任され(会社法第三百二十九条第一項)、取締役の職務の執行を監査して監査報告を作成します(第三百八十一条第一項)。外部の会計専門家である会計監査人とは別の機関で、その会社や子会社の取締役・使用人などを兼ねることはできません(第三百三十五条第二項)。任期は原則として、選任後四年以内に終了する事業年度のうち最終のものに関する定時株主総会の終結の時までです(第三百三十六条第一項)。
会社法第329条・第335条・第336条・第381条、Wikipedia「監査役」を参考にAIが作成。
消費者委員会
内閣府に置かれる委員会です(消費者庁及び消費者委員会設置法第六条第一項)。内閣総理大臣が任命する十人以内の委員で組織し、委員は独立してその職権を行います(消費者庁及び消費者委員会設置法第七条・第九条第一項・第十条第一項)。消費者の利益の擁護と増進、景品類等の適正化、物価などに関する重要事項について、自ら調査審議して内閣総理大臣、関係各大臣または消費者庁長官に建議し、また、その諮問に応じて調査審議します。消費者庁及び消費者委員会設置法第六条第二項第四号に掲げる法律によってその権限とされた事項も処理します(消費者庁及び消費者委員会設置法第六条第二項第一号・第二号・第四号)。不当景品類及び不当表示防止法では、内閣総理大臣は、景品類や表示の指定、景品類の制限や禁止をしようとするときは、消費者委員会の意見を聴かなければなりません(不当景品類及び不当表示防止法第三条・第六条)。特定商取引に関する法律では、主務大臣は、一定の政令の制定や改廃の立案をしようとするときは、消費者委員会に諮問しなければなりません(特定商取引に関する法律第六十四条)。
消費者庁及び消費者委員会設置法第6条・第7条・第9条・第10条、不当景品類及び不当表示防止法第3条・第6条、特定商取引に関する法律第64条を参考にAIが作成。
取締役
株式会社の役員の一つで、株主総会の決議で選任されます(会社法第三百二十九条第一項)。株式会社には一人以上の取締役を置かなければなりません(第三百二十六条第一項)。取締役会を置かない会社では、定款に別段の定めがない限り取締役が業務を執行し(第三百四十八条第一項)、代表取締役など会社を代表する者を定めていなければ各自が会社を代表します(第三百四十九条第一項・第三項)。取締役会を置く会社では、取締役全員で取締役会を構成し、取締役会が業務執行を決定して、原則として取締役の中から代表取締役を選びます(第三百六十二条)。任期は原則として、選任後二年以内に終了する事業年度のうち最終のものに関する定時株主総会の終結の時までです(第三百三十二条第一項)。
会社法第326条・第329条・第332条・第348条・第349条・第362条、Wikipedia「取締役」を参考にAIが作成。
内閣総理大臣
内閣の首長です。国会議員の中から国会の議決で指名され、天皇が任命します(第六十七条第一項・第六条第一項)。国務大臣を任意に任命し罷免することができ、その過半数は国会議員でなければなりません(第六十八条)。国務大臣は、その在任中、内閣総理大臣の同意がなければ訴追されません(第七十五条)。
日本国憲法第6条・第67条・第68条・第75条、Wikipedia「内閣総理大臣」を参考にAIが作成。
無効
初めから法律上の効力がないことです。無効な行為は、追認しても効力を生じず、無効であることを知って追認したときは新たな行為をしたものとみなされます(民法第百十九条)。公の秩序又は善良の風俗に反する法律行為は無効です(同法第九十条)。また、一方を守るための法律の中には、その保護を失わせる定めを無効とするものがあります。借地権の存続期間や更新についての借地借家法の定めに反する特約で借地人に不利なもの(借地借家法第九条)、事業者の債務不履行により消費者に生じた損害を賠償する責任の全部を免除する消費者契約の条項(消費者契約法第八条第一項第一号)、労働基準法で定める基準に達しない労働条件を定める労働契約の部分(労働基準法第十三条。無効となった部分は同法の基準によります)がその例です。
民法第90条・第119条、借地借家法第9条、消費者契約法第8条、労働基準法第13条を参考にAIが作成。