When any one of the following persons, for the purpose of promoting the person's own interest or the interest of a third party or inflicting damage on a stock company, commits an act in breach of the person's duties and causes financial damages to relevant stock company, the person is punished by imprisonment for not more than ten years or a fine of not more than ten million yen, or both:
次に掲げる者が、自己若しくは第三者の利益を図り又は株式会社に損害を加える目的で、その任務に背く行為をし、当該株式会社に財産上の損害を加えたときは、十年以下の拘禁刑若しくは千万円以下の罰金に処し、又はこれを併科する。
an incorporator;
発起人
a director, accounting advisor, company auditor or executive officer;
取締役、会計参与、監査役又は執行役
a person to perform duties on behalf of a director, company auditor or executive officer who has been appointed based on a provisional disposition order under the provisions of Article 56 of the Civil Provisional Remedies Act;
民事保全法第五十六条に規定する仮処分命令により選任された取締役、監査役又は執行役の職務を代行する者
a person who is temporarily to perform the duties of a director (in cases of a company with audit and supervisory committee, a director who is an audit and supervisory committee member or other director), accounting advisor, company auditor, representative director, committee member (meaning a member of a nominating committee, audit committee, or remuneration committee), executive officer or representative executive officer appointed pursuant to the provisions of Article 346, paragraph (2), Article 351, paragraph (2) or Article 401, paragraph (3) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 403, paragraph (3) and Article 420, paragraph (3));
第三百四十六条第二項、第三百五十一条第二項又は第四百一条第三項（第四百三条第三項及び第四百二十条第三項において準用する場合を含む。）の規定により選任された一時取締役（監査等委員会設置会社にあっては、監査等委員である取締役又はそれ以外の取締役）、会計参与、監査役、代表取締役、委員（指名委員会、監査委員会又は報酬委員会の委員をいう。）、執行役又は代表執行役の職務を行うべき者
a manager;
支配人
an employee to whom the authority of a certain kind of matter or a specific matter concerning business has been delegated; or
事業に関するある種類又は特定の事項の委任を受けた使用人
an inspector.
検査役
The provisions of the preceding paragraph also apply when any one of the following persons, for the purpose of promoting the person's own interest or the interest of a third party or inflicting damage on a liquidating stock company, commits an act in breach of the person's duties and causes financial damages to relevant liquidating stock company:
a liquidator of the liquidating stock company;
清算株式会社の清算人
a person to perform duties on behalf of a liquidator of the liquidating stock company who has been appointed based on a provisional disposition order under the provisions of Article 56 of the Civil Provisional Remedies Act;
民事保全法第五十六条に規定する仮処分命令により選任された清算株式会社の清算人の職務を代行する者
a person who is temporarily to perform the duties of a liquidator or representative liquidator appointed pursuant to the provisions of Article 346, paragraph (2) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 479, paragraph (4) or Article 351, paragraph (2) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 483, paragraph (6);
第四百七十九条第四項において準用する第三百四十六条第二項又は第四百八十三条第六項において準用する第三百五十一条第二項の規定により選任された一時清算人又は代表清算人の職務を行うべき者
a liquidator's agent;
清算人代理
a supervisor; or
監督委員
an investigator.
調査委員
Read this with the articles around it
company with audit and supervisory committee
「監査等委員会設置会社」
A stock company that has an audit and supervisory committee, made up of directors.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (1), item (xi-2)· applies throughout the law
director at incorporation
「設立時取締役」
A person who is to become a director when the stock company is formed.
Defined inArticle 38, paragraph (1)
audit and supervisory committee membermachine translation
「監査等委員」
A member of the audit and supervisory committee of a company with audit and supervisory committee.
Defined inArticle 38, paragraph (2)
company auditor at incorporationmachine translation
「設立時監査役」
A person who is to become a company auditor when the stock company is formed.
Defined inArticle 38, paragraph (3), item (ii)
representative director
「代表取締役」
A director who represents a stock company, acting in its name toward everyone else.
Defined inArticle 47, paragraph (1)
liquidating stock companies
「清算株式会社」
A stock company that is being wound up, which is treated as still existing for the purposes of the liquidation until the liquidation is completed.
Short name set inArticle 476, paragraph (1)
representative liquidatormachine translation
「代表清算人」
A liquidator who represents a stock company that is being wound up (a liquidating stock company).
Defined inArticle 483, paragraph (1)
company auditor
監査役
An officer of a stock company, elected by the shareholders meeting (Companies Act, Article 329, paragraph (1)), whose job is to audit how the directors carry out their duties and to write an audit report on it (Article 381, paragraph (1)). Not an outside accountant — that is the financial auditor (会計監査人) — and not a director: a company auditor may not also be a director or employee of the company or its subsidiaries (Article 335, paragraph (2)). The term normally runs to the annual shareholders meeting for the last business year ending within four years of election (Article 336, paragraph (1)).
Written by AI using Companies Act, Arts. 329, 335, 336, 381 as a reference.
fine
罰金
A criminal punishment of paying money to the state, of 10,000 yen or more, or less where it is reduced (Penal Code, Article 15). It ranks below imprisonment (拘禁刑) and above penal detention (拘留) and a petty fine (科料) (Articles 9 and 10, paragraph (1)). A person who cannot pay it in full is held in a workhouse (労役場) for one day to two years, or up to three years where fines are imposed together, a period set when the sentence is passed (Article 18, paragraphs (1), (3) and (4)); not within thirty days of the sentence becoming final without the person's consent (paragraph (5)). If it is not enforced for three years after the sentence becomes final, the person is released from it by prescription (Articles 31 and 32, item (v)); the three years do not run while its execution is suspended under law or the person is abroad, and an act of execution interrupts them (Articles 33 and 34, paragraph (2)).
Written by AI using Penal Code, Arts. 9, 10, 15, 18, 31 to 34 as a reference.
director
取締役
An officer of a stock company, elected by the shareholders meeting (Companies Act, Article 329, paragraph (1)). Every stock company has at least one (Article 326, paragraph (1)). Where there is no board of directors, the directors run the company's business unless the articles of incorporation say otherwise (Article 348, paragraph (1)), and each of them represents it unless the company has chosen representative directors (代表取締役) or others to do that (Article 349, paragraphs (1) and (3)). Where there is a board (取締役会, board of directors), the directors are its members, and the board decides the business and normally chooses the representative directors from among them (Article 362). The term normally runs to the annual shareholders meeting for the last business year ending within two years of election (Article 332, paragraph (1)).
Written by AI using Companies Act, Arts. 326, 329, 332, 348, 349, 362 as a reference.
imprisonment
拘禁刑
The punishment of being held in a penal institution (刑事施設), for life or for a fixed term of one month to twenty years (Penal Code, Article 12, paragraphs (1) and (2)); a fixed term can be raised to thirty years where the punishment is aggravated, or cut below one month where it is reduced (Article 14, paragraph (2)). To help the person reform and rehabilitate, they may be made to do work or given guidance (Article 12, paragraph (3)). It ranks below the death penalty and above a fine (罰金) among the principal punishments (Articles 9 and 10, paragraph (1)). It replaced imprisonment with work (懲役) and imprisonment without work (禁錮) when the Act Partially Amending the Penal Code, etc. (Act No. 67 of 2022) came into force (Act No. 67 of 2022, Article 2), and a person sentenced to either is treated, for the rules on a person's qualifications, as sentenced to imprisonment for the same term (Act No. 68 of 2022, Article 443, paragraph (1)).
Written by AI using Penal Code, Arts. 9, 10, 12, 14, Act No. 67 of 2022, Art. 2 and Act No. 68 of 2022, Art. 443 as a reference.