A person must not ride a bicycle that is likely to pose a traffic hazard because it lacks braking equipment that conforms to the standards Cabinet Office Order prescribes.
A person must not ride a bicycle at night (or as prescribed in the second sentence of Article 52, paragraph (1)) if it lacks reflective equipment that conforms to the standards Cabinet Office Order prescribes; provided, however, that this does not apply if a bicycle has taillights turned on pursuant to the first sentence of Article 52, paragraph (1).
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(Vehicle and Streetcar Lights)
When traveling on a road at night (meaning the period from sunset to sunrise; the same applies hereinafter in this Article and Article 63-9, paragraph (2)), a vehicle must have its headlights…
車両等は、夜間（日没時から日出時までの時間をいう。以下この条及び第六十三条の九第二項において同じ。）、道路にあるときは、政令で定めるところにより、前照灯、車幅灯、尾灯その他の灯火をつけなければならない。政令で定める場合においては、夜間以外の時間にあつても、同様とする。
Open this provisionbicyclemachine translation
「自転車」
A vehicle with two or more wheels driven by human power through pedals or hand cranks and not running on rails, other than vehicles for persons with physical disabilities (身体障害者用の車), children's vehicles and walking-aid carts (歩行補助車等); it includes power-assisted ones meeting a Cabinet Office Order (内閣府令) standard, but not small mobility vehicles (移動用小型車) or ones that can be driven by remote operation.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (1), item (xi-2)· applies throughout the law
drivingmachine translation
「運転」
Using a vehicle or streetcar on a road as it is meant to be used, including moving a motor vehicle or motorized bicycle by pedals or other human-powered gear it has besides its motor, but not specified automated operation (特定自動運行).
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (1), item (xvii)· applies throughout the law
drivermachine translation
「運転者」
The person driving a vehicle or streetcar (車両等).
Short name set inArticle 2, paragraph (1), item (xviii)
night
「夜間」
The time from sunset to sunrise.
Defined inArticle 52, paragraph (1)· applies only in this article and in Article 63-9, paragraph (2)