①A vehicle (other than a trolleybus; the same applies hereinafter in this Article and paragraph (1) of the following Article) must not enter a railway track bed, except when driving across it in order to turn left, turn right, cut across the road, or make a U-turn, or unless the driver is compelled to do so in order to prevent a hazard.

②Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, a vehicle may enter a track bed in the cases set forth in the following items. In such a case, the vehicle must not prevent streetcars from proceeding:

③If a streetcar approaches from behind while a vehicle is proceeding down a track bed, the driver of the vehicle must promptly move off the track bed or maintain the necessary distance from the streetcar so as not to obstruct its regular operation.

①A vehicle must not exceed the posted maximum speed limit when traveling on a road where a maximum speed limit is specified by road signs or markings, and must not exceed the maximum speed limit prescribed by Cabinet Order when traveling on any other road.

②A streetcar or trolleybus must not exceed the posted maximum speed limit when traveling on a road where a maximum speed limit below that which has been prescribed by an order based on Article 14 (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 31 of that Act; the same applies in Article 62) of the Railway Track Act (Act No. 76 of 1921) is specified by road signs or markings, and must not exceed the maximum speed limit prescribed by such an order on any other road.

①If the driver of a vehicle violates the preceding Article (hereinafter referred to in this Article and Article 75-2, paragraph (1) as committing a "violation (of the maximum speed limit)") in connection with the services of the vehicle's user(other than the selfsame driver of the vehicle; the same applies hereinafter in this Article), and the user of the vehicle in which the violation occurs is found not to be undertaking the necessary operational management to prevent such violations from occurring in that vehicle, the public safety commission with jurisdiction over the vehicle's base of operations may instruct the user to direct or advise its drivers to drive in a way that does not violate the maximum speed limit, and may instruct the user to take other measures that are needed for preventing violations of the maximum speed limit.

②If the user of a vehicle that is subject to instructions as under the preceding paragraph is a motor carrier as prescribed in the Road Transportation Act, a person engaged in Type II cargo transportation services as prescribed in the Cargo Forwarder Service Act (Act No. 82 of 1989), or a track operator as prescribed in the Railway Track Act (but only a trolleybus operator), the instructions must be issued based on an agreement entered into in advance between the public safety commission and the administrative agency that supervises its services.

When proceeding down a road (other than the main roadway of a national expressway as prescribed in Article 75-4) where a minimum speed limit is specified by road signs or markings, a motor vehicle must not travel at a speed below that minimum speed limit, except when the driver reduces speed pursuant to laws and regulations or is compelled to do so in order to prevent a hazard.

The driver of a vehicle or streetcar must not suddenly apply the brakes in a way that causes the vehicle or streetcar to stop suddenly or sharply reduce speed, unless compelled to do so in order to prevent a hazard.

①To make a left turn and exit the road, a driver must bring a vehicle as close as possible to the left edge of the road beforehand and reduce speed.

②To make a right turn and exit the road, a driver must bring a vehicle (other than a specified small motorized bicycle or light road vehicle, or a trolleybus) as close as possible to the center of the road beforehand (or as close as possible to the right edge of the road, if the road is a one-way street) and drive at reduced speed.

③Once the driver of a vehicle indicates the intention to make a left or right turn in order to exit the road and brings the vehicle towards the left edge, center, or right edge of the road pursuant to the preceding two paragraphs, the driver of a vehicle behind the turning vehicle must not obstruct the course of the turning vehicle unless avoiding this would make the driver have to suddenly change speed or direction.

①The driver of a vehicle must not make a left or right turn, cut across a road, make a U-turn, or back up in order to enter a facility or place adjoining a road if doing so would likely obstruct the normal flow of pedestrian or other vehicle or streetcar traffic.

②The driver of a vehicle must not cut across a road, make a U-turn, or back up on a part of the road where doing so is prohibited by road signs or markings.

When proceeding down the road in a vehicle or streetcar immediately behind another vehicle or streetcar on the same course, the driver must maintain the distance that would be necessary to allow the driver to avoid a collision even if the vehicle or streetcar traveling immediately in front of it were to stop suddenly.

①The driver of a vehicle must not change course without due cause.

②The driver of a vehicle must not change course if this would likely cause a sudden change of speed or direction by a vehicle or streetcar that is approaching from behind on the same course that the driver would be on after changing course.

③Except in the following cases, when proceeding down a vehicle traffic lane demarcated with road markings to show that a change of course is prohibited for vehicles in that lane, the driver of a vehicle must not change course beyond where those road markings start:

①When a second vehicle subject to a higher maximum speed limit as prescribed by Cabinet Order based on Article 22, paragraph (1) (hereinafter referred to in this Article as the "maximum speed limit") catches up with a first vehicle (other than a motor vehicle that a provider of motor carrier services for ride-sharing by general passengers as prescribed in Article 9, paragraph (1) of the Road Transportation Act uses for scheduled transportation on a fixed route as prescribed in Article 5, paragraph (1), item (iii) of that Act or a motor vehicle used for motor carrier services open to specific passengers as prescribed in Article 3, item (ii) of that Act (hereinafter referred to as a "bus"), and other than a trolleybus), the first vehicle must not increase its speed until the second vehicle has finished passing it. The same applies when a second vehicle that is subject to the same or a lower maximum speed limit catches up to a first vehicle, if the driver of the first vehicle seeks to continue to travel at a lower speed than the second vehicle.

②Notwithstanding Article 18, paragraph (1), unless a road has vehicle traffic lanes, if a second vehicle subject to a higher maximum speed limit catches up with a first vehicle (other than a bus or trolleybus) and there is insufficient room between the center of the road (or the right edge of the road, if the road is a one-way street; the same applies hereinafter in this paragraph) and the first vehicle for the second vehicle to pass, the driver of the first vehicle must give way to the second vehicle by bringing the first vehicle as close as possible to the left edge of the road. The same applies when a second vehicle that is subject to the same or a lower maximum speed limit catches up to a first vehicle, if the driver of the first vehicle seeks to continue to travel at a lower speed than the second vehicle and there is insufficient room between the center of the road and the first vehicle for the second vehicle to pass.

①When attempting to pass another vehicle, the driver of a vehicle must keep to the right side of the vehicle that the driver is attempting to pass (hereinafter referred to in this Section as the "leading vehicle").

②Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, when attempting to pass a leading vehicle that is traveling close to the center or the right edge of a road pursuant to Article 25, paragraph (2) or Article 34, paragraph (2) or (4), the driver of a vehicle must keep to the left side of the leading vehicle.

③When attempting to pass a streetcar, the driver of a vehicle must keep to the left side of the streetcar; provided, however, that this does not apply if the track runs along the left edge of the road.

④In the cases referred to in the preceding three paragraphs, the driver of a vehicle that is attempting to pass another vehicle (referred to in the following Article as the "trailing vehicle") must pay due attention to the traffic coming from the opposite direction and from behind it and the traffic ahead of the leading vehicle or streetcar, and must proceed at the safest possible speed and in the safest possible manner, in keeping with the speed and course of the leading vehicle or streetcar and the road conditions.

A trailing vehicle must not start to pass a leading vehicle when the leading vehicle is attempting to pass another motor vehicle or trolleybus.

A vehicle must not change course or go past the side of a leading vehicle in order to pass another vehicle (other than a specified small motorized bicycle or light road vehicle) on a part of the road where passing is prohibited by road signs or markings or on any of the following other parts of the road:

Having caught up with a streetcar that has stopped to load or unload passengers, the driver of a vehicle must stop behind the streetcar until it finishes loading and unloading passengers and until all persons who have alighted from the streetcar have finished crossing or are no longer trying to cross ahead of the vehicle on the left side of the streetcar; provided, however, that, if there is a safety zone in place to ensure the safety of persons boarding and alighting from a streetcar or if no person is boarding or alighting from a streetcar and it is possible to maintain a distance of at least 1.5 meters from the left side of the streetcar, a vehicle may pass the streetcar on its left side at a reduced speed.

Once the driver of a bus that has been stopped at a bus stop to load or unload passengers gives a hand or turn signal to indicate the intention to change course in order to depart, the driver of a vehicle behind the bus must not obstruct its change of course unless avoiding this would make the driver have to suddenly change speed or direction.

Having caught up with a vehicle or streetcar that is stopped or driving at a reduced speed in order to stop pursuant to laws and regulations, in compliance with a police officer's orders, or to prevent a hazard; or having caught up with another vehicle or streetcar that is stopped or driving at a reduced speed behind a leading vehicle or streetcar, the driver of a vehicle must not pass on the left side of the leading vehicle or streetcar or pull in front of or cross ahead of the vehicle or streetcar