①The chief of the police station may ask a corporation registered by the public safety commission to handle all or part of the administrative processes involved in checking for abandoned vehicles, confirming that vehicles have been abandoned, and attaching marks to them as prescribed in Article 51-4, paragraph (1) (hereinafter these actions are referred to as "checking for, confirming, and marking abandoned vehicles") (hereinafter these administrative processes are referred to as "checking and confirmation processes").

②Registration as referred to in the preceding paragraph (hereinafter referred to from this Article through Article 51-11 as "registration") is carried out at the application of a corporation that has been asked to handle the checking and confirmation processes and that seeks to handle them.

③A corporation as referred to in one of the following items may not be registered:

④The public safety commission must register a corporation that has applied for the registration pursuant to paragraph (2) if it conforms to all of the following requirements:

⑤A registration must give the name of the registered corporation, the name of its representative, the locality of its principal office, the date of the registration, and the registration number.

⑥Unless a registration is renewed by the end of each period as prescribed by Cabinet Order, it becomes invalid once that period passes.

⑦The provisions of paragraphs (2) through (5) apply mutatis mutandis to the renewal of a registration as referred to in the preceding paragraph.

If a public safety commission finds that a registered corporation has ceased to conform to one of the items under paragraph (4) of the preceding Article, it must order that corporation to take necessary measures to conform to that item.

If one of the following items applies to a registered corporation, the public safety commission may revoke its registration:

①A public safety commission may have a registered corporation report on its operational or accounting status or have a police official enter the office of a registered corporation and inspect its operational status, books, documents and other articles, but only so far as is necessary for enforcing Article 51-8 through the preceding Article.

②Police officials conducting on-site inspections pursuant to the preceding paragraph must carry identification and present it at the request of a relevant person.

③The authority for an on-site inspection under paragraph (1) must not be construed as authorizing a criminal investigation.

①Having asked a person to handle the checking and confirmation processes pursuant to Article 51-8, paragraph (1), the chief of a police station must issue public notice giving the name of the person undertaking to handle these processes (hereinafter referred to as the "agency in charge of checking for abandoned vehicles"), the locality of its principal office, and the information that Cabinet Order prescribes.

②An agency in charge of checking for abandoned vehicles must undertake the checking and confirmation processes fairly and in a way that conforms to the requirements set forth in Article 51-8, paragraph (4), items (i) and (ii).

③An agency in charge of checking for abandoned vehicles must not allow a person other than a parking inspector selected from among parking inspectors that have been issued certificates as referred to in paragraph (1) of the following Article to check for, confirm, or mark abandoned vehicles.

④An agency in charge of checking for abandoned vehicles must not have parking inspectors check for, confirm, or mark abandoned vehicles unless they are made to wear uniforms or otherwise indicate that they are parking inspectors, and unless they are made to wear badges in the form prescribed by Rules of the National Public Safety Commission.

⑤A parking inspector must carry a parking inspector certificate as referred to in paragraph (1) of the following Article when checking for, confirming, or marking abandoned vehicles, and must present it at the request of an officer.

⑥It is prohibited for a current or former officer or employee of the agency in charge of checking for abandoned vehicles (including parking inspectors; the same applies in the following paragraph) to divulge confidential information learned in connection with the checking and confirmation processes.

⑦To apply the Penal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907) and the penal provisions of any other laws and regulations, officers and staff members of the agency in charge of checking for abandoned vehicles that are engaged in checking and confirmation processes are deemed to be officials engaged in public service pursuant to laws and regulations.

⑧To apply Article 51-4, paragraph (1) pursuant to Article 51-8, paragraph (1) if a person has been asked to handle checking and confirmation processes, the term "an officer" in that paragraph is deemed to be replaced with "an officer or an agency in charge of checking for abandoned vehicles as prescribed in Article 51-12, paragraph (1)".

①The public safety commission issues a parking inspector certificate to a person falling under both of the following items:

②If a public safety commission finds that any one of the following items applies to a person who has been issued a parking inspector certificate, it may order the person to return the parking inspector certificate issued thereto:

Beyond what is prescribed in Article 51-8 through the preceding Article, the Rules of the National Public Safety Commission provide for the necessary particulars concerning the procedure for asking others to handle checking and confirmation processes and parking inspector certificates.

①A public safety commission may ask a company or other corporation to handle all or part of the administrative processes related to abandonment penalties as prescribed in Article 51-4 (other than checking and confirmation processes, payment orders, demands, and measures to collect arrears).

②It is prohibited for the current or former officer or employee of a corporation that has been asked to handle administrative processes by the public safety commission pursuant to the preceding paragraph to divulge confidential information learned in connection with those processes.

①When traveling on a road at night (meaning the period from sunset to sunrise; the same applies hereinafter in this Article and Article 63-9, paragraph (2)), a vehicle must have its headlights, road lights, taillights, and other lights turned on pursuant to Cabinet Order. The same applies at times other than night in cases that Cabinet Order prescribes.

②The driver of a vehicle or streetcar must turn off or reduce the brightness of its lights or otherwise operate them in accordance with Cabinet Order at night (or in a case as referred to in second sentence of the preceding paragraph) when there is an oncoming vehicle or streetcar and when traveling behind another vehicle or streetcar, if the brightness of those lights are likely to interfere with vehicle or streetcar traffic.

①When turning left, turning right, making a U-turn, driving slowly, stopping, backing up, or changing course while proceeding in the same direction, the driver of a vehicle (other than a light road vehicle that is not a bicycle; the same applies in paragraphs (2) and (4)) must signal by hand, turn signal, or turn light, and must continue to signal until the action is completed.

②Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, when leaving a roundabout or when slowing down, stopping, or backing up in a roundabout, the driver of a vehicle in the roundabout must signal by hand, turn signal, or turn light and must continue to give the signal until the action is completed.

③Cabinet Order provides for the necessary particulars as regards when and how to signal as referred to in the preceding two paragraphs.

④Having completed an action provided for in paragraph (1) or (2), the driver of a vehicle must stop signaling; the driver of a vehicle must not signal if not taking the action for which one of those paragraphs prescribes that signal.