①A public safety commission must grant a license to a person who has passed the driver's license test referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article (limited to a person who took the fitness test for that driver's license test less than one year previously, in the case of a class 1 license or class 2 license, or less than three months previously, in the case of a provisional license, and, where the person took that driver's license test under the application of the proviso to Article 96, paragraph (1), limited to a person who has reached 18 years of age); provided, however, that, if the person falls under one of the following items, the public safety commission may refrain from granting the person a license (other than a provisional license; the same applies hereinafter in this paragraph through paragraph (12)), or may withhold a license from the person for a period not exceeding six months, in keeping with the criteria that Cabinet Order prescribes:

②Notwithstanding the main clause of the preceding paragraph, a public safety commission may refuse to grant a license, in accordance with the standards that Cabinet Order prescribes, to a person as referred to in one of the following items:

③The proviso to paragraph (1) does not apply to a person falling under item (iv) of that paragraph to whom Article 102-2 applies (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 107-4-2; the same applies in Article 108-2, paragraph (1) and Article 108-3-2) unless the period prescribed in Article 102-2 passes without the person undergoing the training prescribed in that Article.

④Before denying or withholding a license pursuant to the proviso to paragraph (1), or before denying a license pursuant to paragraph (2), a public safety commission must first notify the person who has passed the driver's license test of the date, time, and place for giving an explanation and the reason that the measure would be taken, and provide the person with an opportunity to submit an explanation of the matter at issue and evidence in the person's favor.

⑤If, after a public safety commission grants a person a license, it becomes clear that the person fell under paragraph (1), item (iv), (v), or (vi) before having been granted the license, the commission may revoke that license or suspend it for a period of up to six months that it fixes, in accordance with the standards that Cabinet Order prescribes.

⑥If, after a public safety commission grants a person a license, it becomes clear that the person fell under one of the items of paragraph (2) before having been granted the license, the commission may revoke that license.

⑦The provisions of paragraphs (3) and (4) apply mutatis mutandis to measures taken pursuant to paragraph (5) and the preceding two paragraphs. In such a case, the phrases "the proviso to paragraph (1)" and "item (iv) of that paragraph" in paragraph (3) are deemed to be replaced with "paragraph (5)" and "paragraph (1), item (iv)", respectively, and the phrases "the proviso to paragraph (1)" and "paragraph (2)" in paragraph (4) are deemed to be replaced with "the following paragraph" and "paragraph (6)", respectively.

⑧If a public safety commission withholds a license pursuant to the proviso to paragraph (1) on the grounds that the person to whom the license would be granted falls under any of items (i) through (iii) of that paragraph, and if it finds that it is necessary to do so, it may order the person to undergo fitness screening on a date and at a place it designates or to submit a medical certificate that meets the requirements that Cabinet Office Order prescribes by the deadline it designates.

⑨Having denied a person a license pursuant to the proviso to paragraph (1) (other than on the grounds that the person falls under item (iii) or (vii) of that paragraph) or revoked a license pursuant to paragraph (5), a public safety commission is to fix a period not exceeding five years, in accordance with the standards that Cabinet Order prescribes, during which the person subject to those measures may not be granted a license.

⑩Having denied a person a license pursuant to paragraph (2) or revoked a license pursuant to paragraph (6), a public safety commission is to fix a period not exceeding 10 years, in accordance with the standards that Cabinet Order prescribes, during which the person subject to those measures may not be granted a license.

⑪If, at the time a person's license is revoked or suspended pursuant to paragraph (5) or at the time a person's license is revoked pursuant to paragraph (6), the person's address is within the jurisdictional district of a public safety commission other than the one taking those measures, the public safety commission taking the measures must promptly notify the public safety commission with jurisdiction over the person's domicile that it has done so.

⑫If a person whose license has been withheld pursuant to the proviso to paragraph (1) (but only if the license is withheld on the grounds that the person falls under any of items (iv) through (vi) of that paragraph) or suspended pursuant to paragraph (5) completes the training set forth in Article 108-2, paragraph (1), item (iii), the public safety commission may shorten the withholding or suspension period within the scope that Cabinet Order prescribes.

⑬Notwithstanding the main text of paragraph (1), a public safety commission, in accordance with the standards that Cabinet Order prescribes, may refuse to grant a provisional license to a person who has passed a provisional driver's license test if that person falls under any of paragraph (1), items (i) through (ii).

⑭The provisions of paragraph (4) apply mutatis mutandis if a public safety commission denies a person a provisional license pursuant to the preceding paragraph. In such a case, the phrase "the proviso to paragraph (1)" in paragraph (4) is deemed to be replaced with "paragraph (13)".

①A person seeking a type of license set forth in one of the following items must undergo the training prescribed in the item; provided, however, that this does not apply to a person that Cabinet Order prescribes as not needing the training:

②If a person who has passed a driver's license test for one of the types of license set forth in the items under the preceding paragraph (other than a person that Cabinet Order prescribes as referred to in the proviso to that paragraph) has not undergone the training prescribed in the relevant item, the public safety commission may deny the person the license.

If a public safety commission finds it to be necessary to do so in order to prevent road hazards or otherwise ensure traffic safety, it may attach conditions to a license limiting the types of motor vehicle or motorized bicycle that the licensee may drive, attach other necessary conditions as regards the person's driving of a motor vehicle or motorized bicycle, or change those conditions, based on the licensee's physical condition or driving skills, but only so far as is necessary.

①A person who has obtained a license may apply to the public safety commission with jurisdiction over the person's domicile to have attached to the license, or to change, conditions, including a condition limiting the types of motor vehicles or motorized bicycles that the person may drive, that Cabinet Office Order prescribes as contributing to preventing traffic accidents or reducing damage caused by traffic accidents.

②A public safety commission that has received an application under the preceding paragraph is to attach conditions to the license subject to the application, or change the conditions attached to the license subject to the application, as provided by Cabinet Order.

③If an application for a change of conditions is made under paragraph (1) and a public safety commission finds it necessary, it may conduct an examination of the person who made the application as to whether it is appropriate to make the change.

④Beyond what is provided for in the preceding three paragraphs, Cabinet Office Order prescribes matters necessary for the granting and changing of license conditions under paragraph (2).

①Licensing is done by issuing a person a driver's license (hereinafter referred to as a "license"). In such a case, if two or more types of licensing that fall under the categories of class 1 or class 2 licenses are granted to the same person on the same day, a license for one type of licensing is to be issued with information about the other type of licensing inscribed on it, instead of separate licenses being issued for each type of licensing.

②When a person who currently holds a license is granted a license of a type different from that license's type, the license for the different type is to be issued with the matters pertaining to the license that the person currently holds inscribed on it, in exchange for the license that the person currently holds.