①This Act comes into effect on April 1, 2026; provided, however, that the provisions set forth in the following items come into effect on the dates specified respectively in those items:

②The provisions of Article 9, paragraph (1) of the Supplementary Provisions of the National Pension Act, as amended by the provisions of Article 1 (limited to the provisions amending that paragraph (excluding the part deleting "and item (iv)")), the provisions of Article 14, paragraph (1) of the Supplementary Provisions of the Employees' Pension Insurance Act as amended by the provisions of Article 2, and the provisions of Article 16, paragraph (2), item (i), (a) of the Social Security Agreements Special Provisions Act as amended by the provisions of Article 18, apply as from August 1, 2017.

①The government is to, promptly after this Act comes into effect, taking into consideration the state of enforcement, etc. of each Act as amended by this Act, from the viewpoint of further advancing efforts to make the public pension system sustainable over the long term, further strengthening its security function in response to changes in social and economic conditions, and ensuring fairness between and within generations, continue to examine the matters set forth in the items of Article 6, paragraph (2) of the Act on the Promotion of Reform to Establish a Sustainable Social Security System (Act No. 112 of 2013) and the strengthening of the income redistribution function of the public pension system and other necessary matters (excluding the matters specified in the following paragraph through paragraph (4)), with respect to the public pension system and systems related to it, and is to take necessary measures based on the results thereof.

②The government is to, in light of the state of enforcement of each Act as amended by this Act, the current state and outlook of finances prescribed in Article 4-3, paragraph (1) of the National Pension Act and the current state and outlook of finances prescribed in Article 2-4, paragraph (1) of the Employees' Pension Insurance Act, which are prepared for the first time on or after the date of promulgation of this Act, and other matters, while paying attention to the ideal form, etc. of the National Health Insurance system, continue to examine the scope of application of Employees' Pension Insurance and Health Insurance, and is to take necessary measures based on the results thereof.

③The government is to, in light of the actual state, etc. of employment among elderly persons, and in order to improve, etc. the benefit level of the basic pension in the future, examine extending the insured period of a category 1 insured person prescribed in Article 7, paragraph (1), item (i) of the National Pension Act, including measures for securing a stable financial resource to cover the required expenses, and is to take necessary measures based on the results thereof.

④The government, recognizing that a national debate is necessary concerning the ideal form of a category 3 insured person (meaning a category 3 insured person prescribed in Article 7, paragraph (1), item (iii) of the National Pension Act; hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph), is to conduct research on the actual circumstances of category 3 insured persons that will contribute to that debate, and is to examine their ideal form.

①The government is to, ascertaining future changes in social and economic conditions, where, in the current state and outlook of finances prescribed in Article 4-3, paragraph (1) of the National Pension Act and the current state and outlook of finances prescribed in Article 2-4, paragraph (1) of the Employees' Pension Insurance Act that are prepared for the first time on or after the date of promulgation of this Act, there is a significant difference between the outlook for the adjustment period prescribed in Article 16-2, paragraph (1) of the National Pension Act and the outlook for the adjustment period prescribed in Article 34, paragraph (1) of the Employees' Pension Insurance Act, and a decline in the benefit level of the old-age basic pension under the National Pension Act (hereinafter in this Article referred to simply as the "old-age basic pension") is expected due to a decline in the income redistribution function of the public pension system, take the legislative measures necessary to simultaneously end the adjustment under Article 16-2, paragraph (1) of the National Pension Act and the adjustment under Article 34, paragraph (1) of the Employees' Pension Insurance Act, in order to improve the future benefit level of the old-age basic pension for a person entitled to receive an old-age basic pension or an old-age employees' pension under the Employees' Pension Insurance Act (referred to simply as an "old-age employees' pension" in the following paragraph). In this case, the government is to examine the establishment of a sustainable public pension system in which benefits and burdens are balanced.

②The government is to, when taking the legislative measures under the preceding paragraph, if the total of the amount of the old-age basic pension and the amount of the old-age employees' pension is lower than the total of the amount of the old-age basic pension and the amount of the old-age employees' pension that would be paid if those measures had not been taken, take the legislative and other measures necessary to mitigate that effect.

②When the father or mother of a child who has the right to receive a survivors' basic pension (limited to one for which the ground for payment arose on or before the day preceding the effective date of item (viii)) (limited to a case where the whole amount of that survivors' basic pension had been suspended from payment, as of that same day, under Article 41, paragraph (2) of the National Pension Act before the amendment under item (viii)), and who shares a livelihood with that child, receives payment of a death lump-sum payment under the National Pension Act based on the same ground for payment as that survivors' basic pension, payment of that survivors' basic pension for months from and after April 2028 is suspended, except in a case specified by Cabinet Order, notwithstanding the preceding paragraph.

①A person born between April 2, 1965 and April 1, 1975 who falls under any of the following items (excluding a category 2 insured person prescribed in Article 7, paragraph (1), item (ii) of the National Pension Act) may, notwithstanding that paragraph, become an insured person of National Pension by notifying the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare; provided, however, that this does not apply if that person has the right to receive an old-age basic pension under that Act, an old-age employees' pension under the Employees' Pension Insurance Act, or any other pension benefit for which old age or retirement is the ground for payment and which is specified by Cabinet Order.

②When a person who falls under item (i) of the preceding paragraph intends to make the notification under that paragraph, that person must make to the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare a notification of the wish to entrust a financial institution holding that person's deposit account or savings account with withdrawing the deposit or savings and paying the premium with the money so withdrawn (hereinafter in this paragraph referred to as "payment by account transfer"), or a notification that the person falls under a case specified by Order of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare as a case where there is a justifiable reason for not making payment by account transfer.

③When an insured person under Article 5, paragraph (1) of the Supplementary Provisions of the National Pension Act (limited to a person born between April 2, 1965 and April 1, 1975) reaches 65 years of age, if that person does not have the right to receive the benefit specified by Cabinet Order prescribed in the proviso to paragraph (1), the notification under the preceding two paragraphs is deemed to have been made.

④A person who has made the notification under paragraph (2) (in the case of a person set forth in item (ii) of paragraph (1), under that paragraph) is to acquire status as an insured person of National Pension as of the day of making that notification (in the case of a person who is deemed to have made the notification under the preceding paragraph, as of the day that person reaches 65 years of age).

⑤An insured person of National Pension under paragraph (1) may, at any time, lose status as an insured person by notifying the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare.

⑥An insured person of National Pension under paragraph (1) loses status as an insured person on the day following the day on which that person comes to fall under any of the following items (in the case of coming to fall under item (ii), (iv), or (v), on that day):

⑦An insured person of National Pension who is a person set forth in item (i) of paragraph (1) loses status as that insured person, in addition to under the preceding paragraph, on the day following the day on which that person comes to fall under any of the following items (when that person has further acquired status as an insured person of National Pension on the day of coming to fall under item (i), on that day):

⑧An insured person of National Pension who is a person set forth in item (ii) of paragraph (1) loses status as that insured person, in addition to under paragraph (6), on the day following the day on which that person comes to fall under any of the following items (when that person has further acquired status as an insured person of National Pension on the day that fact arose, on that day):

⑨The insured period of National Pension as an insured person of National Pension under paragraph (1) is deemed to be the insured period of National Pension as a category 1 insured person prescribed in Article 7, paragraph (1), item (i) of the National Pension Act (hereinafter simply referred to as a "category 1 insured person" in this paragraph) for the purpose of the application of Article 5, paragraph (1) of that Act, and is deemed to be the insured period of National Pension as a category 1 insured person for the purpose of the application of Articles 52-2 through 52-5 and Article 9-3-2 of the Supplementary Provisions of that Act, respectively.

⑩Articles 88-2 through 90-3 of the National Pension Act do not apply to an insured person of National Pension under paragraph (1).

⑪The affairs pertaining to the authority of the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare for the acceptance of requests under paragraph (1), (2), and (5) are to be performed by the Japan Pension Organization. In this case, in Article 23, paragraph (3) of the Japan Pension Organization Act, the term "the National Pension Act" is deemed to be replaced with "the National Pension Act or the Act Partially Amending the National Pension Act, etc., and Other Matters, to Strengthen the Functions of the Pension System in Light of Socioeconomic Changes (Act No. 74 of 2025)"; in Article 26, paragraph (2) of that Act, the term "the National Pension Act" is deemed to be replaced with "the National Pension Act or the Act Partially Amending the National Pension Act, etc., and Other Matters, to Strengthen the Functions of the Pension System in Light of Socioeconomic Changes"; in Article 27, paragraph (1), item (ii) of that Act, the phrase "the affairs pertaining to the authority prescribed in, that Act" is deemed to be replaced with "and the affairs pertaining to the authority prescribed in Article 40, paragraph (11) of the Supplementary Provisions of the Act Partially Amending the National Pension Act, etc., and Other Matters, to Strengthen the Functions of the Pension System in Light of Socioeconomic Changes, the National Pension Act"; and in Article 48, paragraph (1) of that Act, the term "the National Pension Act" is deemed to be replaced with "the National Pension Act or the Act Partially Amending the National Pension Act, etc., and Other Matters, to Strengthen the Functions of the Pension System in Light of Socioeconomic Changes".

⑫Article 109-4, paragraphs (3), (4), (6), and (7) of the National Pension Act apply mutatis mutandis to the authority for the acceptance of requests under the preceding paragraph. In this case, necessary technical replacement of terms is specified by Cabinet Order.

⑬The authority of the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare under paragraph (1), (2), and (5) may be delegated to the Director-General of the Regional Bureau of Health and Welfare as specified by Order of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.

⑭The authority delegated to the Director-General of the Regional Bureau of Health and Welfare under the preceding paragraph may be delegated to the Director-General of the Regional Branch Bureau of Health and Welfare as specified by Order of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.

With respect to the application of penal provisions to an act committed before this Act (with respect to the provisions set forth in item (xv) of Article 1, paragraph (1) of the Supplementary Provisions, before those provisions) comes into effect, and to an act committed on or after the effective date of item (xv) in a case where those provisions are to remain in force under Article 36, paragraph (1) of the Supplementary Provisions, the provisions then in force continue to govern.

Beyond what is provided for in these Supplementary Provisions, transitional measures necessary in connection with the enforcement of this Act (including transitional measures concerning penal provisions) are specified by Cabinet Order.