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Searched the Japanese text of the laws as today. Type English to search the English translations instead.
Terms
項
A subdivision of an article, begun on a new line. In the official text, paragraphs from the second on are numbered 2, 3 and so on, and the first has no number; this site shows them…
Written by AI using Upper House Legislative Bureau: 条・項・号・号の細分 and Wikipedia: 日本の法令の基本形式 as a reference.
天皇
The symbol of the State and of the unity of the people, holding that position by the will of the people (Article 1). The Emperor performs only the acts in matters of state the Cons…
Written by AI using Constitution, Arts. 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 and Wikipedia: Emperor of Japan as a reference.
国会
Japan's parliament, and under Article 41 the only body that can make an Act (法律). It has two chambers, the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors, both made up of el…
Written by AI using Constitution, Arts. 41, 42, 43 and Wikipedia: National Diet as a reference.
衆議院
The lower of the Diet's two chambers (Article 42). Its members serve four years, and the term ends early whenever the House is dissolved (Article 45) — which is the difference that…
Written by AI using Constitution, Arts. 42, 45, 59, 60, 61, 67 and Wikipedia: House of Representatives (Japan) as a reference.
参議院
The upper of the Diet's two chambers (Article 42). Its members serve six years, half of them elected every three years, and it is never dissolved (Article 46) — so it always has si…
Written by AI using Constitution, Arts. 42, 46, 54 and Wikipedia: House of Councillors (Japan) as a reference.
内閣
The body that holds executive power: the Prime Minister and the other Ministers of State (Articles 65 and 66). It administers the law, conducts foreign affairs, prepares the budget…
Written by AI using Constitution, Arts. 65, 66, 69, 73 and Wikipedia: Cabinet of Japan as a reference.
内閣総理大臣
The head of the Cabinet. Designated by the Diet from among its own members, and appointed by the Emperor on that designation (Articles 67 and 6). The Prime Minister appoints and ma…
Written by AI using Constitution, Arts. 6, 67, 68, 75 and Wikipedia: Prime Minister of Japan as a reference.
国務大臣
A member of the Cabinet other than the Prime Minister (Article 66, paragraph (1)). All of them must be civilians, and a majority must be members of the Diet; the Prime Minister app…
Written by AI using Constitution, Arts. 66, 68, 75, 99 and 国家行政組織法, Art. 5 as a reference.
最高裁判所
The highest court, and the court of last resort on whether any law, order, regulation or official act conforms to the Constitution (Article 76, paragraph (1), and Article 81). That…
Written by AI using Constitution, Arts. 76, 79, 81, 98 and Wikipedia: Supreme Court of Japan as a reference.
定款
A company's own basic rules, written by its founders when it is formed: at least its purpose, its trade name, where its head office is, the value of the property contributed at inc…
Written by AI using Companies Act, Arts. 26, 27, 30, 466, 575 as a reference.
監査役
An officer of a stock company, elected by the shareholders meeting (Companies Act, Article 329, paragraph (1)), whose job is to audit how the directors carry out their duties and t…
Written by AI using Companies Act, Arts. 329, 335, 336, 381 as a reference.
株主総会
The meeting of a stock company's shareholders, and the body through which they decide the company's basic matters. It elects the directors and company auditors (Companies Act, Arti…
Written by AI using Companies Act, Arts. 295, 296, 309, 329, 466 as a reference.
取締役
An officer of a stock company, elected by the shareholders meeting (Companies Act, Article 329, paragraph (1)). Every stock company has at least one (Article 326, paragraph (1)). W…
Written by AI using Companies Act, Arts. 326, 329, 332, 348, 349, 362 as a reference.
取締役会
The body made up of all of a stock company's directors (Companies Act, Article 362, paragraph (1)). It decides how the company's business is carried out, supervises the directors,…
Written by AI using Companies Act, Arts. 2, 326, 327, 331, 362, 399-13, 416, 420 as a reference.
税務署長
The head of a tax office (税務署), the local office of the National Tax Agency that deals with taxpayers in its district (Act for Establishment of the Ministry of Finance, Article 24)…
Written by AI using Act for Establishment of the Ministry of Finance, Art. 24, Act on General Rules for National Taxes, Arts. 30, 43, 75 and Income Tax Act, Art. 120 as a reference.
国税局長
The head of a regional taxation bureau (国税局), the National Tax Agency's regional office, which oversees the tax offices of its region (Act for Establishment of the Ministry of Fina…
Written by AI using Act for Establishment of the Ministry of Finance, Arts. 23, 24 and Act on General Rules for National Taxes, Arts. 43, 75 as a reference.
国税庁長官
The head of the National Tax Agency (国税庁), the agency within the Ministry of Finance that assesses and collects national taxes (Act for Establishment of the Ministry of Finance, Ar…
Written by AI using Act for Establishment of the Ministry of Finance, Arts. 18, 19 and Act on General Rules for National Taxes, Arts. 75, 99 as a reference.
国税不服審判所
The body within the National Tax Agency that decides requests for review (審査請求) of tax decisions (Act for Establishment of the Ministry of Finance, Article 22; Act on General Rules…
Written by AI using Act for Establishment of the Ministry of Finance, Art. 22 and Act on General Rules for National Taxes, Arts. 75, 78, 102, 115 as a reference.
税関長
The head of a customs house (税関), a local office of the Ministry of Finance (Act for Establishment of the Ministry of Finance, Article 12, paragraph (1)). A customs house collects…
Written by AI using Act for Establishment of the Ministry of Finance, Arts. 4, 12, 16 and Consumption Tax Act, Arts. 47, 50 as a reference.
情報公開・個人情報保護審査会
A board set up in the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (総務省) to examine a request for review (審査請求) when the body that must decide it consults the board under the Ac…
Written by AI using Act for Establishment of the Information Disclosure and Personal Information Protection Review Board, Arts. 2, 3, 4, 9, 16 and Act on Access to Information Held by Administrative Organs, Art. 19 as a reference.
行政不服審査会
A board set up in the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (総務省) to deal with the matters the Administrative Complaint Review Act puts in its charge (Administrative Comp…
Written by AI using Administrative Complaint Review Act, Arts. 43, 44, 50, 67, 68, 69, 72, 79, 81 and Act on Access to Information Held by Administrative Organs, Arts. 18, 19 as a reference.
公正証書
A document drawn up by a notary (公証人), a public officer appointed by the Minister of Justice, at the request of the people concerned (Notary Act, Articles 1 and 11). A notary will…
Written by AI using Notary Act, Arts. 1, 11, 26 and Act on Land and Building Leases, Arts. 22, 23, 38 as a reference.
保健所
An office set up by a prefecture (都道府県), by one of the cities named by Cabinet Order (政令), which include every designated city (指定都市) and core city (中核市), or by a special ward (特別区…
Written by AI using Community Health Act, Arts. 5, 6, Local Autonomy Act, Arts. 252-19, 252-22 and Hotel Business Act, Arts. 2, 3 as a reference.
検察官
The official who brings a prosecution (公訴) for a crime before a court (Code of Criminal Procedure, Article 247), and who may decide not to prosecute where, in view of the offender'…
Written by AI using Code of Criminal Procedure, Arts. 247, 248 and Public Prosecutors Office Act, Arts. 1, 4, 6 as a reference.
供託所
The office that holds money and securities deposited (供託) under a provision of an Act or other statute: a Legal Affairs Bureau (法務局) or District Legal Affairs Bureau (地方法務局), one o…
Written by AI using Deposit Act, Arts. 1, 1-2 and Real Estate Brokerage Act, Arts. 25, 27, 35-2, 64-7 as a reference.
特別区
A ward (区) of a metropolis (都) (Local Autonomy Act, Article 281, paragraph (1)). Today the only special wards are the 23 wards of Tokyo. A special ward is a basic local government…
Written by AI using Local Autonomy Act, Arts. 281, 281-2, 283 as a reference.
戸籍
The public record of who a person is related to by birth, marriage and adoption. One is made for each married couple and their children who share their surname, where they set thei…
Written by AI using Family Register Act, Arts. 1, 4, 6, 13, 15, 16, 49, 74, 76, 86 and Residential Basic Book Act, Arts. 7, 30-45, 39 as a reference.
簡易裁判所
One of the four kinds of lower court (下級裁判所) beneath the Supreme Court, with the high courts (高等裁判所), the district courts (地方裁判所) and the family courts (家庭裁判所) (Courts Act, Article…
Written by AI using Courts Act, Arts. 1, 2, 33 and Civil Mediation Act, Art. 3 as a reference.
労働審判委員会
The panel through which a district court (地方裁判所) conducts labor tribunal proceedings (労働審判手続): one labor tribunal judge (労働審判官) and two labor tribunal members (労働審判員) (Labor Tribun…
Written by AI using Labor Tribunal Act, Arts. 1, 2, 7, 12, 17, 20, 24 as a reference.
労働審判官
The judge who sits on a labor tribunal (労働審判委員会) beside its two labor tribunal members (労働審判員), designated by the district court (地方裁判所) from among its own judges (Labor Tribunal A…
Written by AI using Labor Tribunal Act, Arts. 7, 8, 12, 13, 14 as a reference.
労働審判員
One of the two members of a labor tribunal (労働審判委員会) who sit beside its judge (Labor Tribunal Act, Article 7): a part-time member appointed from among people with expert knowledge…
Written by AI using Labor Tribunal Act, Arts. 7, 9, 10, 33, 34 as a reference.
公正取引委員会
The body the Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade (独占禁止法, the Antimonopoly Act) sets up to achieve that Act's purpose — among other things, to…
Written by AI using Antimonopoly Act, Arts. 1, 27, 28, 29 and Act against Unjustifiable Premiums and Misleading Representations, Art. 36 as a reference.
中小企業庁長官
The head of the Small and Medium Enterprise Agency (中小企業庁), which the Act for Establishment of the Small and Medium Enterprise Agency (中小企業庁設置法) sets up as an external agency (外局)…
Written by AI using Act for Establishment of the Small and Medium Enterprise Agency, Arts. 2, 4 as a reference.
金融庁長官
The head of the Financial Services Agency (金融庁), which the Act for Establishment of the Financial Services Agency (金融庁設置法) sets up as an external agency (外局) of the Cabinet Office…
Written by AI using Act for Establishment of the Financial Services Agency, Arts. 2, 3 and Banking Act, Art. 59 as a reference.
国家公安委員会
A commission placed under the Prime Minister's jurisdiction by the Police Act (警察法) (Police Act, Article 4, paragraph (1)), made up of a chairperson, who is a Minister of State (国務…
Written by AI using Police Act, Arts. 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 15 and Secondhand Goods Business Act, Arts. 21-5, 27 as a reference.
都道府県公安委員会
A commission the Police Act (警察法) places in each prefecture under the jurisdiction of its governor (都道府県知事) (Police Act, Article 38, paragraph (1)). It administers that prefecture'…
Written by AI using Police Act, Arts. 38, 39 and Secondhand Goods Business Act, Arts. 2, 3 as a reference.
方面公安委員会
A commission the Police Act (警察法) sets up in Hokkaido (道). Hokkaido is divided into no more than five districts (方面), and each district except the one where the Hokkaido Police Hea…
Written by AI using Police Act, Arts. 46, 51 and Anti-Stalking Act, Arts. 15, 17 as a reference.
方面本部長
The head of a district headquarters (方面本部) of the Hokkaido police. The Police Act (警察法) divides Hokkaido (道) into no more than five districts (方面) and places a district headquarter…
Written by AI using Police Act, Art. 51 and Anti-Stalking Act, Arts. 16, 17 as a reference.
警察署長
The head of a police station (警察署). The Police Act (警察法) divides each prefecture's area into districts, each served by a police station, and places a chief in every station (Police…
Written by AI using Police Act, Arts. 48, 51, 53, Road Traffic Act, Art. 77 and Lost Property Act, Art. 4 as a reference.
消費者委員会
A commission placed in the Cabinet Office (内閣府) (Act for Establishment of the Consumer Affairs Agency and the Consumer Commission, Article 6, paragraph (1)), of no more than ten me…
Written by AI using Act for Establishment of the Consumer Affairs Agency and the Consumer Commission, Arts. 6, 7, 9, 10, Act against Unjustifiable Premiums and Misleading Representations, Arts. 3, 6 and Act on Specified Commercial Transactions, Art. 64 as a reference.
労働基準監督署長
The head of a labor standards inspection office (労働基準監督署), one of the offices under each prefectural labor bureau (都道府県労働局) that carry out the Labor Standards Act (Labor Standards…
Written by AI using Labor Standards Act, Arts. 97, 99 and Act on Ensuring Wage Payment, Arts. 3, 4, 7, 13, 14 as a reference.
労働基準監督官
An official who carries out the Labor Standards Act, stationed in the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare's Labor Standards Management Bureau (労働基準主管局), in the prefectural labor…
Written by AI using Labor Standards Act, Arts. 97, 101, 102, 104, 105 and Act on Ensuring Wage Payment, Arts. 11, 13, 14 as a reference.
都道府県労働局
A local branch (地方支分部局) of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (厚生労働省), a national ministry, so it is part of the national government and not of the prefecture, despite its…
Written by AI using Act for Establishment of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Arts. 2, 17, 21, 22, 23 and National Government Organization Act, Art. 9 as a reference.
労働委員会
A commission made up of equal numbers of members representing employers, members representing workers and members representing the public interest (Labor Union Act, Article 19, par…
Written by AI using Labor Union Act, Arts. 19, 19-2, 19-12, 20 as a reference.
都道府県労働局長
The head of a prefectural labor bureau (都道府県労働局), a local branch (地方支分部局) of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, so part of the national government rather than of the prefe…
Written by AI using Act for Establishment of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Art. 17, National Government Organization Act, Art. 9, Labor Standards Act, Arts. 97, 99 and Employment Security Act, Art. 8 as a reference.
総括安全衛生管理者
The person an employer (事業者) must appoint at each workplace of the size a Cabinet Order (政令) sets, to direct the safety managers (安全管理者), the health managers (衛生管理者) and certain ot…
Written by AI using Industrial Safety and Health Act, Arts. 10, 17, 18, 19, 99-2 as a reference.
安全管理者
A person an employer (事業者) must appoint at each workplace in the industries and of the size a Cabinet Order (政令) sets, from among people with the qualifications an Order of the Min…
Written by AI using Industrial Safety and Health Act, Arts. 10, 11, 17, 19, 19-2, 99-2 as a reference.
衛生管理者
A person an employer (事業者) must appoint at each workplace of the size a Cabinet Order (政令) sets, according to the kinds of work done there, from among people licensed by the direct…
Written by AI using Industrial Safety and Health Act, Arts. 10, 11, 12, 18, 19, 19-2, 99-2 as a reference.
産業医
A physician an employer (事業者) must appoint at each workplace of the size a Cabinet Order (政令) sets, to look after workers' health and carry out the other duties an Order of the Min…
Written by AI using Industrial Safety and Health Act, Arts. 13, 13-2, 13-3, 18, 19, 101 as a reference.
作業主任者
A person an employer (事業者) must appoint, for each class of work, where the work needs controls to prevent industrial accidents (労働災害) — work in high-pressure chambers (高圧室内作業) and…
Written by AI using Industrial Safety and Health Act, Arts. 14, 60 as a reference.
安全委員会
A committee an employer (事業者) must set up at each workplace in the industries and of the size a Cabinet Order (政令) sets, to investigate and deliberate on the basic measures to keep…
Written by AI using Industrial Safety and Health Act, Arts. 17, 19 as a reference.
衛生委員会
A committee an employer (事業者) must set up at each workplace of the size a Cabinet Order (政令) sets, to investigate and deliberate on the basic measures to prevent harm to workers' h…
Written by AI using Industrial Safety and Health Act, Arts. 13, 17, 18, 66-4, 66-5, 66-8 as a reference.
安全衛生委員会
A single committee that an employer (事業者) required to set up both a safety committee (安全委員会) and a health committee (衛生委員会) may set up in place of the two (Industrial Safety and He…
Written by AI using Industrial Safety and Health Act, Arts. 13, 17, 18, 19 as a reference.
自動車検査証
The certificate issued for a motor vehicle that has passed the inspection the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (国土交通大臣) carries out: a card on which the chas…
Written by AI using Road Transport Vehicle Act, Arts. 2, 34, 36-2, 58, 60, 61, 62, 66, 94-5 as a reference.
特別永住者証明書
The certificate the Commissioner of the Immigration Services Agency (出入国在留管理庁長官) issues to every special permanent resident (特別永住者) (Special Act on the Immigration Control of, inte…
Written by AI using Special Act on the Immigration Control of, inter alia, those who have lost Japanese Nationality pursuant to the Treaty of Peace with Japan, Arts. 7 to 13, 15, 16, 16-2, 17, 23, 26 as a reference.
地方運輸局長
The head of a district transport bureau (地方運輸局), a local branch (地方支分部局) of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (国土交通省), a national ministry (Act for Establ…
Written by AI using Road Transport Vehicle Act, Arts. 54, 78, 105, Act for Establishment of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Arts. 2, 4, 30, 35, 36, National Government Organization Act, Arts. 3, 9, Act on Promoting the Resolution of Individual Labor-Related Disputes, Arts. 3, 4, 5, 21 and Minimum Wage Act, Art. 35 as a reference.
労働者災害補償保険審査官
One of the two kinds of labor insurance examiner (労働保険審査官) (Act on Labor Insurance Examiners and the Labor Insurance Appeal Committee, Article 1): placed in each prefectural labor…
Written by AI using Act on Labor Insurance Examiners and the Labor Insurance Appeal Committee, Arts. 1, 2, 2-2, 3, 4, 8, Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act, Arts. 38, 40 and Labor Standards Act, Arts. 85, 86 as a reference.
公共職業安定所
A national government office that does job placement (職業紹介) between job seekers and employers, vocational guidance and employment insurance (雇用保険) work, and other work the Employme…
Written by AI using Employment Security Act, Art. 8 and Act for Establishment of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Art. 23 as a reference.
労働政策審議会
A council (審議会) attached to the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (Act for Establishment of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Article 6, paragraph (1)). At the Minis…
Written by AI using Act for Establishment of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Arts. 6, 9 and Cabinet Order on the Labor Policy Council, Arts. 2, 3 as a reference.
雇用保険審査官
An official who decides requests for review (審査請求) under the Employment Insurance Act: of a confirmation that someone became or stopped being an insured person, of a decision on it…
Written by AI using Act on Labor Insurance Examiners and the Labor Insurance Appeal Committee, Arts. 2, 2-2, 3, 7 and 8 and Employment Insurance Act, Arts. 69 and 71 as a reference.
法務局
A local office of the Ministry of Justice (法務省). The Legal Affairs Bureaus and the District Legal Affairs Bureaus (地方法務局) are set up under the Ministry (Act for Establishment of th…
Written by AI using Act for Establishment of the Ministry of Justice, Arts. 4, 15, 18, 19 and Real Property Registration Act, Arts. 2, 6, 9 as a reference.
個人情報保護委員会規則
Rules the Personal Information Protection Commission (個人情報保護委員会) makes on the matters in its charge, to carry out an Act or a Cabinet Order (政令) or under a special delegation from…
Written by AI using Act on the Protection of Personal Information, Arts. 130, 132, 133, 134, 145 and Act on the Use of Numbers to Identify a Specific Individual in Administrative Procedures, Art. 2 as a reference.
個人情報保護委員会
The commission the Act on the Protection of Personal Information sets up under Article 49, paragraph (3) of the Act for Establishment of the Cabinet Office (内閣府設置法), under the Prim…
Written by AI using Act on the Protection of Personal Information, Arts. 130, 132, 133, 134, 145, 146, 147, 148 and Act on the Use of Numbers to Identify a Specific Individual in Administrative Procedures, Art. 2 as a reference.
医道審議会
A council (審議会) set up in the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (Act for Establishment of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Article 6, paragraph (1)) to deal with th…
Written by AI using Act for Establishment of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Arts. 6, 10 and Medical Practitioners' Act, Arts. 7, 10, 11, 16-2, 16-3, 16-10, 16-11, 24-2 as a reference.
医籍
The register of physicians kept at the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, which records the date of each registration, any reprimand, suspension or revocation of a licence, an…
Written by AI using Medical Practitioners' Act, Arts. 5, 6, 7-2, 16-6 as a reference.
社会保険審査官
An official of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare whom the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare appoints, placed in each Regional Bureau of Health and Welfare (地方厚生局), to…
Written by AI using Act on Social Insurance Examiners and the Social Insurance Examination Committee, Arts. 1, 2, Health Insurance Act, Art. 189 and Employees' Pension Insurance Act, Art. 90 as a reference.
社会保険審査会
A committee under the jurisdiction of the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare that hears requests for re-examination (再審査請求) against the decisions of social insurance examiners…
Written by AI using Act on Social Insurance Examiners and the Social Insurance Examination Committee, Arts. 19 to 22, Health Insurance Act, Art. 190 and Employees' Pension Insurance Act, Art. 91 as a reference.
社会保障審議会
A council (審議会) attached to the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (Act for Establishment of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Article 6, paragraph (1)). At the Minis…
Written by AI using Act for Establishment of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Arts. 6, 7 as a reference.
配偶者暴力相談支援センター
Not a building of its own but a role: each prefecture (都道府県) has its women's counseling and support center (女性相談支援センター) or another suitable facility it sets up serve as one, and a…
Written by AI using Act on the Prevention of Spousal Violence and the Protection of Victims, Arts. 3, 6 as a reference.
女性相談支援センター
A center every prefecture (都道府県) must set up, and a designated city (指定都市, one of the large cities a Cabinet Order designates under the Local Autonomy Act) may, under the Act on Su…
Written by AI using Act on Support for Women Facing Difficult Problems, Arts. 2, 9 and Act on the Prevention of Spousal Violence and the Protection of Victims, Art. 3 as a reference.
条例
A rule a local government makes for itself: a prefecture (都道府県), a city, town or village (市町村), or one of Tokyo's special wards (特別区) (Local Autonomy Act, Articles 1-3, 281 and 283…
Written by AI using Constitution, Art. 94 and Local Autonomy Act, Arts. 1-3, 2, 14, 16, 89, 96, 139, 281, 283 as a reference.
賃借権
The right a lessee (賃借人) has under a lease (賃貸借): to use the leased thing and take what it yields, in return for paying rent (Civil Code, Article 601). The lessee may not transfer…
Written by AI using Civil Code, Arts. 601, 605, 612, Real Property Registration Act, Art. 3 and Act on Land and Building Leases, Arts. 10, 31 as a reference.
賃借人
The party to a lease (賃貸借) who uses a thing, such as land or a building, pays rent for it and must return it when the contract ends; in everyday words, the tenant (Civil Code, Arti…
Written by AI using Civil Code, Arts. 601, 612 as a reference.
転借人
A person who leases a thing from its lessee (賃借人) rather than from the lessor (賃貸人): a subtenant. Where the lessee has sublet lawfully, the sublessee owes its duties under the subl…
Written by AI using Civil Code, Art. 613 as a reference.
転貸
A lessee (賃借人) letting a third party use the thing the lessee leases: subletting. A lessee may do this only with the lessor's (賃貸人) consent, and where the lessee lets a third party…
Written by AI using Civil Code, Arts. 612, 613 and Act on Land and Building Leases, Art. 19 as a reference.
登記
Entry in a public register kept by a registry office (登記所) — a Legal Affairs Bureau or one of its branch offices — so that the matter is made public (Real Property Registration Act…
Written by AI using Real Property Registration Act, Arts. 1, 3, 6, Commercial Registration Act, Art. 1, Civil Code, Art. 177 and Companies Act, Art. 908 as a reference.
先取特権
A right the law itself gives certain creditors to be paid out of the debtor's property ahead of other creditors (Civil Code, Article 303). Some reach all of the debtor's property,…
Written by AI using Civil Code, Arts. 303, 306, 311, 312, 313 and Act on Land and Building Leases, Art. 12 as a reference.
取消し
Undoing a legal act, such as an offer or acceptance of a contract (意思表示, a manifestation of intention), that the law says may be rescinded: for example one made through an importan…
Written by AI using Civil Code, Arts. 5, 95, 96, 120, 121, 122, 124, 125, 126 and Consumer Contract Act, Arts. 4, 7 as a reference.
無効
Having no legal effect from the start. A void act does not take effect even if the parties later confirm it; confirming it knowing it is void counts as making a new act (Civil Code…
Written by AI using Civil Code, Arts. 90, 119, Act on Land and Building Leases, Art. 9, Consumer Contract Act, Art. 8 and Labor Standards Act, Art. 13 as a reference.
損害賠償
Compensation for loss one person has caused another. A debtor who does not perform an obligation as it should be performed, or cannot perform it, must compensate the creditor for t…
Written by AI using Civil Code, Arts. 415, 417, 420, 709, 722 and Consumer Contract Act, Art. 9 as a reference.
対抗
To be able to rely on a right, or on a fact about it, against someone who is not a party to it. Acquiring, losing or changing a right in rem (物権) in land or a building cannot be as…
Written by AI using Civil Code, Arts. 96, 177, 605 and Act on Land and Building Leases, Arts. 10, 31 as a reference.
解除
Ending a contract by one party's notice to the other, where the contract or the law gives that party a right to cancel (Civil Code, Article 540, paragraph (1)). The Civil Code lets…
Written by AI using Civil Code, Arts. 121, 540, 541, 542, 545, 620 as a reference.
法律行為
An act by which a person, by manifesting their intention (意思表示), brings about the legal effect they intend, such as making a contract or buying everyday goods (Civil Code, Articles…
Written by AI using Civil Code, Arts. 3-2, 4, 5, 9, 90, 91, 119, 121, 127, 522 and Act on General Rules for Application of Laws, Arts. 7, 8, 10, 11, 12 as a reference.
意思表示
A person's expression of an intention to which the law gives a legal effect, such as an offer to conclude a contract, which shows its terms and forms the contract once the other pa…
Written by AI using Civil Code, Arts. 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 123, 522, 527, 540, Consumer Contract Act, Art. 4 and Act on Specified Commercial Transactions, Arts. 6, 9-3 as a reference.
裁判上の和解
A settlement (和解) is an agreement in which the parties each give way to end a dispute between them (Civil Code, Article 695). A judicial settlement is one reached in court proceedi…
Written by AI using Civil Code, Art. 695, Code of Civil Procedure, Arts. 89, 267, 275, Civil Enforcement Act, Art. 22 and Civil Mediation Act, Arts. 16, 17, 18 as a reference.
拘禁刑
The punishment of being held in a penal institution (刑事施設), for life or for a fixed term of one month to twenty years (Penal Code, Article 12, paragraphs (1) and (2)); a fixed term…
Written by AI using Penal Code, Arts. 9, 10, 12, 14, Act No. 67 of 2022, Art. 2 and Act No. 68 of 2022, Art. 443 as a reference.
懲役
A punishment the Penal Code had until Act No. 67 of 2022 came into force: being held in a penal institution (刑事施設) and made to do prescribed work, for life or for a fixed term of o…
Written by AI using Penal Code, former Art. 12, Act No. 67 of 2022, Art. 2 and Act No. 68 of 2022, Arts. 441, 443 as a reference.
禁錮
A punishment the Penal Code had until Act No. 67 of 2022 came into force: being held in a penal institution (刑事施設), for life or for a fixed term of one month to twenty years, witho…
Written by AI using Penal Code, former Arts. 12, 13, Act No. 67 of 2022, Art. 2 and Act No. 68 of 2022, Arts. 441, 443 as a reference.
罰金
A criminal punishment of paying money to the state, of 10,000 yen or more, or less where it is reduced (Penal Code, Article 15). It ranks below imprisonment (拘禁刑) and above penal d…
Written by AI using Penal Code, Arts. 9, 10, 15, 18, 31 to 34 as a reference.
拘留
A short criminal punishment of being held in a penal institution (刑事施設) for one day to less than thirty days (Penal Code, Article 16, paragraph (1)). As with imprisonment (拘禁刑), th…
Written by AI using Penal Code, Arts. 9, 10, 16 as a reference.
科料
The lightest criminal punishment: paying 1,000 yen or more but less than 10,000 yen (Penal Code, Articles 9, 10 and 17). A person who cannot pay it in full is held in a workhouse (…
Written by AI using Penal Code, Arts. 9, 10, 17, 18 as a reference.
没収
A punishment that can only be added to a principal one (付加刑) (Penal Code, Article 9): a thing connected with the crime is confiscated. What may be confiscated is the thing that mak…
Written by AI using Penal Code, Arts. 9, 19, 19-2, 20 as a reference.
特別永住者
A person who may live in Japan permanently under a status the Special Act on the Immigration Control of, inter alia, those who have lost Japanese Nationality pursuant to the Treaty…
Written by AI using Special Act on the Immigration Control of, inter alia, those who have lost Japanese Nationality pursuant to the Treaty of Peace with Japan, Arts. 2 to 5, 7, 17, 22, 23 and Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act, Art. 26-2 as a reference.
執行猶予
A court's decision, when it passes a sentence, to hold off carrying it out. A person sentenced to imprisonment (拘禁刑) of three years or less or a fine (罰金) of 500,000 yen or less wh…
Written by AI using Penal Code, Arts. 25 to 27-2 as a reference.
告訴
A crime's victim telling a public prosecutor or a judicial police officer (司法警察員) of the crime and asking that the offender be punished; the victim may file one (Code of Criminal P…
Written by AI using Code of Criminal Procedure, Arts. 230, 231, 235, 237, 241 and Penal Code, Arts. 209, 232 as a reference.
口頭弁論
The hearing at which the parties to a civil lawsuit or another court proceeding put their case to the court by speaking: the parties must argue a lawsuit before the court in oral a…
Written by AI using Code of Civil Procedure, Arts. 87, 87-2, 140, 148, 158 to 161, 249, 251, 263, 276, 312 as a reference.
控訴
An appeal against a final judgment that a district court (地方裁判所) gave at first instance, or against a summary court's (簡易裁判所) final judgment (Code of Civil Procedure, Article 281,…
Written by AI using Code of Civil Procedure, Arts. 96, 116, 281, 284 to 286, 292, 293, 296, 298, 302 to 305, 377 and Courts Act, Arts. 16, 24 as a reference.
上告
The appeal against a judgment of second instance, and against a high court's judgment at first instance: it goes to the Supreme Court (最高裁判所) against a final judgment a high court…
Written by AI using Code of Civil Procedure, Arts. 281, 285, 311 to 315, 318, 319, 321, 325 to 327 as a reference.
少額訴訟
A lawsuit in a summary court (簡易裁判所), heard and decided under rules of its own, on a claim to be paid money where the amount in dispute is 600,000 yen or less; the plaintiff asks f…
Written by AI using Code of Civil Procedure, Arts. 146, 368 to 381 and Civil Enforcement Act, Art. 22 as a reference.
訴訟代理人
A person who carries on a lawsuit on behalf of a party. Apart from an agent whom a law or regulation allows to act in court, only an attorney (弁護士) may be one, though in a summary…
Written by AI using Code of Civil Procedure, Arts. 34, 36, 42, 47, 54 to 59, 132-11 and Civil Provisional Remedies Act, Art. 1 as a reference.
送達
The delivery of a document in a court proceeding, such as a lawsuit, to the person it is for, by a procedure the law lays down: unless a provision says otherwise, the court carries…
Written by AI using Code of Civil Procedure, Arts. 98, 100 to 104, 106 to 112, 132-11, 138, 255, 285 as a reference.
報労金
The reward a person who gets back property they lost (遺失者) must pay its finder (拾得者): an amount from 5% to 20% of the property's value, or of the price it fetched where the police…
Written by AI using Lost Property Act, Arts. 9, 17, 20, 28, 29, 31, 34 as a reference.
本国法
The law of the country whose nationality a person has. The Act on General Rules for Application of Laws makes it the law that governs, among other things, a person's capacity to ac…
Written by AI using Act on General Rules for Application of Laws, Arts. 4, 24, 25, 26, 27, 32, 36, 38, 41 as a reference.
常居所
The place where a person habitually lives; the Act on General Rules for Application of Laws uses the term without defining it. That Act makes the law of a person's habitual residen…
Written by AI using Act on General Rules for Application of Laws, Arts. 11, 19, 25, 26, 27, 32, 38, 39 as a reference.
公の秩序又は善良の風俗
Public order and good morals, called 公序 (public policy) for short in the heading of Article 42 of the Act on General Rules for Application of Laws. The law refuses effect to what g…
Written by AI using Civil Code, Art. 90 and Act on General Rules for Application of Laws, Arts. 3, 42 as a reference.
審査請求
A request to an administrative agency (行政庁) to review a disposition (処分) the person objects to, or, where the person applied for a disposition under a law or regulation and a reaso…
Written by AI using Administrative Complaint Review Act, Arts. 1 to 4, 18, 25, 45 to 49, 51, 52 and Employees' Pension Insurance Act, Arts. 90, 91-2 as a reference.
再調査の請求
A request to the administrative agency (行政庁) that made a disposition (処分) to look into it again. A person who objects to the disposition can make one only where a request for revie…
Written by AI using Administrative Complaint Review Act, Arts. 1, 5, 18, 54, 57 to 60 and Act on General Rules for National Taxes, Art. 75 as a reference.
再審査請求
A further request, by a person who objects to the determination (裁決) on a request for review (審査請求) of a disposition (処分), that can be made only where an Act provides for one again…
Written by AI using Administrative Complaint Review Act, Arts. 1, 6, 50, 62, 64, 65 and Employees' Pension Insurance Act, Arts. 90, 91-2 as a reference.
附則
The part after a law's main provisions (本則) that deals with matters incidental to them: when the law takes effect, how the change from old rules to new ones is handled, and sometim…
Written by AI using Upper House Legislative Bureau: 見落とせない附則 and Wikipedia: 附則 as a reference.
前文
An opening passage, before the first article, saying what the law is for and what it rests on. Few Japanese laws have one; the Constitution of Japan (日本国憲法) does, and its four para…
Written by AI using Constitution of Japan, Preamble and Wikipedia (Japanese): 前文 as a reference.
号
One entry in a numbered list inside an article or paragraph, printed 一, 二, 三. The official English writes them item (i), (ii), (iii).
Written by AI using Upper House Legislative Bureau: 条・項・号・号の細分 and Japanese Law Translation: Labor Standards Act as a reference.
定義の範囲
Some definitions hold throughout the law (この法律で, この法律において); others only inside one article, paragraph or item (以下この条において). Some also leave a named part of the law out, such as a ch…
Written by AI using Upper House Legislative Bureau: 法令における用語の定義 and Labor Standards Act, Arts. 9, 36 as a reference.
Any matter that this Act requires to be registered as part of a registration record (登記記録).
この法律の規定により登記記録として登記すべき事項
全部取得条項付種類株式
A class of shares whose terms let the company acquire every share of that class by a resolution at a shareholders meeting, as provided for in Article 108, paragraph (1), item (vii).
第百八条第一項第七号に掲げる事項についての定めがある種類の株式
取得条項付株式
Shares whose terms let the company acquire them from the shareholder when a specified event occurs.
株式会社がその発行する全部又は一部の株式の内容として当該株式会社が一定の事由が生じたことを条件として当該株式を取得することができる旨の定めを設けている場合における当該株式
A document stating what is recorded in a file (ファイル) on a computer the court uses, certified by a court clerk (裁判所書記官) as identical to what is recorded there.
裁判所の使用に係る電子計算機に備えられたファイル（以下単に「ファイル」という。）に記録されている事項を記載した書面であつて裁判所書記官が当該書面の内容が当該ファイルに記録されている事項と同一であることを証明したもの
取得条項付新株予約権
Share options whose terms let the company acquire them when a specified event occurs, as provided for in Article 236, paragraph (1), item (vii).
第二百三十六条第一項第七号イに掲げる事項についての定めがある新株予約権
グループ国際最低課税額等報告事項等
The information a group international minimum tax reporting corporation (グループ国際最低課税額等報告対象法人) must send electronically to its district tax office within one year and three months after the end of each target accounting year (対象会計年度) of its specified multinational enterprise group, etc. (特定多国籍企業グループ等): the name of the group's ultimate parent entity (最終親会社等), the level of the effective tax rate in each country where its constituent entities (構成会社等) are located and other matters a Ministry of Finance Order (財務省令) sets — with matters on the group international minimum tax amount (グループ国際最低課税額) where the corporation is one the Order names as liable to the tax on it — and notice that it wishes to apply, or to stop applying, Article 82-2, paragraph (1) and the other special rules Article 150-3, paragraph (1) and a Cabinet Order (政令) name.
第百五十条の三第一項（特定多国籍企業グループ等に係る報告事項等の提供）に規定するグループ国際最低課税額等報告事項等
本人特定事項
The details that identify a customer, etc. (顧客等) or other person: for a natural person, name, residence and date of birth — for a foreign national without a residence in Japan of a kind a Cabinet Order (政令) specifies, the matters an order of the competent ministries (主務省令) specifies in place of residence — and for a corporation, its name and the location of its head office or principal office (Article 4, paragraph (1), item (i)).
自然人にあっては氏名、住居（本邦内に住居を有しない外国人で政令で定めるものにあっては、主務省令で定める事項）及び生年月日をいい、法人にあっては名称及び本店又は主たる事務所の所在地
グループ国内最低課税額報告事項等
The information a group domestic minimum tax reporting corporation (グループ国内最低課税額報告対象法人) must send electronically to its district tax office within one year and three months after the end of each target accounting year (対象会計年度) of its specified multinational enterprise group, etc. (特定多国籍企業グループ等): the name of the group's ultimate parent entity (最終親会社等), the countries where its constituent entities (構成会社等) are located and other matters on the domestic minimum tax amount (国内最低課税額) that a Ministry of Finance Order (財務省令) sets, and notice that it wishes to apply, or to stop applying, Article 82-2, paragraph (1) and the other special rules Article 150-3, paragraph (4) and a Cabinet Order (政令) name.
第百五十条の三第四項に規定するグループ国内最低課税額報告事項等
The revenue, profit before tax, tax paid and other matters a Ministry of Finance Order (財務省令) sets, for each country or region where the constituent companies, etc. (構成会社等) of a specified multinational enterprise group (特定多国籍企業グループ) do business, which the group's ultimate parent or surrogate parent in Japan must file electronically with the tax office.
特定多国籍企業グループの構成会社等の事業が行われる国又は地域ごとの収入金額、税引前当期利益の額、納付税額その他の財務省令で定める事項
事業概況報告事項
The organizational structure, business outline, financial position and other matters a Ministry of Finance Order (財務省令) specifies for a specified multinational enterprise group (特定多国籍企業グループ), which under Article 66-4-5 a domestic corporation, or a foreign corporation with a permanent establishment, that is a constituent entity of the group must provide electronically within one year after the end of each ultimate parent accounting year.
特定多国籍企業グループの組織構造、事業の概要、財務状況その他の財務省令で定める事項
In Article 150-3, paragraphs (7) to (9), the information on the ultimate parent company, etc. (最終親会社等) of a specified multinational enterprise group, etc. (特定多国籍企業グループ等) that a Ministry of Finance Order (財務省令) sets, which a reporting corporation relieved under paragraph (3) or (6) of that Article must send electronically to its district tax office within one year and three months after the end of each target accounting year (対象会計年度).
特定多国籍企業グループ等の最終親会社等に関する情報として財務省令で定める事項
基礎証明事項
In Article 12-3, the basic entries on a certificate of residence (住民票): the name and its kana reading, date of birth, sex, the date the person became a resident, the address and the dates it was set and notified, and the previous address (Article 7, items (i) to (iii) and (vi) to (viii)).
第七条第一号から第三号まで及び第六号から第八号までに掲げる事項
営業秘密構成情報特定事項
A matter that would identify all or part of the information making up a trade secret (営業秘密) that a court in a criminal case has decided, by a protective ruling (秘匿決定) under Article 23, paragraph (1) or (3), not to reveal in open court.
秘匿決定により公開の法廷で明らかにしないこととされた営業秘密を構成する情報の全部又は一部を特定させることとなる事項
In Article 66-4-4, paragraphs (5) and (6), the information on the ultimate parent company, etc. (最終親会社等) and the surrogate parent company, etc. (代理親会社等) of a specified multinational corporate group that a Ministry of Finance Order (財務省令) sets.
特定多国籍企業グループの最終親会社等及び代理親会社等に関する情報として財務省令で定める事項
重要事項
The matters about a consumer contract (消費者契約) that Article 4, paragraph (1), item (i) and paragraph (2) refer to: the quality, use or other content, and the price or other terms of the deal, of the goods, rights, services or other things the contract is for, where they would normally affect a consumer's decision whether to make the contract; and, except under paragraph (2), circumstances in which those things are normally judged necessary to avoid harm or danger to the consumer's life, body, property or other important interests.
消費者契約に係る次に掲げる事項（同項の場合にあっては、第三号に掲げるものを除く。）
個人識別事項
In Article 3, a person's name and date of birth, or name and address, as stated in a copy of their certificate of residence (住民票の写し) or a certificate of what it records, as defined in Article 12, paragraph (1), item (ii) of the Order for Enforcement of the Act on the Use of Numbers to Identify a Specific Individual in Administrative Procedures (Cabinet Order No. 155 of 2014).
行政手続における特定の個人を識別するための番号の利用等に関する法律施行令（平成二十六年政令第百五十五号）第十二条第一項第二号に規定する個人識別事項
In Article 7, a document from the head of a local government (地方公共団体の長) certifying the address, name, date of birth and other particulars recorded in the basic resident register (住民基本台帳).
地方公共団体の長の住民基本台帳の住所、氏名、生年月日その他の事項を証する書類
The basic entries on a removed certificate of residence (除票) — the name and its kana reading, date of birth, sex, the date the person became a resident, the address and the dates it was set and notified, and the previous address (Article 7, items (i) to (iii) and (vi) to (viii)) — together with other matters Cabinet Order (政令) sets.
第十五条の四第三項に規定する除票基礎証明事項
What service by public notice must announce: the name of the document, the name of the person it is to be served on, and that the Minister of Justice will hand it to that person at any time.
同項に規定する公示事項
取得条項付新株予約権
In Article 61-2, paragraph (14), item (v), share options whose terms let the issuing corporation acquire them on the occurrence of a specified event (取得事由).
新株予約権について、これを発行した法人が一定の事由（以下この号において「取得事由」という。）が発生したことを条件としてこれを取得することができる旨の定めがある場合の当該新株予約権