Chapter I General Provisions
第一章 総則
第一条（目的）
The purpose of this Act is to secure the rights of citizens by providing for a system concerning registrations to be made to notify the public of descriptions of real property and rights relating to real property, thereby contributing to the safe and smooth conduct of transactions.
第二条（定義）
In this Act, the meanings of the terms set forth in the following items are as prescribed respectively in those items:
この法律において、次の各号に掲げる用語の意義は、それぞれ当該各号に定めるところによる。
real property:land or building;
不動産 土地又は建物をいう。
description of real property:matters to be registered as prescribed in Article 27, item (i), item (iii) or item (iv), items of Article 34, paragraph (1), Article 43, paragraph (1), items of Article 44, paragraph (1) or items of Article 58, paragraph (1), which relate to real property;
registration of a description:a registration concerning a description of real property;
表示に関する登記 不動産の表示に関する登記をいう。
registration of a right:a registration concerning any of the rights set forth in the items of the following Article which relate to real property;
registration record:an electronic or magnetic record (meaning a record made in an electronic form, a magnetic form, or any other form not recognizable to human perception, which is used in information processing by computers; the same applies hereinafter) which is prepared pursuant to the provisions of Article 12 in relation to a registration of a description or registration of a right for each parcel of land or each building;
matters to be registered:matters to be registered as a registration record pursuant to the provisions of this Act;
登記事項 この法律の規定により登記記録として登記すべき事項をいう。
heading section:the part of a registration record in which a registration of a description is recorded;
rights section:the part of a registration record in which a registration of a right is recorded;
register:a book in which a registration record is recorded, and which is prepared in the form of a magnetic disk (including an object that can record certain matters securely by equivalent means; the same applies hereinafter);
登記簿 登記記録が記録される帳簿であって、磁気ディスク（これに準ずる方法により一定の事項を確実に記録することができる物を含む。以下同じ。）をもって調製するものをいう。
heading-section owner:a person recorded in the heading section of a registration record of real property for which there is no registration of ownership as the owner of the real property;
registered (right) holder:a person recorded in the rights section of a registration record as the holder of any of the rights set forth in the items of the following Article
person entitled to register:a person who is to receive any benefit directly in terms of registration by making a registration of a right, excluding a person who is to receive any benefit indirectly;
登記権利者 権利に関する登記をすることにより、登記上、直接に利益を受ける者をいい、間接に利益を受ける者を除く。
person obliged to register:a registered right holder who is to suffer any detriment directly in terms of registration by making a registration of a right, excluding a registered right holder who is to suffer any detriment indirectly;
information for registration identification:a code and other information to be used in order to confirm that the registered right holder themselves files an application for the registration, with which the registered right holder can be identified, when a registered right holder files an application for a registration pursuant to the provisions of the main clause of Article 22,;
registration of change:a registration to be made, when there is a change to any of the matters to be registered, in order to change that matter;
変更の登記 登記事項に変更があった場合に当該登記事項を変更する登記をいう。
registration of correction:a registration to be made, when there is an error or omission regarding any of the matters to be registered, in order to correct that matter;
更正の登記 登記事項に錯誤又は遺漏があった場合に当該登記事項を訂正する登記をいう。
parcel number:a number assigned to each parcel of land pursuant to the provisions of Article 35;
地番 第三十五条の規定により一筆の土地ごとに付す番号をいう。
land category:a category according to the use of land, which is specified by Ministry of Justice Order referred to in Article 34, paragraph (2);
地目 土地の用途による分類であって、第三十四条第二項の法務省令で定めるものをいう。
parcel area:the area of a parcel of land, which is specified by Ministry of Justice Order referred to in Article 34, paragraph (2);
地積 一筆の土地の面積であって、第三十四条第二項の法務省令で定めるものをいう。
heading registration:the first registration of a description to be made in the heading section in relation to the real property;
building number:a number assigned to each building pursuant to the provisions of Article 45;
家屋番号 第四十五条の規定により一個の建物ごとに付す番号をいう。
condominium unit:a structurally divided portion of a single building, which can be used independently as a residence, store, office or warehouse or any other type of building, and which constitutes a proprietary element as prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (3) of the Act on Building Unit Ownership, etc. (Act No. 69 of 1962; hereinafter referred to as the "Condominium Unit Ownership Act") (including those portions regarded as common elements pursuant to the provisions of Article 4, paragraph (2) of the Condominium Unit Ownership Act)
区分建物 一棟の建物の構造上区分された部分で独立して住居、店舗、事務所又は倉庫その他建物としての用途に供することができるものであって、建物の区分所有等に関する法律（昭和三十七年法律第六十九号。以下「区分所有法」という。）第二条第三項に規定する専有部分であるもの（区分所有法第四条第二項の規定により共用部分とされたものを含む。）をいう。
annex building:a building annexed to another building for which a heading registration is made, and is registered as forming one building together with the registered building
附属建物 表題登記がある建物に附属する建物であって、当該表題登記がある建物と一体のものとして一個の建物として登記されるものをいう。
mortgage securities:mortgage securities prescribed in Article 1, paragraph (1) of the Mortgage Securities Act (Act No. 15 of 1931)
抵当証券 抵当証券法（昭和六年法律第十五号）第一条第一項に規定する抵当証券をいう。
第三条（登記することができる権利等）
A registration is made with regard to a description of real property or with regard to the preservation, etc. of the following rights relating to real property (the "preservation, etc." means the preservation, establishment, transfer, change, restriction on disposition, or extinction of a right; the same applies in paragraph (2) of the following Article and Article 105, item (i)):
ownership;
所有権
superficies;
地上権
farming right
永小作権
servitude;
地役権
statutory lien;
先取特権
pledge;
質権
mortgage;
抵当権
right of lease; and
賃借権
spouse's right of residence;
配偶者居住権
right of quarrying (meaning a right of quarrying prescribed in the Quarrying Act (Act No. 291 of 1950); the same applies in Article 50, Article 70, paragraph (2), and Article 82)
Article 4Order of Priority of Rights
第四条（権利の順位）
Unless otherwise provided for in laws and regulations, the order of priority of rights registered in relation to the same real property follows the chronological order of registration.
同一の不動産について登記した権利の順位は、法令に別段の定めがある場合を除き、登記の前後による。
The order of priority of supplemental registrations (meaning a registration of a right to be made in relation to a right already registered which is made to change or correct the relevant right already registered, or in the case of a right other than ownership, a registration of a right to be made to transfer or preserve any right established over the relevant right which needs to be publicly announced as forming a single registration together with the relevant right already registered; hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph and Article 66) follows the order of priority of the corresponding principal registrations (meaning a right already registered to which a supplemental registration is attached; hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph), and the order of priority of supplemental registrations attached to the same principal registration follows the chronological order of the supplemental registrations.
Article 5Third Party Ineligible to Assert the Lack of Registration
第五条（登記がないことを主張することができない第三者）
A third party who has interfered with the filing of an application for a registration by fraud or duress may not assert the lack of the registration.
詐欺又は強迫によって登記の申請を妨げた第三者は、その登記がないことを主張することができない。
A third party who has an obligation to file an application for a registration on behalf of another person may not assert the lack of the registration; provided, however, that this does not apply if the cause of registration (meaning a fact or juridical act that is the cause of a registration) regarding the other party's registration occurred after the cause of registration regarding the third party's own registration occurred.
他人のために登記を申請する義務を負う第三者は、その登記がないことを主張することができない。ただし、その登記の登記原因（登記の原因となる事実又は法律行為をいう。以下同じ。）が自己の登記の登記原因の後に生じたときは、この限りでない。