①When a family court has made a ruling and subsequently finds the ruling to be unreasonable, it may revoke or modify the ruling by its own authority, except for the following rulings:

②After five years have passed since the day on which a ruling became final and binding, the family court may not revoke or modify it as provided for in the provisions of the preceding paragraph; provided, however, that this does not apply when the family court finds the ruling to be unjust due to a change in circumstances.

③When a family court revokes or modifies a ruling pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), it must hear statements from the party to the adjudication and any other person subject to adjudication.

④An immediate appeal may be filed against a ruling revoking or modifying the previous ruling under the provisions of paragraph (1) only by a person who may file an immediate appeal on the assumption that the ruling after the revocation or modification is the original ruling.

The provisions of Article 247, Article 256, paragraph (1), and Article 258 (excluding the second sentence of paragraph (2) of the Article) of the Code of Civil Procedure apply mutatis mutandis to a ruling. In this case, the phrase "after the rendition" in Article 256, paragraph (1) of the Code is deemed to be replaced with "from the day on which notice of the ruling is first given to the person who receives notice of the ruling".

The provisions of Article 118 of the Code of Civil Procedure apply mutatis mutandis to a final and binding judicial decision rendered by a foreign court on a domestic relations case (including an equivalent determination made by a public authority), unless contrary to the nature thereof.

①When a dispute on a legal relationship which will be the basis for an adjudication or any other interlocutory dispute is ready for making a judicial decision, the family court may make an interlocutory order.

②An interlocutory order must be made by preparing a written judgment.

①In proceedings for adjudication of domestic relations, the family court makes a judicial decision by an order, except when making a ruling. In this case, the provisions of Articles 73 through 79 (excluding the proviso to Article 74, paragraph (2), Article 76, paragraph (1), and Article 78, paragraph (3)) apply mutatis mutandis.

②A judicial decision concerning the control of proceedings for adjudication of domestic relations may be revoked at any time.

③A judicial decision other than a ruling may be made by an assistant judge independently.

①Except as otherwise provided, a petition for adjudication of domestic relations may be withdrawn in whole or in part before a ruling is made.

②A petition for adjudication of domestic relations regarding any of the matters set forth in Appended Table 2 may be withdrawn in whole or in part before a ruling becomes final and binding; provided, however, that after a ruling is made, the withdrawal of a petition will not be effective without the consent of the respondent.

③When the consent of the respondent is required for the withdrawal of a petition pursuant to the provisions of the proviso to the preceding paragraph, Article 153 (including the cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 199, paragraph (1)) and Article 199, paragraph (2), the family court must give notice to the respondent of the fact that the petition is withdrawn; provided, however, that this does not apply when the petition is withdrawn orally on a date for proceedings for adjudication of domestic relations and the respondent attends the proceedings on that date.

④If the respondent does not file an objection within two weeks from the day on which the respondent has received a notice given under the provisions of main clause of the preceding paragraph, the respondent is deemed to have consented to the withdrawal of the petition. The same applies to the case as provided for in the provisions of proviso to the paragraph when the respondent does not file an objection within two weeks from the day on which the petition has been withdrawn.

⑤The provisions of Article 261, paragraphs (3) and (4) and Article 262, paragraph (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure apply mutatis mutandis to the withdrawal of a petition for adjudication of domestic relations. In this case, in Article 261, paragraph (4) of the Code, the phrase "date for oral arguments, preparatory proceedings, or settlement (referred to below as a 'proceeding date' in this Chapter)" is deemed to be replaced with "date for proceedings for adjudication of domestic relations", the phrase "electronic record" is deemed to be replaced with "record", and the phrase "must record in" is deemed to be replaced with "must enter in".

When a petitioner for adjudication of domestic relations (if the consent of the respondent is required for the withdrawal of a petition under Article 153 (including cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the provisions of Article 199, paragraph (1)) and Article 199, paragraph (2), both parties), on two consecutive occasions, fails to appear on a date for proceedings for adjudication of domestic relations if the petitioner is summoned, or appears on a date for proceedings for adjudication of domestic relations if the petitioner is summoned and leaves their seat without making any statements, the family court may deem that the petition has been withdrawn.

①For the purpose of the application of the provisions of this Section if a high court conducts proceedings for adjudication of domestic relations as the court of first instance: in the provisions of the Section (excluding the provisions of Article 58, Article 59, paragraphs (1) through (4), Article 61, paragraphs (1) and (2), and Article 65), the term "family court" is deemed to be replaced with "high court"; in Article 39, Article 47, paragraph (6), Article 49, paragraph (3), Article 56, paragraph (2), Article 65, Article 72, Article 73, Article 74, paragraphs (1) through (3) (excluding the proviso to paragraph (2)), Article 75, Article 77, paragraph (1), Article 78 (excluding paragraph (1), item (ii), and paragraph (4)), Article 79, Article 80, paragraph (1), Article 81, paragraph (1), and Article 82, paragraphs (1) and (2), the term "ruling" is deemed to be replaced with "judicial decision in lieu of a ruling"; in Article 42, paragraph (2), the phrase "outcome of adjudication" is deemed to be replaced with "outcome of a judicial decision in lieu of a ruling"; in Article 58, paragraph (1), Article 59, paragraphs (1) through (4), Article 61, paragraph (1), and Article 65, the term "family court" is deemed to be replaced with "high court"; in Article 58, paragraph (3), the term "family court" is deemed to be replaced with "high court"; in Article 59, paragraph (3), the phrase "family court and" is deemed to be replaced with "high court and"; in Article 76, the term "written ruling" is deemed to be replaced with "written judgment"; in Article 76, paragraph (1), the term "ruling" is deemed to be replaced with "judicial decision in lieu of a ruling"; in the proviso to Article 76, paragraph (1), the phrase "ruling against which an immediate appeal may not be filed" is deemed to be replaced with "judicial decision in lieu of a ruling against which an immediate appeal may not be filed on the assumption that it is a ruling by a family court"; and in Article 78, paragraph (1), item (ii), the phrase "ruling against which an immediate appeal may be filed" is deemed to be replaced with "judicial decision in lieu of a ruling against which an immediate appeal may be filed on the assumption that it is a ruling by a family court".

②The provisions of Articles 40 and 48 do not apply when a high court conducts proceedings for adjudication of domestic relations as the court of first instance.

①An immediate appeal may be filed against a ruling only as specially provided.

②An immediate appeal may not be filed independently against a judicial decision on the burden of procedural costs.

①Except as otherwise provided, an immediate appeal filed against a ruling must be filed within an unextendable period of two weeks; provided, however, that this does not preclude the effect of an immediate appeal filed prior to such period.

②Except as otherwise provided, the period for filing an immediate appeal runs from the day on which a person who is to receive notice of a ruling received notice of a ruling if an immediate appeal is filed by the person, or from the day on which the petitioner received notice of a ruling if an immediate appeal is filed by a person other than a person who is to receive notice of a ruling (if there are two or more such days, the latest day), respectively.

①An immediate appeal must be filed by submitting a petition for appeal with the court of prior instance.

②A petition for appeal must state the following matters:

③If an immediate appeal is unlawful and it is obvious that the deficiency cannot be corrected, the court of prior instance must dismiss the appeal.

④An immediate appeal may be filed against a ruling made under the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

⑤The immediate appeal set forth in the preceding paragraph must be filed within an unextendable period of one week; provided, however, that this does not preclude the effect of an immediate appeal filed prior to the period.

⑥The provisions of Article 49, paragraphs (4) and (5) apply mutatis mutandis when a petition for appeal is in violation of paragraph (2) and when fees for filing an immediate appeal are not paid pursuant to the provisions of the Act on the Costs of Civil Proceedings.

①When an immediate appeal is filed against a ruling, the court in charge of the appeal must send a copy of a petition for appeal to the party and interested party intervenor in the prior instance (excluding the appellant), except when the immediate appeal is unlawful or the immediate appeal is clearly groundless; provided, however, that if it is found that there is a risk of interfering with the smooth progress of proceedings in the instance of an appeal, the court in charge of the appeal may give notice to those parties of the fact that an immediate appeal is filed, in lieu of sending a copy of a petition for appeal.

②When the presiding judge specifies a reasonable period and orders an appellant to prepay costs for sending a copy of a petition for appeal or giving notice in lieu of sending the copy under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, but the costs are not prepaid, the presiding judge must, by a direction, dismiss the petition for appeal.

①The court in charge of an appeal may not revoke the ruling in prior instance unless it hears statements from a party in the prior instance and any other person subject to adjudication (excluding the appellant).

②In adjudication cases regarding any of the matters set forth in Appended Table 2, the court in charge of an appeal must hear statements from a party in the prior instance (excluding the appellant), except when the immediate appeal is unlawful or the immediate appeal is clearly groundless.

The court of prior instance must correct its ruling when it finds grounds for an immediate appeal filed against the ruling; provided, however, that a ruling regarding any of the matters set forth in Appended Table 2 may not be corrected.

①The court in charge of an appeal makes a judicial decision on an immediate appeal by an order.

②When the court in charge of an appeal finds grounds for an immediate appeal, it must by itself make a judicial decision in lieu of a ruling on the case for adjudication of domestic relations; provided, however, that this does not apply when it remands the case to the court of first instance pursuant to the provisions of Article 307 or Article 308, paragraph (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 93, paragraph (3).