Chapter III Rulings in Lieu of Mediation
第三章 調停に代わる審判
Article 284Subject and Requirements of Rulings in Lieu of Mediation
第二百八十四条（調停に代わる審判の対象及び要件）
When mediation is unsuccessful and when the family court finds it to be appropriate, it may make a necessary ruling for the resolution of a case (hereinafter referred to as a "ruling in lieu of mediation") by its own authority, giving consideration to equity in the interests of both parties and taking into account all relevant circumstances; provided, however, that this does not apply in proceedings for mediation of domestic relations regarding the matters prescribed in Article 277, paragraph (1).
家庭裁判所は、調停が成立しない場合において相当と認めるときは、当事者双方のために衡平に考慮し、一切の事情を考慮して、職権で、事件の解決のため必要な審判（以下「調停に代わる審判」という。）をすることができる。ただし、第二百七十七条第一項に規定する事項についての家事調停の手続においては、この限りでない。
When proceedings for mediation of domestic relations are conducted by a mediation committee, and when the family court makes a ruling in lieu of mediation, the family court must hear the opinions of the domestic relations mediation commissioners who compose the mediation committee.
家事調停の手続が調停委員会で行われている場合において、調停に代わる審判をするときは、家庭裁判所は、その調停委員会を組織する家事調停委員の意見を聴かなければならない。
In a ruling in lieu of mediation, the family court may order a party to surrender custody of a child, pay money, or provide any other economic benefit or perform any other act.
家庭裁判所は、調停に代わる審判において、当事者に対し、子の引渡し又は金銭の支払その他の財産上の給付その他の給付を命ずることができる。
Article 285Special Provisions for Rulings in Lieu of Mediation
第二百八十五条（調停に代わる審判の特則）
Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 273, paragraph (1), a petition for mediation of domestic relations may not be withdrawn after a ruling in lieu of mediation is made.
家事調停の申立ての取下げは、第二百七十三条第一項の規定にかかわらず、調停に代わる審判がされた後は、することができない。
Notice of a ruling in lieu of mediation may not be effected by service through publication.
調停に代わる審判の告知は、公示送達の方法によっては、することができない。
When it is impossible to give notice of a ruling in lieu of mediation, the family court must revoke the ruling.
調停に代わる審判を告知することができないときは、家庭裁判所は、これを取り消さなければならない。
第二百八十六条（異議の申立て等）
A party may file an objection with a family court with regard to a ruling in lieu of mediation.
当事者は、調停に代わる審判に対し、家庭裁判所に異議を申し立てることができる。
The provisions of Article 279, paragraphs (2) through (4) apply mutatis mutandis to an objection filed under the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
第二百七十九条第二項から第四項までの規定は、前項の規定による異議の申立てについて準用する。
A family court must dismiss an objection filed under paragraph (1) when it is unlawful.
家庭裁判所は、第一項の規定による異議の申立てが不適法であるときは、これを却下しなければならない。
An objector may file an immediate appeal against a ruling to dismiss the objector's objection pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
異議の申立人は、前項の規定により異議の申立てを却下する審判に対し、即時抗告をすることができる。
When a lawful objection is filed, a ruling in lieu of mediation ceases to be effective. In this case, the family court must give notice to that effect to the parties.
適法な異議の申立てがあったときは、調停に代わる審判は、その効力を失う。この場合においては、家庭裁判所は、当事者に対し、その旨を通知しなければならない。
When, within two weeks from the day on which a party has received the notice under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the party files an action on the case for which a petition for mediation of domestic relations has been filed, the action is deemed to have been filed at the time of the filing of the petition for mediation of domestic relations.
当事者が前項の規定による通知を受けた日から二週間以内に家事調停の申立てがあった事件について訴えを提起したときは、家事調停の申立ての時に、その訴えの提起があったものとみなす。
When a ruling in lieu of mediation regarding any of the matters set forth in Appended Table 2 has ceased to be effective pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (5), it is deemed that a petition for adjudication of domestic relations regarding the matter has been filed at the time of the filing of the petition for mediation of domestic relations.
The provisions of paragraph (1) do not apply when the parties file a joint notification that they will be subject to a ruling in lieu of mediation in proceedings for mediation of domestic relations pertaining to the petition (excluding mediation of domestic relations regarding divorce or the dissolution of an adoptive relationship).
The joint notification set forth in the preceding paragraph must be filed in writing.
前項の共同の申出は、書面でしなければならない。
A party may revoke a joint notification set forth in paragraph (8) only before notice of a ruling in lieu of mediation is given. In this case, the party is not to be required to obtain the consent of the other party.
Article 287Effect of Ruling in Lieu of Mediation
第二百八十七条（調停に代わる審判の効力）
If no objection is filed under the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, or a ruling to dismiss an objection becomes final and binding, a ruling in lieu of mediation regarding any of the matters set forth in Appended Table 2 has the same effect as a final and binding ruling made under the provisions of Article 39, and a ruling in lieu of mediation regarding other matters has the same effect as a final and binding judgment.
ruling in lieu of mediationcorrected by this site
「調停に代わる審判」
A ruling (審判) the family court may make on its own authority to resolve a case where mediation has failed, weighing fairness to both parties and all the circumstances; it is not available in mediation of the personal-status matters covered by Article 277, paragraph (1).
Short name set inArticle 284, paragraph (1)
service
送達
The delivery of a document in a court proceeding, such as a lawsuit, to the person it is for, by a procedure the law lays down: unless a provision says otherwise, the court carries it out of its own motion, the court clerk handles the work (Code of Civil Procedure, Article 98), and the person who effects it reports on it to the court in writing (Article 100, paragraph (1)); the complaint must be served on the defendant (Article 138, paragraph (1)), and the judgment on the parties (Article 255, paragraph (1)). A document is served by post or by a court enforcement officer (執行官) (Article 101, paragraph (1)), as a rule by handing it to the person (Article 102-2), at their address, residence, place of business or office, or at their workplace where those are unknown or service there meets an obstacle (Article 103); each party, legal representative and litigation representative (訴訟代理人) must tell the court a place in Japan where they are to be served (Article 104, paragraph (1)), and service abroad is made at the presiding judge's request to that country's authorities or to a Japanese ambassador, minister or consul there (Article 108). If the person is not found at a place other than their workplace, the document may be handed to an employee or a person living with them who can be trusted to receive it, and if it is refused without a legitimate reason it may be left there (Article 106, paragraphs (1) and (3)); where it cannot be served in those ways, the court clerk may send it by registered mail, and it counts as served when it is sent (Article 107, paragraphs (1) and (3)). An electronic record can also be served through the courts' electronic system on a person who has registered for it, by making it available to them and sending them a notice, and that service takes effect when they view it or save it to their computer, or one week after the notice was sent, whichever comes first (Articles 109-2, paragraph (1), and 109-3, paragraph (1)); a person who must make filings online, such as a litigation representative (訴訟代理人) entrusted with the case, can be served this way even without registering, and without a notice, the week then running from when the record was made available (Articles 109-4 and 132-11, paragraph (1)). Where a party's address or other place for service is unknown, among other cases, the court clerk may serve by publication (公示送達), on petition or where the court orders it, and serves the same party by publication again of the clerk's own motion, as a rule (Article 110, paragraphs (1) to (3)): that the clerk holds the document and will hand it over at any time is made available for anyone to view, by a method the Supreme Court's rules (最高裁判所規則) set, and posted on the court's notice board or shown on a screen at the court (Article 111), and service takes effect two weeks after that begins, or six weeks for service to be made abroad, though one made again of the clerk's own motion takes effect the day after it begins (Article 112, paragraphs (1) and (2)). Some time limits run from service: an appeal to the court of second instance (控訴), for one, must be filed within two weeks of the day the judgment is served (Article 285).
Written by AI using Code of Civil Procedure, Arts. 98, 100 to 104, 106 to 112, 132-11, 138, 255, 285 as a reference.