If a foreign national without a status of residence files the application set forth in Article 61-2, paragraph (1) or (2), the Minister of Justice is to permit the foreign national to provisionally stay in Japan, unless they fall under any of the following items:
法務大臣は、在留資格未取得外国人から第六十一条の二第一項又は第二項の申請があつたときは、当該在留資格未取得外国人が次の各号のいずれかに該当する場合を除き、その者に仮に本邦に滞在することを許可するものとする。
the foreign national has been granted permission for provisional landing;
仮上陸の許可を受けているとき。
the foreign national has been granted permission for landing at a port of call, landing permission for cruise ship tourists, permission for landing in transit, landing permission for crew members, permission for emergency landing or landing permission due to distress, and has not stayed in Japan beyond the period stated in their passport or permit;
寄港地上陸の許可、船舶観光上陸の許可、通過上陸の許可、乗員上陸の許可、緊急上陸の許可又は遭難による上陸の許可を受け、旅券又は当該許可書に記載された期間を経過していないとき。
the foreign national is permitted to stay in Japan pursuant to the provisions of Article 22-2, paragraph (1);
第二十二条の二第一項の規定により本邦に在留することができるとき。
the foreign national fell under the category of any of the persons set forth in Article 5, paragraph (1), items (iv) through (xiv) when they entered Japan;
本邦に入つた時に、第五条第一項第四号から第十四号までに掲げる者のいずれかに該当していたとき。
there are reasonable grounds to suspect that the foreign national falls under the category of any of the persons set forth in Article 24, items (iii) through (iii)-5 or item (iv), sub-items (c) through(o);
第二十四条第三号から第三号の五まで又は第四号ハからヨまでに掲げる者のいずれかに該当すると疑うに足りる相当の理由があるとき。
it is clear that the foreign national filed the application set forth in Article 61-2, paragraph (1) or (2) after 6 months had passed from the date of landing in Japan (or, for a person for whom the grounds for becoming a refugee or a person eligible for complementary protection arose while in Japan, from the date on which the person learned of that fact) (except where there are unavoidable circumstances);
本邦に上陸した日(本邦にある間に難民又は補完的保護対象者となる事由が生じた者にあつては、その事実を知つた日)から六月を経過した後第六十一条の二第一項又は第二項の申請を行つたものであることが明らかであるとき(やむを得ない事情があるときを除く。)。
it is clear that the foreign national falls under neither of the following sub-items (a) nor (b):
次のイ又はロのいずれにも該当しないことが明らかであるとき。
except where the grounds for becoming a refugee arose while the foreign national was in Japan, the foreign national entered Japan directly from a territory where their life, body or physical freedom was likely to be harmed for the reasons prescribed in Article 1, A-(2) of the Refugee Convention;
本邦にある間に難民となる事由が生じた場合を除き、その者の生命、身体又は身体の自由が難民条約第一条A(2)に規定する理由によつて害されるおそれのあつた領域から直接本邦に入つたものであるとき。
except where the grounds for becoming a person eligible for complementary protection arose while the foreign national was in Japan, the foreign national entered Japan directly from a territory where they were likely to be persecuted.
本邦にある間に補完的保護対象者となる事由が生じた場合を除き、その者が迫害を受けるおそれのあつた領域から直接本邦に入つたものであるとき。
the foreign national, after entering Japan, has been convicted of the crime provided in Part II, Chapter XII, XVI through XIX, XXIII, XXVI, XXVII, XXXI, XXXIII, XXXVI, XXXVII or XXXIX of the Penal Code, in Article 1, 1-2 or 1-3 (except for the parts pertaining to Article 222 or 261 of the Penal Code) of the Act on Punishment of Physical Violence and Others, the Act on Prevention and Punishment of Robbery and Theft Acts, in Article 15 or 16 of the Act on Prohibition of Possession of Special Picking Tools, and Other Related Matters, in Article 2 or Article 6, paragraph (1) of the Act on Punishment of Acts Inflicting Death or Injury on Others by Driving a Motor Vehicle, etc., or in Article 22 of the Act on Prevention of the Disposal of Stolen Specified Metal Articles and Other Related Matters, and sentenced to imprisonment;
本邦に入つた後に、刑法第二編第十二章、第十六章から第十九章まで、第二十三章、第二十六章、第二十七章、第三十一章、第三十三章、第三十六章、第三十七章若しくは第三十九章の罪、暴力行為等処罰に関する法律第一条、第一条ノ二若しくは第一条ノ三(刑法第二百二十二条又は第二百六十一条に係る部分を除く。)の罪、盗犯等の防止及び処分に関する法律の罪、特殊開錠用具の所持の禁止等に関する法律第十五条若しくは第十六条の罪、自動車の運転により人を死傷させる行為等の処罰に関する法律第二条若しくは第六条第一項の罪又は盗難特定金属製物品の処分の防止等に関する法律第二十二条の罪により拘禁刑に処せられたものであるとき。
a written deportation order has been issued to the foreign national; or
退去強制令書の発付を受けているとき。
there are reasonable grounds to suspect that the foreign national is likely to flee.
逃亡するおそれがあると疑うに足りる相当の理由があるとき。
In granting the permission pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the Minister of Justice is to determine the period of stay pertaining to the permission (hereinafter referred to as the "period of provisional stay"), and have an immigration inspector issue a permit for provisional stay that states the period of provisional stay to the foreign national without a status of residence, pursuant to the provisions of Ministry of Justice Order. In this case, the permission is to become effective with the content stated therein as of the time of issuance.
法務大臣は、前項の規定による許可をする場合には、法務省令で定めるところにより、当該許可に係る滞在期間(以下「仮滞在期間」という。)を決定し、入国審査官に、当該在留資格未取得外国人に対し当該仮滞在期間を記載した仮滞在許可書を交付させるものとする。この場合において、その許可は、当該交付のあつた時に、その記載された内容をもつて効力を生ずる。
In granting the permission pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), the Minister of Justice may impose restrictions on the foreign national without a status of residence on their place of residence and scope of activities, the obligation to appear upon receiving summons, and impose other conditions found necessary, pursuant to the provisions of Ministry of Justice Order and, if found necessary, may take their fingerprints.
法務大臣は、第一項の規定による許可をする場合には、法務省令で定めるところにより、当該在留資格未取得外国人に対し、住居及び行動範囲の制限、呼出しに対する出頭の義務その他必要と認める条件を付し、かつ、必要があると認める場合は、指紋を押なつさせることができる。
Upon receiving an application filed for extension of the period of provisional stay by a foreign national who has been granted permission pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), the Minister of Justice is to grant the extension. In this case, the provisions of paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis.
If a foreign national who has been granted permission pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) subsequently comes to fall under any of the grounds set forth in the following items, the period of provisional stay (including the period of provisional stay extended pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph; the same applies hereinafter) granted to the foreign national is found to have terminated at the time the foreign national came to fall under the grounds:
the administrative review as set forth in Article 61-2-12, paragraph (1) has not been requested with regard to a denial of recognition of refugee status or a denial of recognition as a person eligible for complementary protection, and the period set forth in paragraph (2) of the same Article has passed;
難民の認定をしない処分又は補完的保護対象者の認定をしない処分につき第六十一条の二の十二第一項の審査請求がなくて同条第二項の期間が経過したこと。
the administrative review as set forth in Article 61-2-12, paragraph (1) has been requested for a denial of recognition of refugee status or a denial of recognition as a person eligible for complementary protection, but the administrative review has been withdrawn or a decision has been made to the effect of dismissing or rejecting the administrative review;
難民の認定をしない処分又は補完的保護対象者の認定をしない処分につき第六十一条の二の十二第一項の審査請求があつた場合において、当該審査請求が取り下げられ、又はこれを却下し若しくは棄却する旨の裁決があつたこと。
the foreign national has been granted recognition of refugee status or recognition as a person eligible for complementary protection and it was decided not to grant the permission under the provisions of Article 61-2-2, paragraph (1);
難民の認定又は補完的保護対象者の認定がされた場合において、第六十一条の二の二第一項の規定による許可をしない処分があつたこと。
the permission pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) has been revoked pursuant to the provisions of Article 61-2-6; or
the application set forth in Article 61-2, paragraph (1) or (2) has been withdrawn.
第六十一条の二第一項又は第二項の申請が取り下げられたこと。
Read this with the articles around it
(Intimidation)
A person who intimidates another person using a threat to harm the life, body, freedom, reputation or the person's property is punished by imprisonment for 2 years or less or a fine of 300,000 yen or…
生命、身体、自由、名誉又は財産に対し害を加える旨を告知して人を脅迫した者は、二年以下の拘禁刑又は三十万円以下の罰金に処する。
Open this provision(Damage to Property)
A person who damages or injures property beyond what are prescribed under the preceding three Articles is punished by imprisonment for 3 years or less, a fine of 300,000 yen or less or a petty fine.
前三条に規定するもののほか、他人の物を損壊し、又は傷害した者は、三年以下の拘禁刑又は三十万円以下の罰金若しくは科料に処する。
Open this provision(Acquisition of Status of Residence)
Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 2-2, paragraph (1), a person who has renounced Japanese nationality, or a foreign national who is to stay in Japan without following the procedures for…
日本の国籍を離脱した者又は出生その他の事由により前章に規定する上陸の手続を経ることなく本邦に在留することとなる外国人は、第二条の二第一項の規定にかかわらず、それぞれ日本の国籍を離脱した日又は出生その他当該事由が生じた日から六十日を限り、引き続き在留資格を有することなく本邦に在留することができる。
Open this provision(Deportation)
a person who, with the intent of helping another foreign national to illegally obtain a certificate, a seal of verification for landing…
他の外国人に不正に前章第一節若しくは第二節の規定による証明書の交付、上陸許可の証印(第九条第四項の規定による記録を含む。)若しくは許可、同章第四節の規定による上陸の許可又は前二節、第五十条第一項若しくは第六十一条の二の五第一項の規定による許可を受けさせる目的で、文書若しくは図画を偽造し、若しくは変造し…
Open this provision(Deportation)
a person who the Minister of Justice finds as having reasonable grounds to be likely to commit a criminal act for the purpose of intimidating the general public and governments provided for in…
公衆等脅迫目的の犯罪行為等のための資金等の提供等の処罰に関する法律(平成十四年法律第六十七号)第一条第一項に規定する公衆等脅迫目的の犯罪行為若しくは同条第二項に規定する特定犯罪行為(以下この号において「公衆等脅迫目的の犯罪行為等」という。)…
Open this provision(Deportation)
a person whose entry into Japan is required to be prevented pursuant to an international agreement;
国際約束により本邦への入国を防止すべきものとされている者
Open this provision(Deportation)
a person who has engaged in any of the acts set forth in the following sub-items (a) through (c), or has incited or aided another person to engage in any of the acts set forth therein:
次のイからハまでに掲げるいずれかの行為を行い、唆し、又はこれを助けた者
Open this provision(Deportation)
a person who has engaged in any of the acts set forth in the following sub-items (a) through (e), or has incited or aided another person to engage in any of the acts set forth therein:
次のイからホまでに掲げるいずれかの行為を行い、唆し、又はこれを助けた者
Open this provision(Deportation)
a foreign national residing in Japan (excluding those who were granted permission for provisional landing, permission for landing at a port of call, landing permission for cruise ship tourists…
本邦に在留する外国人(仮上陸の許可、寄港地上陸の許可、船舶観光上陸の許可、通過上陸の許可、乗員上陸の許可又は遭難による上陸の許可を受けた者を除く。)で次のイからヨまでに掲げる者のいずれかに該当するもの
Open this provision(Denial of Landing)
a person who has been deported from Japan for falling under any of Article 24, item (iv), sub-items (1) through (o);
第二十四条第四号オからヨまでのいずれかに該当して本邦からの退去を強制された者
Open this provision(Denial of Landing)
a person who schemes or advocates the overthrow of the Constitution of Japan or the government formed thereunder by means of force or violence, or who organizes or is a member of a political party or…
日本国憲法又はその下に成立した政府を暴力で破壊することを企て、若しくは主張し、又はこれを企て若しくは主張する政党その他の団体を結成し、若しくはこれに加入している者
Open this provision(Denial of Landing)
a person who organizes, or is a member of, or is closely affiliated with any of the following political parties or organizations:
次に掲げる政党その他の団体を結成し、若しくはこれに加入し、又はこれと密接な関係を有する者
Open this provision(Denial of Landing)
a person who schemes to prepare, distribute, or exhibit printed particulars, motion pictures, or any other documents or drawings to attain the objectives of any political party or organization…
第十一号又は前号に規定する政党その他の団体の目的を達するため、印刷物、映画その他の文書図画を作成し、頒布し、又は展示することを企てる者
Open this provision(Denial of Landing)
other than those persons set forth in items (i) through (xiii), a person whom the Minister of Justice has reasonable grounds to believe is likely to commit an act which could be detrimental to the…
前各号に掲げる者を除くほか、法務大臣において日本国の利益又は公安を害する行為を行うおそれがあると認めるに足りる相当の理由がある者
Open this provision(Denial of Landing)
a person who has been convicted of a violation of any law or regulation of Japan or of any other country, and has been sentenced to imprisonment for 1 year or more, or to an equivalent penalty…
日本国又は日本国以外の国の法令に違反して、一年以上の拘禁刑又はこれに相当する刑に処せられたことのある者。ただし、政治犯罪により刑に処せられた者は、この限りでない。
Open this provision(Denial of Landing)
a person who has been convicted of a violation of any law or regulation of Japan or of any other country relating to the control of narcotics, marijuana, opium, stimulant drugs or psychotropic drugs…
麻薬、大麻、あへん、覚醒剤又は向精神薬の取締りに関する日本国又は日本国以外の国の法令に違反して刑に処せられたことのある者
Open this provision(Denial of Landing)
a person who has been convicted of a violation of any law or regulation of Japan or of any other country or has been deported from Japan pursuant to the provisions of the Immigration Control and…
国際的規模若しくはこれに準ずる規模で開催される競技会若しくは国際的規模で開催される会議(以下「国際競技会等」という。)の経過若しくは結果に関連して、又はその円滑な実施を妨げる目的をもつて、人を殺傷し、人に暴行を加え、人を脅迫し、又は建造物その他の物を損壊したことにより…
Open this provision(Denial of Landing)
a person who illegally possesses any narcotics or psychotropic substances as prescribed in the Narcotics and Psychotropic Control Act (Act No. 14 of 1953), opium poppy…
麻薬及び向精神薬取締法(昭和二十八年法律第十四号)に定める麻薬若しくは向精神薬、あへん法(昭和二十九年法律第七十一号)に定めるけし、あへん若しくはけしがら、覚醒剤取締法(昭和二十六年法律第二百五十二号)に定める覚醒剤若しくは覚醒剤原料又はあへん煙を吸食する器具を不法に所持する者
Open this provision(Denial of Landing)
a person who has engaged in prostitution, or intermediation or solicitation of prostitution, provision of a place for prostitution, or any other business directly connected to prostitution…
売春又はその周旋、勧誘、その場所の提供その他売春に直接に関係がある業務に従事したことのある者(人身取引等により他人の支配下に置かれていた者が当該業務に従事した場合を除く。)
Open this provision(Denial of Landing)
a person who has committed human trafficking or incited or aided another person to commit human trafficking;
人身取引等を行い、唆し、又はこれを助けた者
Open this provision(Denial of Landing)
a person who illegally possesses firearms, crossbows, swords or other weapons as prescribed in the Act for Controlling the Possession of Firearms or Swords and Other Weapons (Act No. 6 of 1958) or…
銃砲刀剣類所持等取締法(昭和三十三年法律第六号)に定める銃砲、クロスボウ若しくは刀剣類又は火薬類取締法(昭和二十五年法律第百四十九号)に定める火薬類を不法に所持する者
Open this provision(Denial of Landing)
a person who falls under any of sub-items (a) through (f) for whom the period set forth in the relevant provisions has not yet elapsed:
次のイからヘまでに掲げる者で、それぞれ当該イからヘまでに定める期間を経過していないもの
Open this provision(Denial of Landing)
a person who has been sentenced to imprisonment on the charge of a crime provided for in Part II, Chapters XII, XVI through XIX, XXIII, XXVI, XXVII, XXXI, XXXIII, XXXVI…
別表第一の上欄の在留資格をもつて本邦に在留している間に刑法(明治四十年法律第四十五号)第二編第十二章、第十六章から第十九章まで、第二十三章、第二十六章、第二十七章、第三十一章、第三十三章、第三十六章、第三十七章若しくは第三十九章の罪、暴力行為等処罰に関する法律(大正十五年法律第六十号)第一条…
Open this provision(Request for Administrative Review)
With regard to an administrative review for any of the following dispositions or failure to act, a foreign national must submit a request for an administrative review to the Minister of Justice that…
次に掲げる処分又は不作為についての審査請求は、法務大臣に対し、法務省令で定める事項を記載した審査請求書を提出してしなければならない。
Open this provision(Request for Administrative Review)
The period set forth in the main clause of Article 18, paragraph (1) of the Administrative Complaint Review Act in relation to the request for an administrative review for the dispositions set forth…
前項各号(第二号及び第五号を除く。)に掲げる処分についての審査請求に関する行政不服審査法第十八条第一項本文の期間は、第六十一条の二第四項若しくは第五項又は第六十一条の二の十第三項の規定による通知を受けた日から七日とする。
Open this provision(Permission Pertaining to Status of Residence)
If the Minister of Justice grants recognition of refugee status or recognition as a person eligible for complementary protection and the foreign national who has filed the application set forth in…
法務大臣は、難民の認定又は補完的保護対象者の認定をする場合であつて、前条第一項又は第二項の申請をした外国人が在留資格未取得外国人(別表第一又は別表第二の上欄の在留資格をもつて本邦に在留する者、一時庇護のための上陸の許可を受けた者で当該許可書に記載された期間を経過していないもの及び特別永住者以外の者をいう。以下同じ。)…
Open this provision(Permission for Provisional Stay)
If a foreign national without a status of residence files the application set forth in Article 61-2, paragraph (1) or (2), the Minister of Justice is to permit the foreign national to provisionally…
法務大臣は、在留資格未取得外国人から第六十一条の二第一項又は第二項の申請があつたときは、当該在留資格未取得外国人が次の各号のいずれかに該当する場合を除き、その者に仮に本邦に滞在することを許可するものとする。
Open this provision(Permission for Provisional Stay)
In granting the permission pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the Minister of Justice is to determine the period of stay pertaining to the permission…
法務大臣は、前項の規定による許可をする場合には、法務省令で定めるところにより、当該許可に係る滞在期間(以下「仮滞在期間」という。)を決定し、入国審査官に、当該在留資格未取得外国人に対し当該仮滞在期間を記載した仮滞在許可書を交付させるものとする。
Open this provision(Permission for Provisional Stay)
Upon receiving an application filed for extension of the period of provisional stay by a foreign national who has been granted permission pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1)…
法務大臣は、第一項の規定による許可を受けた外国人から仮滞在期間の更新の申請があつたときは、これを許可するものとする。この場合においては、第二項の規定を準用する。
Open this provision(Revocation of the Permission for Provisional Stay)
If any of the facts set forth in the following items is found regarding a foreign national who has been granted the permission pursuant to the provisions of Article 61-2-4, paragraph (1)…
法務大臣は、第六十一条の二の四第一項の規定による許可を受けた外国人について、次の各号に掲げる事実のいずれかが判明したときは、法務省令で定める手続により、当該許可を取り消すことができる。
Open this provisionRecognition of Refugee Status, etc.
If a foreign national in Japan files an application for recognition of refugee status in accordance with the procedures provided by Ministry of Justice Order…
法務大臣は、本邦にある外国人から法務省令で定める手続により難民である旨の認定の申請があつたときは、その提出した資料に基づき、その者が難民である旨の認定(以下「難民の認定」という。)を行うことができる。
Open this provisionRecognition of Refugee Status, etc.
If a foreign national in Japan files an application for recognition as a person eligible for complementary protection in accordance with the procedures provided by Ministry of Justice Order…
法務大臣は、本邦にある外国人から法務省令で定める手続により補完的保護対象者である旨の認定の申請があつたときは、その提出した資料に基づき、その者が補完的保護対象者である旨の認定(以下「補完的保護対象者の認定」という。)を行うことができる。
Open this provision(Dangerous Driving Causing Death or Injury)
A person who engages in any of the following acts is subject to punishment by imprisonment for not more than 15 years when the person thereby causes injury of another or imprisonment for a definite…
次に掲げる行為を行い、よって、人を負傷させた者は十五年以下の拘禁刑に処し、人を死亡させた者は一年以上の有期拘禁刑に処する。
Open this provision(Aggravation of Punishment in Case of Driving without a License)
When a person who has committed a crime referred to in Article 2 (excluding item (v)) (limited to persons who caused injury of another) was driving without a license at the time the person committed…
第二条(第五号を除く。)の罪を犯した者(人を負傷させた者に限る。)が、その罪を犯した時に無免許運転をしたものであるときは、六月以上の有期拘禁刑に処する。
Open this provisionforeign national
「外国人」
Anyone who does not hold Japanese nationality.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (1), item (i)· applies throughout the law
refugee
「難民」
A refugee to whom the Refugee Convention applies under Article 1 of the Convention or Article 1 of the Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (1), item (iii)· applies throughout the law
Refugee Convention
「難民条約」
The Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees.
Short name set inArticle 2, paragraph (1), item (iii)
person eligible for complementary protectionmachine translation
「補完的保護対象者」
A person who is not a refugee but meets every requirement for refugee status under the Refugee Convention except that the persecution they fear is not for one of the reasons in Article 1A(2) of the Convention.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (1), item (iii-2)· applies throughout the law
passport
「旅券」
A passport, refugee travel document or other document in place of a passport (including a travel certificate from a Japanese consular officer) issued by the Japanese government, a foreign government Japan recognizes or a competent international organization, or an equivalent document from a competent authority of a region designated by Cabinet Order.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (1), item (v)· applies throughout the law
immigration inspector
「入国審査官」
The immigration official provided for in Article 61-3, who examines people landing in Japan and cases for deportation, among other duties.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (1), item (x)· applies throughout the law
recognition of refugee statusmachine translation
「難民の認定」
The Minister of Justice's recognition, on the application of a foreign national in Japan, that the person is a refugee.
Short name set inArticle 61-2, paragraph (1)
recognition as a person eligible for complementary protectionmachine translation
「補完的保護対象者の認定」
The Minister of Justice's recognition, on the application of a foreign national in Japan, that the person is eligible for complementary protection.
Short name set inArticle 61-2, paragraph (2)
foreign national without a status of residencemachine translation
「在留資格未取得外国人」
A foreign national in Japan who holds no status of residence (在留資格): anyone other than a person staying under a status in Appended Table I or II, a person whose landing permission for temporary refuge has not yet run out, or a special permanent resident.
Defined inArticle 61-2-2, paragraph (1)
period of provisional staymachine translation
「仮滞在期間」
The length of time the Minister of Justice sets when permitting a refugee or complementary-protection applicant who has no status of residence to stay in Japan provisionally.
Short name set inArticle 61-2-4, paragraph (2)
imprisonment
拘禁刑
The punishment of being held in a penal institution (刑事施設), for life or for a fixed term of one month to twenty years (Penal Code, Article 12, paragraphs (1) and (2)); a fixed term can be raised to thirty years where the punishment is aggravated, or cut below one month where it is reduced (Article 14, paragraph (2)). To help the person reform and rehabilitate, they may be made to do work or given guidance (Article 12, paragraph (3)). It ranks below the death penalty and above a fine (罰金) among the principal punishments (Articles 9 and 10, paragraph (1)). It replaced imprisonment with work (懲役) and imprisonment without work (禁錮) when the Act Partially Amending the Penal Code, etc. (Act No. 67 of 2022) came into force (Act No. 67 of 2022, Article 2), and a person sentenced to either is treated, for the rules on a person's qualifications, as sentenced to imprisonment for the same term (Act No. 68 of 2022, Article 443, paragraph (1)).
Written by AI using Penal Code, Arts. 9, 10, 12, 14, Act No. 67 of 2022, Art. 2 and Act No. 68 of 2022, Art. 443 as a reference.
request for review
審査請求
A request to an administrative agency (行政庁) to review a disposition (処分) the person objects to, or, where the person applied for a disposition under a law or regulation and a reasonable time has passed with none made, the agency's failure to act (不作為) (Administrative Complaint Review Act, Articles 2 and 3). Unless an Act, or for a disposition based on a local ordinance (条例) that ordinance, provides otherwise, it is made to the agency that made the disposition or failed to act where that agency has no superior agency or is itself the competent minister (主任の大臣) or the head of certain agencies; where such a minister or head is the agency above it, to that minister or head; and otherwise to its highest superior agency (Article 4). Another Act can set rules of its own for it, naming another body to make it to or another route (Article 1, paragraph (2); Article 4): the Employees' Pension Insurance Act, for instance, has a request about a disposition (処分) of the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare (厚生労働大臣) on a person's status as insured, standard remuneration or insurance benefits, other than a decision on a request to correct the pension insurance register, made to a social insurance examiner (社会保険審査官), and disapplies most of the Administrative Complaint Review Act's rules for it (Employees' Pension Insurance Act, Articles 90, paragraph (1), and 91-2). Under the Administrative Complaint Review Act, a request about a disposition must be made within three months of the day after the person learned of it — or one month after learning of the decision, where a request for re-investigation (再調査の請求) was made first — and within a year of the disposition or that decision, unless there is a justifiable reason (Administrative Complaint Review Act, Article 18, paragraphs (1) and (2)). Making one does not by itself stop the disposition taking effect or being carried out, or the proceedings going on (Article 25, paragraph (1)), but the agency reviewing it can suspend them in whole or in part on the application of the person who made the request — and, where it made the disposition or is the agency above the one that did, of its own motion — and, once the person who made the request has applied, must where that is urgently needed to avoid serious harm, unless that would seriously affect the public welfare or the request appears to have no grounds (Article 25, paragraphs (2) to (4)). The agency reviewing it (審査庁) decides it by a determination (裁決): it dismisses a request that is unlawful, for instance one made too late, rejects one that is groundless, and, where one is well founded, revokes the disposition in whole or in part or changes it — though never to the disadvantage of the person who made the request, and an agency that neither made the disposition nor is above the agency that did cannot change it (Articles 45, paragraphs (1) and (2), 46, paragraph (1), and 48). Where the request is about a de facto act (事実上の行為), the determination instead declares the act unlawful or unjust and orders it abolished in whole or in part or changed, or abolishes or changes it (Article 47). A well-founded request about a failure to act ends instead in a determination declaring the failure unlawful or unjust, and, where the agency finds a disposition should be made, an order to make it or the disposition itself (Article 49, paragraph (3)). Where revoking an unlawful or unjust disposition, or abolishing an unlawful or unjust de facto act, would seriously harm the public interest, the agency can reject the request while declaring in the determination that it is unlawful or unjust (Article 45, paragraph (3)). The determination takes effect when it is served on the person who made the request — or, where someone other than the disposition's addressee made it and the determination revokes or changes the disposition or deals with a de facto act, once it is served on the addressee too — and binds the agencies concerned (Articles 51, paragraph (1), and 52, paragraph (1)).
Written by AI using Administrative Complaint Review Act, Arts. 1 to 4, 18, 25, 45 to 49, 51, 52 and Employees' Pension Insurance Act, Arts. 90, 91-2 as a reference.