If it has become clear that the assets of a liquidating stock company are not sufficient to fully discharge its debts, liquidators must immediately file a petition for the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings.
If a liquidating stock company has become subject to the ruling for the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, if liquidators have transferred their administration to the trustee in bankruptcy, they are deemed to have completed their duties.
In the cases provided for in the preceding paragraph, if the liquidating stock company has already made payments to creditors or distributions to shareholders, the trustee in bankruptcy may retrieve the same.
第四百八十五条
(裁判所の選任する清算人の報酬)Remuneration for Liquidators Appointed by the Court
If the court has appointed the liquidator under the provisions of Article 478, paragraphs (2) through (4), the court may prescribe the amount of the remuneration that the liquidating stock companies pay to relevant liquidator.
第四百八十六条
(清算人の清算株式会社に対する損害賠償責任)Liquidators' Liability to Liquidating Stock Companies for Damages
第一項
清算人は、その任務を怠ったときは、清算株式会社に対し、これによって生じた損害を賠償する責任を負う。
If a liquidator fails to discharge the liquidator's duties, the liquidator is liable to compensate these liquidating stock companies for any losses arising as a result.
If a liquidator engages in any transaction set forth in Article 356, paragraph (1), item (i) in violation of the provisions of Article 356, paragraph (1) applied mutatis mutandis under Article 482, paragraph (4), the amount of the profit obtained by the liquidator or a third party as a result of relevant transaction is presumed to be amount of the losses under the preceding paragraph.
If a liquidating stock company suffers loss as a result of the transaction provided for in Article 356, paragraph (1), item (ii) or (iii) applied mutatis mutandis under Article 482, paragraph (4), the following liquidators are presumed to have failed to discharge their duties:
一
第四百八十二条第四項において準用する第三百五十六条第一項の清算人
liquidators provided for in Article 356, paragraph (1) applied mutatis mutandis under Article 482, paragraph (4);
二
清算株式会社が当該取引をすることを決定した清算人
liquidators who decided that the liquidating stock companies would undertake relevant transaction; or
三
当該取引に関する清算人会の承認の決議に賛成した清算人
liquidators who agreed to the board of liquidators' resolution to approve relevant transaction.
The provisions of Article 424 and Article 428, paragraph (1) apply mutatis mutandis to liquidators' liability under paragraph (1). In these cases, the phrase "Article 356, paragraph (1), item (ii) (including the cases where that item is applied mutatis mutandis under Article 419, paragraph (2))" in Article 428, paragraph (1) is deemed to be replace with "Article 356, paragraph (1), item (ii) applied mutatis mutandis under Article 482, paragraph (4)".
第四百八十七条
(清算人の第三者に対する損害賠償責任)Liquidators' Liability to Third Parties
If liquidators have acted bad faith or with gross negligence in discharging their duties, relevant liquidators are liable to compensate losses arising in a third party as a result thereof.
The provisions of the preceding paragraph also apply if the liquidators commit the acts provided for in the following items; provided, however, that this does not apply if relevant liquidators have proven that they did not fail to exercise due care with respect to the performance of their duties:
the giving of false notice with respect to important matters, the notice of which must be given when soliciting persons to subscribe for shares, share options, bonds or bonds with share options or making of false statement or records with respect to materials used for the explanation regarding the business of relevant liquidating stock company and other matters for the purpose of relevant solicitation;
the making of false statements or records with respect to important matters to be stated or recorded in the property inventory of provided for in Article 492, paragraph (1) as well as the balance sheet and administration report in Article 494, paragraph (1) and the annexed detailed statements accompanying them;
三
虚偽の登記
registering a false registration; or
四
虚偽の公告
giving false public notice.
第四百八十八条
(清算人及び監査役の連帯責任)Joint and Several Liabilities of and Company Auditors
If liquidators or company auditors are liable to compensate losses arising in the liquidating stock companies or a third party, if other liquidators or company auditors are also liable, these persons will be joint and several obligors.
第二項
前項の場合には、第四百三十条の規定は、適用しない。
In the cases provided for in the preceding paragraph, the provisions of Article 430 do not apply.
第四目 清算人会
第四百八十九条
(清算人会の権限等)Authority of Board of Liquidators
第一項
清算人会は、すべての清算人で組織する。
Board of liquidators is organized by all liquidators.
第二項
清算人会は、次に掲げる職務を行う。
Board of liquidators performs the following duties:
一
清算人会設置会社の業務執行の決定
deciding the execution of the business of the company with board of liquidators;
二
清算人の職務の執行の監督
supervising the execution of the duties by liquidators; and
三
代表清算人の選定及び解職
appointing and removing representative liquidators.
Board of liquidators must appoint representative liquidators from among the liquidators; provided, however, that this does not apply if there are other representative liquidators.
Board of liquidators may remove representative liquidators it appointed and persons who became representative liquidators pursuant to the provisions of Article 483, paragraph (4).
If the court has prescribed representative liquidators under the provisions of Article 483, paragraph (5), the board of liquidators cannot select or remove the representative liquidators.
第六項
清算人会は、次に掲げる事項その他の重要な業務執行の決定を清算人に委任することができない。
Board of liquidators cannot delegate the decisions on the execution of important business such as the following matters to the liquidators:
一
重要な財産の処分及び譲受け
the disposal and acceptance of transfer of important assets;
二
多額の借財
borrowing in a significant amount;
三
支配人その他の重要な使用人の選任及び解任
the appointment and dismissal of managers or other important employees;
四
支店その他の重要な組織の設置、変更及び廃止
the establishment, change or closure of branch offices and other important structures;
the matters set forth in Article 676, item (i)and other matters prescribed by Ministry of Justice Order as important matters regarding the solicitation of persons to subscribe for bonds; or
the development of systems necessary to ensure that the execution of the duties by the liquidators comply with the laws and regulations and the articles of incorporation, and other systems prescribed by Ministry of Justice Order as the systems necessary to ensure the proper business of a liquidating stock company.
第七項
次に掲げる清算人は、清算人会設置会社の業務を執行する。
The following liquidators execute the business of the company with board of liquidators:
a liquidator other than a representative liquidator who is appointed by the resolution of the board of liquidators as the liquidator who is to execute the business of a company with board of liquidators.
The provisions of Article 363, paragraph (2), Article 364 and Article 365 apply mutatis mutandis to a company with board of liquidators. In these cases, in Article 363, paragraph (2), the phrase "each item of the preceding paragraph" is deemed to be replaced with "each item of Article 489, paragraph (7)", the term "director" is deemed to be replaced with "liquidator", the term "board of directors" is deemed to be replaced with as "board of liquidators"; in Article 364, the term "Article 353" is deemed to be replaced with "Article 353 applied mutatis mutandis under Article 482, paragraph (4)", the term "board of directors" is deemed to be replaced with "board of liquidators"; in Article 365, paragraph (1), the term "Article 356" is deemed to be replaced with "Article 356 applied mutatis mutandis under Article 482, paragraph (4)", the term "board of directors" is deemed to be replaced with "board of liquidators"; and in Article 365, paragraph (2), the phrase "each item of Article 356, paragraph (1)" is deemed to be replaced with "each item of Article 356, paragraph (1) applied mutatis mutandis under Article 482, paragraph (4)", the term "director" is deemed to be replaced with as "liquidator", and the phrase "to the board of directors" is deemed to be replaced with "to the board of liquidators".
A board of liquidators meeting is convened by each liquidator; provided, however, that, if the liquidator who convenes the board of liquidators meeting is prescribed by the articles of incorporation or the board of liquidators, relevant liquidator convenes the meeting.
In the case provided for in the proviso to the preceding paragraph, liquidators other than the liquidator prescribed under the provisions of the proviso to that paragraph (hereinafter in this paragraph referred to as "convener") may request the convener that the convener convene the board of liquidators meeting by indicating to the convener the matters that are the purpose of the board of liquidators meeting.
If the convener fails to send, within five days from the day of the request under the provisions of preceding paragraph, any notice of convocation of a board of liquidators meeting that specifies a day falling within two weeks from the day of that request as the day of the board of liquidators meeting, the liquidators who made that request may convene the board of liquidators meeting.
The provisions of Article 367 and Article 368 apply mutatis mutandis to the convocation of the board of liquidators meeting at a company with board of liquidators. In these cases, in Article 367, paragraph (1), the phrase "a company with company auditor, company with audit and supervisory committee and company with nominating committee, etc." is deemed to be replaced with "a company with company auditor", the phrase "any director" is deemed to be replaced with "any liquidator"; in paragraph (2) of the same Article, the phrase "to the directors (or to the convener in the case provided for in the proviso to paragraph (1) of the preceding Article)" is deemed to be replaced with "to the liquidators (or to the convener provided for in Article 490, paragraph (2) in the case provided for in the proviso to paragraph (1) of that Article)"; in paragraph (3) and paragraph (4) of the same Article, the phrase "paragraph (3) of the preceding Article" is deemed to be replaced with "Article 490, paragraph (3)"; in Article 368, paragraph (1),the term "each director" is deemed to be replaced with "each liquidator"; and in paragraph (2) of the same Article, the phrase "directors (or" is deemed to be replaced with "liquidators (or", and "directors and" is deemed to be replaced with "liquidators and".
The provisions of Article 369 through Article 371 apply mutatis mutandis to the resolution of board of liquidators in companies with board of liquidators. In these cases, in Article 369, paragraph (1), the term "of the directors" is deemed to be replaced with "of the liquidators"; in paragraph (2) of the same Article, the term "directors" is deemed to be replaced with "liquidators"; in paragraph (3) of the same Article, the phrase "directors and" is deemed to be replaced with "liquidators and"; in paragraph (5) of the same Article, the phrase "directors who" is deemed to be replaced with "liquidators who"; in Article 370, the phrase "directors submit" is deemed to be replaced with "liquidators submit", and the phrase "directors (" is deemed to be replaced with "liquidators ("; in Article 371, paragraph (3), the phrase "a company with company auditor, company with audit and supervisory committee, and company with nominating committee etc." is deemed to be replaced with "a company with company auditor"; and in paragraph (4) of the same Article, the phrase "officers or executive officers" is deemed to be replaced with "liquidators or company auditors".
The provisions of Article 372, paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis to the report to board of liquidators at a company with board of liquidators. In these cases, in Article 372, paragraph (1), the phrase "the directors, accounting advisors, company auditors or financial auditors" is deemed to be replaced with "liquidators or company auditors", the phrase "directors (" is deemed to be replaced with "liquidators (", and "directors and" is deemed to be replaced with "liquidators and"; and in Article 372, paragraph (2), and the term "Article 363, paragraph (2)" is deemed to be replaced with "Article 363, paragraph (2)applied mutatis mutandis under Article 489, paragraph (8)";
With respect to liquidating stock companies, out of the provisions in Chapter II (excluding Article 155), Chapter III, Section 1 of Chapter IV, Article 335, paragraph (2), Article 343, paragraph (1) and paragraph (2), Article 345, paragraph (4) applied mutatis mutandis under paragraph (4) of that Article, Article 359, Section 7 and Section 8 of Chapter IV and Chapter VII, provisions regarding directors, representative directors, board of directors or company with board of directors apply to liquidators, representative liquidators, board of liquidators or company with board of liquidators as provisions regarding liquidators, representative liquidators, board of liquidators or company with board of liquidators, respectively.
Liquidators (or, for companies with board of liquidators, liquidators set forth in each item of Article 489, paragraph (7)) must investigate the current status of the assets of the liquidating stock companies and prepare, pursuant to the provisions of Ministry of Justice Order, the inventory of property and the balance sheet as of the day when the liquidating stock companies has fallen under any of the cases set forth in each item of Article 475 (hereinafter in this Article and following Article referred to as "inventory of property"), without delay after assuming the office.
第二項
清算人会設置会社においては、財産目録等は、清算人会の承認を受けなければならない。
At a company with board of liquidators, the inventory of property must be approved by the board of liquidators.
Liquidators must submit or provide the inventory of property (or, if the provisions of the preceding paragraph apply, the inventory of property approved under that paragraph) to the shareholders meeting and obtain the approval of the same.
A liquidating stock company must retain its inventory of property from the time of the preparation of relevant inventory of property until the registration completion of the liquidation at the location of its head office.