A liquidator represents the liquidating stock company; provided, however, that this does not apply if representative liquidators (meaning liquidators who represent the liquidating stock company; the same applies hereinafter) or other persons who represent the liquidating stock company are otherwise prescribed.
清算人は、清算株式会社を代表する。ただし、他に代表清算人（清算株式会社を代表する清算人をいう。以下同じ。）その他清算株式会社を代表する者を定めた場合は、この限りでない。
If there are two or more liquidators referred to in the main clause of the preceding paragraph, each liquidator represents the liquidating stock company individually.
A liquidating stock company (excluding a company with board of liquidators) may appoint representative liquidators from among the liquidators under the articles of incorporation, or through the appointment by the liquidators (excluding those that are appointed by the court pursuant to the provisions of Article 478, paragraphs (2) through (4); hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph) from among themselves pursuant to the applicable provisions of the articles of incorporation, or by the resolution at the shareholders meeting.
清算株式会社（清算人会設置会社を除く。）は、定款、定款の定めに基づく清算人（第四百七十八条第二項から第四項までの規定により裁判所が選任したものを除く。以下この項において同じ。）の互選又は株主総会の決議によって、清算人の中から代表清算人を定めることができる。
If directors become liquidators pursuant to the provisions of Article 478, paragraph (1), item (i), if representative directors are already specified, relevant representative directors will be the representative liquidators.
第四百七十八条第一項第一号の規定により取締役が清算人となる場合において、代表取締役を定めていたときは、当該代表取締役が代表清算人となる。
If the court appoints liquidators pursuant to the provisions of Article 478, paragraphs (2) through (4), it may prescribe representative liquidators from among those liquidators.
裁判所は、第四百七十八条第二項から第四項までの規定により清算人を選任する場合には、その清算人の中から代表清算人を定めることができる。
The provisions of Article 349, paragraphs (4) and (5) and Article 351 apply mutatis mutandis to representative liquidators, and the provisions of Article 352 apply mutatis mutandis to persons who are appointed by the provisional disposition order provided for in Article 56 of the Civil Provisional Remedies Act to perform the duties of liquidators or representative liquidators on behalf of them, respectively.
第三百四十九条第四項及び第五項並びに第三百五十一条の規定は代表清算人について、第三百五十二条の規定は民事保全法第五十六条に規定する仮処分命令により選任された清算人又は代表清算人の職務を代行する者について、それぞれ準用する。
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(Representatives of Companies)
Representative directors have authority to do any and all judicial and non-judicial acts in connection with the operations of the stock company.
代表取締役は、株式会社の業務に関する一切の裁判上又は裁判外の行為をする権限を有する。
Open this provision(Representatives of Companies)
No limitation on the authority under the preceding paragraph may be asserted against a third party in good faith.
前項の権限に加えた制限は、善意の第三者に対抗することができない。
Open this provision(Measures When Vacancy Arises in Office of Representative Director)
Where there are no representative directors in office, or where there is a vacancy which results in a shortfall in the number of representative directors prescribed in the articles of incorporation…
代表取締役が欠けた場合又は定款で定めた代表取締役の員数が欠けた場合には、任期の満了又は辞任により退任した代表取締役は、新たに選定された代表取締役（次項の一時代表取締役の職務を行うべき者を含む。）が就任するまで、なお代表取締役としての権利義務を有する。
Open this provision(Authority of Persons Who Perform Duties on Behalf of Directors)
A person who is appointed by a provisional disposition order provided for in Article 56 of the Civil Provisional Remedies Act (Act No. 91 of 1989) to perform the duties of directors or representative…
民事保全法（平成元年法律第九十一号）第五十六条に規定する仮処分命令により選任された取締役又は代表取締役の職務を代行する者は、仮処分命令に別段の定めがある場合を除き、株式会社の常務に属しない行為をするには、裁判所の許可を得なければならない。
Open this provision(Assumption of Office of Liquidators)
a director (excluding cases where persons set forth in the following item or in item (iii) exist);
取締役（次号又は第三号に掲げる者がある場合を除く。）
Open this provision(Assumption of Office of Liquidators)
In the absence of a liquidator under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the court appoints the liquidator in response to the petition by the interested parties.
前項の規定により清算人となる者がないときは、裁判所は、利害関係人の申立てにより、清算人を選任する。
Open this provision(Assumption of Office of Liquidators)
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, with respect to a liquidating stock company that has dissolved on the grounds set forth in Article 471, item (vi)…
前二項の規定にかかわらず、第四百七十一条第六号に掲げる事由によって解散した清算株式会社については、裁判所は、利害関係人若しくは法務大臣の申立てにより又は職権で、清算人を選任する。
Open this provision(Assumption of Office of Liquidators)
Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2), with respect to a liquidating stock company that has fallen under the cases set forth in Article 475, item (ii) or item (iii)…
第一項及び第二項の規定にかかわらず、第四百七十五条第二号又は第三号に掲げる場合に該当することとなった清算株式会社については、裁判所は、利害関係人の申立てにより、清算人を選任する。
Open this provision(Representatives of Liquidating Stock Companies)
A liquidator represents the liquidating stock company; provided, however, that this does not apply if representative liquidators…
清算人は、清算株式会社を代表する。ただし、他に代表清算人（清算株式会社を代表する清算人をいう。以下同じ。）その他清算株式会社を代表する者を定めた場合は、この限りでない。
Open this provision(Representatives of Liquidating Stock Companies)
A liquidating stock company (excluding a company with board of liquidators) may appoint representative liquidators from among the liquidators under the articles of incorporation…
清算株式会社（清算人会設置会社を除く。）は、定款、定款の定めに基づく清算人（第四百七十八条第二項から第四項までの規定により裁判所が選任したものを除く。以下この項において同じ。）の互選又は株主総会の決議によって、清算人の中から代表清算人を定めることができる。
Open this provisionrepresentative director
「代表取締役」
A director who represents a stock company, acting in its name toward everyone else.
Defined inArticle 47, paragraph (1)
liquidating stock companies
「清算株式会社」
A stock company that is being wound up, which is treated as still existing for the purposes of the liquidation until the liquidation is completed.
Short name set inArticle 476, paragraph (1)
company with board of liquidatorsmachine translation
「清算人会設置会社」
A liquidating stock company that has a board of liquidators, or that this Act requires to have one.
Defined inArticle 478, paragraph (8)
representative liquidatormachine translation
「代表清算人」
A liquidator who represents a stock company that is being wound up (a liquidating stock company).
Defined inArticle 483, paragraph (1)
articles of incorporation
定款
A company's own basic rules, written by its founders when it is formed: at least its purpose, its trade name, where its head office is, the value of the property contributed at incorporation and who the founders are (Companies Act, Article 27). A stock company's must be certified by a notary before it takes effect (Article 30, paragraph (1)), and can later be changed by a resolution of the shareholders meeting (Article 466). Many rules in the Act apply "unless the articles of incorporation provide otherwise", so a company's articles decide a great deal of how the Act applies to it.
Written by AI using Companies Act, Arts. 26, 27, 30, 466, 575 as a reference.
director
取締役
An officer of a stock company, elected by the shareholders meeting (Companies Act, Article 329, paragraph (1)). Every stock company has at least one (Article 326, paragraph (1)). Where there is no board of directors, the directors run the company's business unless the articles of incorporation say otherwise (Article 348, paragraph (1)), and each of them represents it unless the company has chosen representative directors (代表取締役) or others to do that (Article 349, paragraphs (1) and (3)). Where there is a board (取締役会, board of directors), the directors are its members, and the board decides the business and normally chooses the representative directors from among them (Article 362). The term normally runs to the annual shareholders meeting for the last business year ending within two years of election (Article 332, paragraph (1)).
Written by AI using Companies Act, Arts. 326, 329, 332, 348, 349, 362 as a reference.
shareholders meeting
株主総会
The meeting of a stock company's shareholders, and the body through which they decide the company's basic matters. It elects the directors and company auditors (Companies Act, Article 329, paragraph (1)) and changes the articles of incorporation (Article 466). In a company without a board of directors it may decide any matter about the company; in one with a board, only what the Act or the articles of incorporation leave to it (Article 295). An annual shareholders meeting must be called after the end of every business year, and another may be called whenever needed (Article 296). A resolution normally passes by a majority of the votes present, with holders of a majority of the votes entitled to vote attending (Article 309, paragraph (1)).
Written by AI using Companies Act, Arts. 295, 296, 309, 329, 466 as a reference.