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Civil Code

民法(みんぽう)

Chapter V Guardianship of Minors (Articles 838 to 856)

The law as Act Partially Amending the Civil Code, etc. (Act No. 45 of 2026) leaves it, with the words it changes marked.

The main text is read a page at a time: a chapter to a page, and a long chapter in runs of articles. The whole main text, and the supplementary provisions and appended tables this amendment changes. Those it leaves untouched are on the page for the text in force.

第五章 未成年後見Changed

第一節 未成年後見の開始Changed

Article 838第八百三十八条

3 changes in this article
Article 838, paragraph (1)Changed

Guardianship of a minor commences if: there is no person exercising parental authority over a minor, or if the person exercising parental authority does not have the right to manage the minor's property.

未成年後見は、次に掲げる場合未成年者に対して親権を行う者がないとき、又は親権を行う者が管理権を有しないときに開始する。

Article 838, paragraph (1), item (i)Removed

there is no person exercising parental authority over a minor, or the person exercising parental authority does not have the right to manage the minor's property;

未成年者に対して親権を行う者がないとき、又は親権を行う者が管理権を有しないとき。

Article 838, paragraph (1), item (ii)Removed

there has been a decision to establish a guardianship.

後見開始の審判があったとき。

第二節 未成年後見の機関Changed

第一款 未成年後見人Changed

Article 839第八百三十九条

Designation of a Guardian for a Minor(未成年後見人の指定)
Article 839, paragraph (1)

The person last exercising parental authority over a minor may designate a guardian for the minor by a will; provided, however, that this does not apply to a person who has no right to manage the minor's property.

未成年者に対して最後に親権を行う者は、遺言で、未成年後見人を指定することができる。ただし、管理権を有しない者は、この限りでない。

Article 839, paragraph (2)

If one of the parents exercising parental authority does not have the right to manage the child's property, the other parent may designate a guardian for the minor pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

親権を行う父母の一方が管理権を有しないときは、他の一方は、前項の規定により未成年後見人の指定をすることができる。

Article 840第八百四十条

Appointment of a Guardian for a Minor(未成年後見人の選任)
Article 840, paragraph (1)

If there is no person to become the guardian of a minor pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article, the family court may appoint a guardian for the minor at the request of the prospective minor ward, the relative thereof, or any other interested party. This also applies if the minor comes to no longer have such a guardian.

前条の規定により未成年後見人となるべき者がないときは、家庭裁判所は、未成年被後見人又はその親族その他の利害関係人の請求によって、未成年後見人を選任する。未成年後見人が欠けたときも、同様とする。

Article 840, paragraph (2)

Even if a minor has a guardian, the family court may appoint a further guardian if it finds this to be necessary, at the request of a person provided for in the preceding paragraph, at the request of the guardian of the minor, or sua sponte.

未成年後見人がある場合においても、家庭裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、前項に規定する者若しくは未成年後見人の請求により又は職権で、更に未成年後見人を選任することができる。

Article 840, paragraph (3)

In appointing a guardian for a minor, the family court must consider the age, physical and mental condition, circumstances in the daily life, and financial circumstances of the minor ward, the occupation and personal history of the person becoming the guardian, the existence of any vested interest between them (if the person becoming the guardian is a corporation, the type and content of its business and the existence of any vested interest between the minor ward and the corporation or its representative), the opinion of the minor ward, and all other circumstances.

未成年後見人を選任するには、未成年被後見人の年齢、心身の状態並びに生活及び財産の状況、未成年後見人となる者の職業及び経歴並びに未成年被後見人との利害関係の有無(未成年後見人となる者が法人であるときは、その事業の種類及び内容並びにその法人及びその代表者と未成年被後見人との利害関係の有無)、未成年被後見人の意見その他一切の事情を考慮しなければならない。

Article 841第八百四十一条

Request by the Parents for Appointment of a Guardian for a Minor(父母による未成年後見人の選任の請求)
Article 841, paragraph (1)

If the father or mother surrenders parental authority or the right to manage the child's property, or if the necessity of appointing a guardian for a minor arises as a result of a ruling affirming the loss of parental authority, suspending parental authority, or affirming the loss of the right to manage the child's property, the father or mother, without delay, must request the family court to appoint a guardian.

父若しくは母が親権若しくは管理権を辞し、又は父若しくは母について親権喪失、親権停止若しくは管理権喪失の審判があったことによって未成年後見人を選任する必要が生じたときは、その父又は母は、遅滞なく未成年後見人の選任を家庭裁判所に請求しなければならない。

Article 842, paragraph (1)Removed

Deleted

削除

Article 843第八百四十三条Caption removed

Appointment of a Guardian for an Adult

成年後見人の選任

Article 843, paragraph (1)(成年後見人の選任)(Appointment of a Guardian for an Adult)Removed

The family court appoints a guardian for an adult sua sponte if it reaches the decision to establish a guardianship.

家庭裁判所は、後見開始の審判をするときは、職権で、成年後見人を選任する。

Article 843, paragraph (2)(成年後見人の選任)(Appointment of a Guardian for an Adult)Removed

If an adult ward comes to no longer have a guardian, the family court appoints a guardian at the request of the adult ward, the relative or other interested party thereof, or sua sponte.

成年後見人が欠けたときは、家庭裁判所は、成年被後見人若しくはその親族その他の利害関係人の請求により又は職権で、成年後見人を選任する。

Article 843, paragraph (3)(成年後見人の選任)(Appointment of a Guardian for an Adult)Removed

Even if an adult has been appointed a guardian, the family court may appoint a further guardian for the adult if it finds this to be necessary, at the request of a person provided for in the preceding paragraph, at the request of the guardian of the adult, or sua sponte.

成年後見人が選任されている場合においても、家庭裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、前項に規定する者若しくは成年後見人の請求により又は職権で、更に成年後見人を選任することができる。

Article 843, paragraph (4)(成年後見人の選任)(Appointment of a Guardian for an Adult)Removed

In appointing a guardian for an adult, the family court must consider the physical and mental condition, circumstances in the daily life, and financial circumstances of the adult ward, the occupation and personal history of the person becoming the guardian, the existence of any vested interest between them (if the person becoming the guardian is a corporation, the type and content of its business and the existence of any vested interest between the adult ward and the corporation or its representative), the opinion of the adult ward, and all other circumstances.

成年後見人を選任するには、成年被後見人の心身の状態並びに生活及び財産の状況、成年後見人となる者の職業及び経歴並びに成年被後見人との利害関係の有無(成年後見人となる者が法人であるときは、その事業の種類及び内容並びにその法人及びその代表者と成年被後見人との利害関係の有無)、成年被後見人の意見その他一切の事情を考慮しなければならない。

Articles 842 to 843第八百四十二条から第八百四十三条まで

1 change in this article
Articles 842 to 843, paragraph (1)Added

Deleted

削除

Article 844第八百四十四条Caption changed

Resignation of the Guardian of a Minor

未成年後見人の辞任

1 change in this article
Article 844, paragraph (1)(未成年後見人の辞任)Resignation of the Guardian of a MinorChanged

If there is a legitimate reason, the guardian of an adulta minor may resign from the role of guardian, with the permission of the family court.

未成年後見人は、正当な事由があるときは、家庭裁判所の許可を得て、その任務を辞することができる。

Article 845第八百四十五条Caption changed

Request by the Resigning Guardian of a Minor for the Appointment of a New Guardian of a Minor

辞任した未成年後見人による新たな未成年後見人の選任の請求

1 change in this article
Article 845, paragraph (1)(辞任した未成年後見人による新たな未成年後見人の選任の請求)Request by the Resigning Guardian of a Minor for the Appointment of a New Guardian of a MinorChanged

If the need arises for a new guardian of a minor to be appointed due to a guardian's guardian of a minor's resignation from the role, the resigning guardian of a minor, without delay, must request the family court to appoint a new guardian of a minor.

未成年後見人がその任務を辞したことによって新たに未成年後見人を選任する必要が生じたときは、その辞任した未成年後見人は、遅滞なく新たな未成年後見人の選任を家庭裁判所に請求しなければならない。

Article 846第八百四十六条Caption changed

Dismissal of the Guardian of a Minor

未成年後見人の解任

1 change in this article
Article 846, paragraph (1)(未成年後見人の解任)Dismissal of the Guardian of a MinorChanged

In the event of an unlawful act or grave misconduct on the part of the guardian of a minor or in the event of any other circumstances that render the guardian of a minor unfit for the duties of the guardianship of a minor, the family court may replace the guardian of a minor at the request of the supervisor for the guardian supervisorof a minor, the minor ward, the relative thereof, or the public prosecutor, or sua sponte.

未成年後見人に不正な行為、著しい不行跡その他未成年後見の任務に適しない事由があるときは、家庭裁判所は、未成年後見監督人、未成年被後見人若しくはその親族若しくは検察官の請求により又は職権で、これを解任することができる。

Article 847第八百四十七条Caption changed

Grounds for Ineligibility as Guardian of a Minor

未成年後見人の欠格事由

3 changes in this article
Article 847, paragraph (1)(未成年後見人の欠格事由)Grounds for Ineligibility as Guardian of a MinorChanged

None of the following persons may become a guardian of a minor:

次に掲げる者は、未成年後見人となることができない。

Article 847, paragraph (1), item (i)(未成年後見人の欠格事由)

a minor;

未成年者

Article 847, paragraph (1), item (ii)(未成年後見人の欠格事由)Grounds for Ineligibility as Guardian of a MinorChanged

a legal representative, curator, or assistant who has been replaced by the family court (excluding one who was replaced on the grounds set forth in Article 876-5, item (iii));

家庭裁判所で免ぜられた法定代理人、保佐人又は補助人(第八百七十六条の五第三号の事由により解任されたものを除く。)

Article 847, paragraph (1), item (iii)(未成年後見人の欠格事由)

a bankrupt;

破産者

Article 847, paragraph (1), item (iv)(未成年後見人の欠格事由)Grounds for Ineligibility as Guardian of a MinorChanged

a person who is bringing or has brought an action against the minor ward, the spouse of such a person, or a lineal blood relative thereof; or

未成年被後見人に対して訴訟をし、又はした者並びにその配偶者及び直系血族

Article 847, paragraph (1), item (v)(未成年後見人の欠格事由)

a person whose whereabouts are unknown.

行方の知れない者

第二款 未成年後見監督人Changed

Article 848第八百四十八条

Designation of a Supervisor for the Guardian of a Minor(未成年後見監督人の指定)
Article 848, paragraph (1)

A person who may designate a guardian for a minor may designate a supervisor for the guardian of the minor, by a will.

未成年後見人を指定することができる者は、遺言で、未成年後見監督人を指定することができる。

Article 849第八百四十九条Caption changed

Appointment of a Supervisor for the Guardian Supervisorof a Minor

未成年後見監督人の選任

1 change in this article
Article 849, paragraph (1)(未成年後見監督人の選任)Appointment of a Supervisor for the Guardian of a MinorChanged

The family court may appoint a supervisor for the guardian supervisor of a minor if it finds this to be necessary, at the request of a minor ward or the relative thereof, at the request of the guardian of a minor, or sua sponte.

家庭裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、未成年被後見人、その親族若しくは未成年後見人の請求により又は職権で、未成年後見監督人を選任することができる。

Article 850第八百五十条Caption changed

Grounds for Ineligibility as Supervisor for the Guardian Supervisorof a Minor

未成年後見監督人の欠格事由

1 change in this article
Article 850, paragraph (1)(未成年後見監督人の欠格事由)Grounds for Ineligibility as Supervisor for the Guardian of a MinorChanged

The spouse, lineal blood relative, or sibling of the guardian of a minor may not become the supervisor of thatfor the guardian of a minor.

未成年後見人の配偶者、直系血族及び兄弟姉妹は、未成年後見監督人となることができない。

Article 851第八百五十一条Caption changed

Duties of the Supervisor for the Guardian Supervisorof a Minor

未成年後見監督人の職務

4 changes in this article
Article 851, paragraph (1)(未成年後見監督人の職務)Duties of the Supervisor for the Guardian of a MinorChanged

The duties of a supervisor for the guardian supervisorof a minor are as follows:

未成年後見監督人の職務は、次のとおりとする。

Article 851, paragraph (1), item (i)(未成年後見監督人の職務)Duties of the Supervisor for the Guardian of a MinorChanged

to supervise the administration of the guardian of a minor;

未成年後見人の事務を監督すること。

Article 851, paragraph (1), item (ii)(未成年後見監督人の職務)Duties of the Supervisor for the Guardian of a MinorChanged

to apply to the family court without delay to appoint a guardian of a minor if there comes to no longer be a guardian of a minor;

未成年後見人が欠けた場合に、遅滞なくその選任を家庭裁判所に請求すること。

Article 851, paragraph (1), item (iii)(未成年後見監督人の職務)

to take the necessary measures in the event of an emergency; and

急迫の事情がある場合に、必要な処分をすること。

Article 851, paragraph (1), item (iv)(未成年後見監督人の職務)Duties of the Supervisor for the Guardian of a MinorChanged

to represent the minor ward with respect to acts that constitute a conflict of interest between the minor ward and the guardian of a minor or the person representing the guardian of a minor represents.

未成年後見人又はその代表する者と未成年被後見人との利益が相反する行為について未成年被後見人を代表すること。

Article 852第八百五十二条Caption changed

Mutatis Mutandis Application of Mandate and Guardian of a Minor Provisions

委任及び未成年後見人の規定の準用

1 change in this article
Article 852, paragraph (1)(委任及び未成年後見人の規定の準用)Mutatis Mutandis Application of Mandate and Guardian of a Minor ProvisionsChanged

The provisions of Article 644; Article 654; Article 655; Article 844; Article 846; Article 847; Article 861840, paragraph (23); and Article 862 apply mutatis mutandis to a guardian supervisor; the provisions of 844; Article 840, paragraph (3) and846; Article 857-2 apply mutatis mutandis to the supervisor for the guardian of a minor, and the provisions of847; Article 858; Article 843861, paragraph (42); Article 859-2; and Article 859-3862 apply mutatis mutandis to thea supervisor for the guardian of an adulta minor.

第六百四十四条、第六百五十四条、第六百五十五条、第八百四十四条、第八百四十六条条第三項、第八百四十七四条、第八百六十一条第二項及び第八百六十二条の規定は後見監督人について四十六条、第八百四十条第三項及び第八百五十七条の二の規定は未成年後見監督人について七条、第八百四十三条第四項五十八条、第八百五十九条の二六十一条第二項及び第八百五十九条の三の六十二条の規定は、未成年後見監督人について準用する。

第三節 未成年後見の事務Changed

Article 853第八百五十三条

Searching for Assets, Preparing an Inventory(財産の調査及び目録の作成)
2 changes in this article
Article 853, paragraph (1)(財産の調査及び目録の作成)(Searching for Assets, Preparing an Inventory)Changed

A guardian of a minor must undertake a search for the minor ward's assetsproperty without delay, and must finish the search and prepare an inventory within one month; provided, however, that this period may be extended with the approval of the family court.

未成年後見人は、遅滞なく未成年被後見人の財産の調査に着手し、一箇月以内に、その調査を終わり、かつ、その目録を作成しなければならない。ただし、この期間は、家庭裁判所において伸長することができる。

Article 853, paragraph (2)(財産の調査及び目録の作成)(Searching for Assets, Preparing an Inventory)Changed

The search for assets and preparation of an inventory is not valid unless conducted in the presence of the supervisor for the guardian supervisorof a minor, if there is one.

財産の調査及びその目録の作成は、未成年後見監督人があるときは、その立会いをもってしなければ、その効力を生じない。

Article 854第八百五十四条

Authority Prior to Completion of the Inventory of Property(財産の目録の作成前の権限)
1 change in this article
Article 854, paragraph (1)(財産の目録の作成前の権限)(Authority Prior to Completion of the Inventory of Property)Changed

Until completing the inventory of property, the guardian of a minor has only the authority to take those actions that urgently need to be taken; provided, however, that this may not be asserted against a third party in good faith.

未成年後見人は、財産の目録の作成を終わるまでは、急迫の必要がある行為のみをする権限を有する。ただし、これをもって善意の第三者に対抗することができない。

Article 855第八百五十五条Caption changed

Guardian's Duty of the Guardian of a Minor to Report Claims and Obligations in Respect of the Minor Ward

未成年後見人の未成年被後見人に対する債権又は債務の申出義務

2 changes in this article
Article 855, paragraph (1)(未成年後見人の未成年被後見人に対する債権又は債務の申出義務)Duty of the Guardian of a Minor to Report Claims and Obligations in Respect of the Minor WardChanged

If a guardian of a minor holds a claim against the minor ward or bears an obligation thereto, the guardian of a minor must report this to the supervisor for the guardian of a minor, if there is one, before undertaking the search for assets.

未成年後見人が、未成年被後見人に対し、債権を有し、又は債務を負う場合において、未成年後見監督人があるときは、財産の調査に着手する前に、これを未成年後見監督人に申し出なければならない。

Article 855, paragraph (2)(未成年後見人の未成年被後見人に対する債権又は債務の申出義務)Duty of the Guardian of a Minor to Report Claims and Obligations in Respect of the Minor WardChanged

If a guardian of a minor knows of a claim that the guardian holds against the minor ward and does not report it, this claim is lost.

未成年後見人が、未成年被後見人に対し債権を有することを知ってこれを申し出ないときは、その債権を失う。

Article 856第八百五十六条Caption changed

Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions If a Minor Ward Acquires Property under Universal Title

未成年被後見人が包括財産を取得した場合についての準用

1 change in this article
Article 856, paragraph (1)(未成年被後見人が包括財産を取得した場合についての準用)Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions If a Minor Ward Acquires Property under Universal TitleChanged

The provisions of the preceding three Articles apply mutatis mutandis if the minor ward acquires property under universal title after the guardian of a minor begins that role.

前三条の規定は、未成年後見人が就職した後未成年被後見人が包括財産を取得した場合について準用する。

Change 1 of 44
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