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Civil Code

民法(みんぽう)

Chapter X Mortgages (Articles 369 to 390)

The law as Act Partially Amending the Civil Code, etc. (Act No. 45 of 2026) leaves it, with the words it changes marked.

The main text is read a page at a time: a chapter to a page, and a long chapter in runs of articles. The whole main text, and the supplementary provisions and appended tables this amendment changes. Those it leaves untouched are on the page for the text in force.

Chapter X Mortgages第十章 抵当権

Section 1 General Provisions第一節 総則

Article 369第三百六十九条

Content of Mortgages(抵当権の内容)
Article 369, paragraph (1)

A mortgagee has the right to have the mortgagee's claim satisfied before other obligees out of the immovables that the obligor or a third party provided to secure the obligation without transferring possession.

抵当権者は、債務者又は第三者が占有を移転しないで債務の担保に供した不動産について、他の債権者に先立って自己の債権の弁済を受ける権利を有する。

Article 369, paragraph (2)

Superficies and farming rights may be the subject of a mortgage. In this case, the provisions of this Chapter apply mutatis mutandis.

地上権及び永小作権も、抵当権の目的とすることができる。この場合においては、この章の規定を準用する。

Article 370第三百七十条

Scope of Effect of Mortgages(抵当権の効力の及ぶ範囲)
Article 370, paragraph (1)

A mortgage extends to the things that form an integral part of the immovables that are the subject of the mortgage (referred to as "mortgaged immovables" below) except for buildings on the mortgaged land; provided, however, that this does not apply if the act establishing the mortgage provides otherwise or the revocation of fraudulent act may be demanded as prescribed in Article 424, paragraph (3) with regard to the act of the obligor.

抵当権は、抵当地の上に存する建物を除き、その目的である不動産(以下「抵当不動産」という。)に付加して一体となっている物に及ぶ。ただし、設定行為に別段の定めがある場合及び債務者の行為について第四百二十四条第三項に規定する詐害行為取消請求をすることができる場合は、この限りでない。

Article 371第三百七十一条

Article 371, paragraph (1)

If there is a default with respect to a claim secured by a mortgage, the mortgage extends to the fruits of the mortgaged immovables (limited to those that have not been collected).

抵当権は、その担保する債権について不履行があったときは、抵当不動産の果実(収取されていないものに限る。)に及ぶ。

Article 372第三百七十二条

Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on Right of Retention(留置権等の規定の準用)
Article 372, paragraph (1)

The provisions of Article 296, Article 304 and Article 351 apply mutatis mutandis to mortgages.

第二百九十六条、第三百四条及び第三百五十一条の規定は、抵当権について準用する。

Section 2 Effect of Mortgages第二節 抵当権の効力

Article 373第三百七十三条

Order of Priority of Mortgages(抵当権の順位)
Article 373, paragraph (1)

If more than one mortgage is created with respect to the same immovables, the order of priority of those mortgages follows the chronological order of their registration.

同一の不動産について数個の抵当権が設定されたときは、その抵当権の順位は、登記の前後による。

Article 374第三百七十四条

Changes in Order of Priority of Mortgages(抵当権の順位の変更)
Article 374, paragraph (1)

The order of priority of mortgages may be changed with the agreement of all mortgagees; provided, however, that if there are interested persons, the consent of the same must be obtained.

抵当権の順位は、各抵当権者の合意によって変更することができる。ただし、利害関係を有する者があるときは、その承諾を得なければならない。

Article 374, paragraph (2)

The changes in order referred to in the preceding paragraph do not become effective unless registered.

前項の規定による順位の変更は、その登記をしなければ、その効力を生じない。

Article 375第三百七十五条

Scope of Secured Claims Under Mortgages(抵当権の被担保債権の範囲)
Article 375, paragraph (1)

If a mortgagee has the right to demand periodic payments including interest, that mortgagee may exercise the mortgage solely with respect to payments of the last two years before maturity; provided, however, that with respect to prior periodic payments, if special registration is effected after maturity, the mortgagee is not precluded from exercising the mortgage as from the time of that registration.

抵当権者は、利息その他の定期金を請求する権利を有するときは、その満期となった最後の二年分についてのみ、その抵当権を行使することができる。ただし、それ以前の定期金についても、満期後に特別の登記をしたときは、その登記の時からその抵当権を行使することを妨げない。

Article 375, paragraph (2)

If the mortgagee has the right to claim compensation for damage resulting from defaults in obligations, the provisions of the preceding paragraph also apply to the damage of the most recent two years; provided, however, that the aggregate period including the interest and other periodic payments may not exceed two years.

前項の規定は、抵当権者が債務の不履行によって生じた損害の賠償を請求する権利を有する場合におけるその最後の二年分についても適用する。ただし、利息その他の定期金と通算して二年分を超えることができない。

Article 376第三百七十六条

Disposition of Mortgages(抵当権の処分)
Article 376, paragraph (1)

A mortgagee may apply the mortgage to secure other claims, or assign or waive that mortgage, or its order of priority, for the benefit of other obligees of the same obligor.

抵当権者は、その抵当権を他の債権の担保とし、又は同一の債務者に対する他の債権者の利益のためにその抵当権若しくはその順位を譲渡し、若しくは放棄することができる。

Article 376, paragraph (2)

In the cases referred to in the preceding paragraph, if a mortgagee disposes of the mortgage for the benefit of two or more persons, the order of priority of the rights of persons who benefit from that disposition follows the chronological order of supplemental registration in the registration of the mortgage.

前項の場合において、抵当権者が数人のためにその抵当権の処分をしたときは、その処分の利益を受ける者の権利の順位は、抵当権の登記にした付記の前後による。

Article 377第三百七十七条

Requirements for Perfection of Disposition of Mortgages(抵当権の処分の対抗要件)
Article 377, paragraph (1)

In the cases in the preceding Article, the mortgagee may not duly assert the disposition of mortgages against principal obligors, guarantors, mortgagors or their respective successors unless the disposition is notified to the principal obligors or the principal obligors consent to that disposition in accordance with the provisions of Article 467.

前条の場合には、第四百六十七条の規定に従い、主たる債務者に抵当権の処分を通知し、又は主たる債務者がこれを承諾しなければ、これをもって主たる債務者、保証人、抵当権設定者及びこれらの者の承継人に対抗することができない。

Article 377, paragraph (2)

If the principal obligors have received the notice or given the consent pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, payments made without the consent of the persons who benefit of the disposition of the mortgage may not be duly asserted against those beneficiaries.

主たる債務者が前項の規定により通知を受け、又は承諾をしたときは、抵当権の処分の利益を受ける者の承諾を得ないでした弁済は、その受益者に対抗することができない。

Article 378第三百七十八条

Direct Satisfaction of Mortgage with Purchase Price(代価弁済)
Article 378, paragraph (1)

If a third party that purchases the ownership or superficies of a mortgaged immovables pays the price of the same to a mortgagee at the request of the same mortgagee, that mortgage is terminated for the benefit of that third party.

抵当不動産について所有権又は地上権を買い受けた第三者が、抵当権者の請求に応じてその抵当権者にその代価を弁済したときは、抵当権は、その第三者のために消滅する。

Article 379第三百七十九条

Claims for Extinguishment of Mortgages(抵当権消滅請求)
Article 379, paragraph (1)

A third party acquirer of a mortgaged immovables may make a claim for the extinguishment of a mortgage as prescribed in Article 383.

抵当不動産の第三取得者は、第三百八十三条の定めるところにより、抵当権消滅請求をすることができる。

Article 380第三百八十条

Article 380, paragraph (1)

No principal obligor, guarantor or successor of the same may make a claim for the extinguishment of a mortgage.

主たる債務者、保証人及びこれらの者の承継人は、抵当権消滅請求をすることができない。

Article 381第三百八十一条

Article 381, paragraph (1)

A third party acquirer of a mortgaged immovables that is subject to a condition precedent may not make a claim for the extinguishment of a mortgage while it is uncertain whether or not the condition precedent will be fulfilled.

抵当不動産の停止条件付第三取得者は、その停止条件の成否が未定である間は、抵当権消滅請求をすることができない。

Article 382第三百八十二条

Timing of Claims for Extinguishment of Mortgages(抵当権消滅請求の時期)
Article 382, paragraph (1)

A third party acquirer of a mortgaged immovables must make a claim for the extinguishment of a mortgage before seizure under auction procedure as a result of the enforcement of the mortgage takes effect.

抵当不動産の第三取得者は、抵当権の実行としての競売による差押えの効力が発生する前に、抵当権消滅請求をしなければならない。

Article 383第三百八十三条

Procedures for Claims for Extinguishment of Mortgages(抵当権消滅請求の手続)
Article 383, paragraph (1)

If a third party acquirer of a mortgaged immovables makes a claim for the extinguishment of a mortgage, that third party must send the documents stated below to each registered obligee:

抵当不動産の第三取得者は、抵当権消滅請求をするときは、登記をした各債権者に対し、次に掲げる書面を送付しなければならない。

Article 383, paragraph (1), item (i)

a document that specifies the cause and date of the acquisition, the name and address of the assignor and the acquirer, the nature, location and price of the mortgaged immovables and burdens of the acquirer;

取得の原因及び年月日、譲渡人及び取得者の氏名及び住所並びに抵当不動産の性質、所在及び代価その他取得者の負担を記載した書面

Article 383, paragraph (1), item (ii)

a certificate of registered information regarding the mortgaged immovables (limited to certificates certifying all registered information currently in effect); and

抵当不動産に関する登記事項証明書(現に効力を有する登記事項のすべてを証明したものに限る。)

Article 383, paragraph (1), item (iii)

a document to the effect that, if an obligee does not enforce the mortgage by filing a petition for auction within two months, the third party acquirer of the mortgaged immovables will pay the price provided for in item (i) or an amount specifically fixed in accordance with the order of priority of claims, or deposit the price or that amount with official depository.

債権者が二箇月以内に抵当権を実行して競売の申立てをしないときは、抵当不動産の第三取得者が第一号に規定する代価又は特に指定した金額を債権の順位に従って弁済し又は供託すべき旨を記載した書面

Article 384第三百八十四条

Deemed Approval of Obligees(債権者のみなし承諾)
Article 384, paragraph (1)

In the cases stated below, the obligee that has received the documents stated in each item of the preceding Article is deemed to have approved the price or amount that the third party acquirer of the mortgaged immovables has offered as stated in the document stated in item (iii) of that Article:

次に掲げる場合には、前条各号に掲げる書面の送付を受けた債権者は、抵当不動産の第三取得者が同条第三号に掲げる書面に記載したところにより提供した同号の代価又は金額を承諾したものとみなす。

Article 384, paragraph (1), item (i)

if the obligee does not enforce the mortgage by filing a petition for auction within two months after receipt of the documents stated in each item of the preceding Article;

その債権者が前条各号に掲げる書面の送付を受けた後二箇月以内に抵当権を実行して競売の申立てをしないとき。

Article 384, paragraph (1), item (ii)

if the obligee withdraws a petition under the preceding item;

その債権者が前号の申立てを取り下げたとき。

Article 384, paragraph (1), item (iii)

if a decision dismissing a petition under item (i) has become final and binding; or

第一号の申立てを却下する旨の決定が確定したとき。

Article 384, paragraph (1), item (iv)

if a decision revoking auction procedures based on a petition under item (i) (excluding rulings under the provisions of Article 63, paragraph (3) or Article 68-3, paragraph (3) of the Civil Enforcement Act applied mutatis mutandis under Article 188 of that Act, or under the provisions of Article 183, paragraph (2) of that Act if the document set out in paragraph (1), item (ii), (d) of that Article is submitted) has become final and binding.

第一号の申立てに基づく競売の手続を取り消す旨の決定(民事執行法第百八十八条において準用する同法第六十三条第三項若しくは第六十八条の三第三項の規定又は同法第百八十三条第一項第二号ニに掲げる文書が提出された場合における同条第二項の規定による決定を除く。)が確定したとき。

Article 385第三百八十五条

Notice of Petitions for Auction(競売の申立ての通知)
Article 385, paragraph (1)

If an obligee that has received the documents stated in each item of Article 383 files a petition under item (i) of the preceding Article, that obligee must give notice to that effect to the obligor and assignor of the mortgaged immovables within the period under that item.

第三百八十三条各号に掲げる書面の送付を受けた債権者は、前条第一号の申立てをするときは、同号の期間内に、債務者及び抵当不動産の譲渡人にその旨を通知しなければならない。

Article 386第三百八十六条

Effect of Claims for Extinguishment of Mortgages(抵当権消滅請求の効果)
Article 386, paragraph (1)

A mortgage is extinguished if all registered obligees approve the price or amount offered by the third party acquirer of the mortgaged immovables, and the third party acquirer of the mortgaged immovables has paid or deposited with the official depository the price or amount approved.

登記をしたすべての債権者が抵当不動産の第三取得者の提供した代価又は金額を承諾し、かつ、抵当不動産の第三取得者がその承諾を得た代価又は金額を払い渡し又は供託したときは、抵当権は、消滅する。

Article 387第三百八十七条

Perfection of Leases with Registered Consent of Mortgagees(抵当権者の同意の登記がある場合の賃貸借の対抗力)
Article 387, paragraph (1)

A registered lease may be duly asserted against mortgagees that hold mortgages registered before the registration of that lease if all mortgagees that hold those mortgages give their consent and those consents are registered.

登記をした賃貸借は、その登記前に登記をした抵当権を有するすべての者が同意をし、かつ、その同意の登記があるときは、その同意をした抵当権者に対抗することができる。

Article 387, paragraph (2)

For a mortgagee to give the consent referred to in the preceding paragraph, the approval of the persons that hold rights for which the mortgage is the subject matter and other persons who should suffer detriment as a result of the consent of the mortgagee must be obtained.

抵当権者が前項の同意をするには、その抵当権を目的とする権利を有する者その他抵当権者の同意によって不利益を受けるべき者の承諾を得なければならない。

Article 388第三百八十八条

Statutory Superficies(法定地上権)
Article 388, paragraph (1)

If the land and a building on that land belong to the same owner, a mortgage is created with respect to that land or building, and the enforcement of that mortgage causes them to belong to different owners, it is deemed that a superficies has been created with respect to that building. In this case, the rent is fixed by the court at the request of the parties.

土地及びその上に存する建物が同一の所有者に属する場合において、その土地又は建物につき抵当権が設定され、その実行により所有者を異にするに至ったときは、その建物について、地上権が設定されたものとみなす。この場合において、地代は、当事者の請求により、裁判所が定める。

Article 389第三百八十九条

Auction of Buildings on Mortgaged Lands(抵当地の上の建物の競売)
Article 389, paragraph (1)

If a building is constructed on a mortgaged land after the creation of a mortgage, the mortgagee may auction the building together with the land; provided, however, that the right of priority of that mortgagee may be exercised solely against the proceeds of the land.

抵当権の設定後に抵当地に建物が築造されたときは、抵当権者は、土地とともにその建物を競売することができる。ただし、その優先権は、土地の代価についてのみ行使することができる。

Article 389, paragraph (2)

The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if the owner of that building has rights with respect to the possession of the mortgaged land that may be duly asserted against the mortgagee.

前項の規定は、その建物の所有者が抵当地を占有するについて抵当権者に対抗することができる権利を有する場合には、適用しない。

Article 390第三百九十条

Purchases of Mortgaged Immovables by Third Party Acquirers(抵当不動産の第三取得者による買受け)
Article 390, paragraph (1)

A third party acquirer of a mortgaged immovables may be the purchaser at the auction of the same.

抵当不動産の第三取得者は、その競売において買受人となることができる。

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