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Civil Code

民法(みんぽう)

Chapter I General Provisions

The law as Act Partially Amending the Civil Code, etc. (Act No. 45 of 2026) leaves it, with the words it changes marked.

The main text is read a page at a time: a chapter to a page, and a long chapter in runs of articles. The whole main text, and the supplementary provisions and appended tables this amendment changes. Those it leaves untouched are on the page for the text in force.

Part II Real Rights第二編 物権

Chapter I General Provisions第一章 総則

Article 175第百七十五条

Establishment of Real Rights(物権の創設)
Article 175, paragraph (1)

No real right may be established other than those prescribed by laws including this Code.

物権は、この法律その他の法律に定めるもののほか、創設することができない。

Article 176第百七十六条

Creation and Transfer of Real Rights(物権の設定及び移転)
Article 176, paragraph (1)

The creation and transfer of a real right becomes effective solely by the manifestations of intention of the parties.

物権の設定及び移転は、当事者の意思表示のみによって、その効力を生ずる。

Article 177第百七十七条

Requirements of Perfection of Changes in Real Rights on Immovables(不動産に関する物権の変動の対抗要件)
Article 177, paragraph (1)

Acquisitions of, losses of and changes in real rights on immovables may not be duly asserted against any third parties, unless the same are registered pursuant to the applicable provisions of the Real Property Registration Act (Act No. 123 of 2004) and other laws regarding registration.

不動産に関する物権の得喪及び変更は、不動産登記法(平成十六年法律第百二十三号)その他の登記に関する法律の定めるところに従いその登記をしなければ、第三者に対抗することができない。

Article 178第百七十八条

Requirements of Perfection of Transfer of Real Rights Concerning Movables(動産に関する物権の譲渡の対抗要件)
Article 178, paragraph (1)

The transfer of a real right on movables may not be duly asserted against a third party, unless the movables are delivered.

動産に関する物権の譲渡は、その動産の引渡しがなければ、第三者に対抗することができない。

Article 179第百七十九条

Merger of Rights(混同)
Article 179, paragraph (1)

If ownership and another real right on the same thing are acquired by the same person, the other real right is extinguished; provided, however, that this does not apply if that thing or the other real right is the object of the right of a third party.

同一物について所有権及び他の物権が同一人に帰属したときは、当該他の物権は、消滅する。ただし、その物又は当該他の物権が第三者の権利の目的であるときは、この限りでない。

Article 179, paragraph (2)

If a real right other than ownership and another right for which that real right is the object are acquired by the same person, the other right is extinguished. In this case, the provisions of the proviso to the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis.

所有権以外の物権及びこれを目的とする他の権利が同一人に帰属したときは、当該他の権利は、消滅する。この場合においては、前項ただし書の規定を準用する。

Article 179, paragraph (3)

The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs do not apply to possessory rights.

前二項の規定は、占有権については、適用しない。

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