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Chapter VII Rights of Retention第七章 留置権
Article 295第二百九十五条
Content of Rights of Retention(留置権の内容)
Article 295, paragraph (1)
If a possessor of a thing belonging to another person has a claim that has arisen in relation to that thing, that possessor may retain that thing until that claim is satisfied; provided, however, that this does not apply if the relevant claim has not yet fallen due.
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if possession commenced by means of a tort act.
前項の規定は、占有が不法行為によって始まった場合には、適用しない。
Article 296第二百九十六条
Indivisibility of Rights of Retention(留置権の不可分性)
Article 296, paragraph (1)
A holder of a right of retention may exercise that holder's rights against the whole of the thing retained until the relevant claim is satisfied in its entirety.
留置権者は、債権の全部の弁済を受けるまでは、留置物の全部についてその権利を行使することができる。
Article 297第二百九十七条
Collection of Fruits by Holders of Rights of Retention(留置権者による果実の収取)
Article 297, paragraph (1)
A holder of a right of retention may collect fruits derived from the thing retained, and appropriate the same to the satisfaction of that holder's own claim before other obligees.
The fruits referred to in the preceding paragraph must be appropriated first to the payment of interest on the claim, and any remainder must be appropriated to the satisfaction of the principal.
前項の果実は、まず債権の利息に充当し、なお残余があるときは元本に充当しなければならない。
Article 298第二百九十八条
Custody of Thing Retained by Holders of Rights of Retention(留置権者による留置物の保管等)
Article 298, paragraph (1)
The holder of a right of retention must possess the thing retained with the due care of a prudent manager.
留置権者は、善良な管理者の注意をもって、留置物を占有しなければならない。
Article 298, paragraph (2)
The holder of the right of retention may not use, lease or provide as a security the thing retained unless that holder obtains the consent of the obligor; provided, however, that this does not apply to uses necessary for the preservation of that thing.
If the holder of a right of retention violates the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, the obligor may demand that the right of retention be terminated.
留置権者が前二項の規定に違反したときは、債務者は、留置権の消滅を請求することができる。
Article 299第二百九十九条
Demands for Reimbursement of Expenses by Holders of Rights of Retention(留置権者による費用の償還請求)
Article 299, paragraph (1)
If the holder of a right of retention incurs necessary expenses with respect to the thing retained, that holder may have the owner reimburse the same.
留置権者は、留置物について必要費を支出したときは、所有者にその償還をさせることができる。
Article 299, paragraph (2)
If the holder of a right of retention incurs beneficial expenses with respect to the thing retained, to the extent that there is currently an increase in value as a result of the same, that holder may have the expenses incurred or the increase in value reimbursed at the owner's choice; provided, however, that the court may, at the request of the owner, grant a reasonable period of time for the reimbursement of the same.
Exercise of Rights of Retention and Extinctive Prescription of Claims(留置権の行使と債権の消滅時効)
Article 300, paragraph (1)
The exercise of a right of retention does not preclude the running of extinctive prescription of claims.
留置権の行使は、債権の消滅時効の進行を妨げない。
Article 301第三百一条
Extinction of Rights of Retention by Provision of Security(担保の供与による留置権の消滅)
Article 301, paragraph (1)
An obligor may demand that a right of retention be terminated by providing a reasonable security.
債務者は、相当の担保を供して、留置権の消滅を請求することができる。
Article 302第三百二条
Extinction of Rights of Retention by Loss of Possession(占有の喪失による留置権の消滅)
Article 302, paragraph (1)
A right of retention is extinguished if the holder of the right of retention loses possession of the thing retained; provided, however, that this does not apply if the thing retained is leased or it is made the subject of a pledge pursuant to the provisions of Article 298, paragraph (2).