If a director, accounting advisor, company auditor, executive officer or financial auditor (hereinafter in this Chapter referred to as "officers, etc.") neglects their duties, they are liable to the stock company for damages arising as a result thereof.
取締役、会計参与、監査役、執行役又は会計監査人（以下この章において「役員等」という。）は、その任務を怠ったときは、株式会社に対し、これによって生じた損害を賠償する責任を負う。
If a director or executive officer engages in a transaction set forth in Article 356, paragraph (1), item (i) in violation of the provisions of Article 356, paragraph (1) (including cases where applied mutatis mutandis under Article 419, paragraph (2); hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph), the amount of the profits obtained by the director, executive officer or a third party as a result of the transaction is presumed to be the amount of the damages under the preceding paragraph.
取締役又は執行役が第三百五十六条第一項（第四百十九条第二項において準用する場合を含む。以下この項において同じ。）の規定に違反して第三百五十六条第一項第一号の取引をしたときは、当該取引によって取締役、執行役又は第三者が得た利益の額は、前項の損害の額と推定する。
If a stock company incurs damages as a result of the transaction provided for in Article 356, paragraph (1), item (ii) or item (iii) of (including cases where these provisions are applied mutatis mutandis under Article 419, paragraph (2)), the following directors or executive officers are presumed to have neglected their duties:
第三百五十六条第一項第二号又は第三号（これらの規定を第四百十九条第二項において準用する場合を含む。）の取引によって株式会社に損害が生じたときは、次に掲げる取締役又は執行役は、その任務を怠ったものと推定する。
directors and executive officers provided for in Article 356, paragraph (1) (including cases where applied mutatis mutandis under Article 419, paragraph (2));
第三百五十六条第一項（第四百十九条第二項において準用する場合を含む。）の取締役又は執行役
directors and executive officers who decided that the stock company would undertake relevant transaction; or
株式会社が当該取引をすることを決定した取締役又は執行役
directors who agreed to the board of directors' resolution approving that transaction (for a company with nominating committee, etc., limited to cases where relevant transaction is a transaction between the company with nominating committee, etc. and the directors or is a transaction that gives rise to a conflict of interests between the company with nominating committee, etc. and the directors).
当該取引に関する取締役会の承認の決議に賛成した取締役（指名委員会等設置会社においては、当該取引が指名委員会等設置会社と取締役との間の取引又は指名委員会等設置会社と取締役との利益が相反する取引である場合に限る。）
In the cases set forth in Article 356, paragraph (1), item (ii) or (iii) of, the provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply when directors (excluding those who are audit and supervisory committee members) under the same paragraph receive approval of the audit and supervisory committee for the transactions.
前項の規定は、第三百五十六条第一項第二号又は第三号に掲げる場合において、同項の取締役（監査等委員であるものを除く。）が当該取引につき監査等委員会の承認を受けたときは、適用しない。
Read this with the articles around it
(Restrictions on Competition and Conflicting Interest Transactions)
In the following cases, a director must disclose the material facts on the relevant transactions at a shareholders meeting and obtain approval of the shareholders meeting:
取締役は、次に掲げる場合には、株主総会において、当該取引につき重要な事実を開示し、その承認を受けなければならない。
Open this provision(Restrictions on Competition and Conflicting Interest Transactions)
if the director intends to carry out, for themselves or for a third party, any transactions in the line of business of the stock company;
取締役が自己又は第三者のために株式会社の事業の部類に属する取引をしようとするとき。
Open this provision(Restrictions on Competition and Conflicting Interest Transactions)
if the director intends to carry out any transactions with the stock company for themselves or for a third party; or
取締役が自己又は第三者のために株式会社と取引をしようとするとき。
Open this provision(Restrictions on Competition and Conflicting Interest Transactions)
if a stock company intends to guarantee debts of a director or otherwise to carry out any transactions with a person other than the director that results in a conflict of interests between the stock…
株式会社が取締役の債務を保証することその他取締役以外の者との間において株式会社と当該取締役との利益が相反する取引をしようとするとき。
Open this provision(Executive Officer's Duty to Report to Audit Committee Members)
The provisions of Article 355, Article 356 and Article 365, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis to executive officers.
第三百五十五条、第三百五十六条及び第三百六十五条第二項の規定は、執行役について準用する。この場合において、第三百五十六条第一項中「株主総会」とあるのは「取締役会」と、第三百六十五条第二項中「取締役会設置会社においては、第三百五十六条第一項各号」とあるのは「第三百五十六条第一項各号」と読み替えるものとする。
Open this provision(Liability of Officers to Stock Companies for Damages)
If a director, accounting advisor, company auditor, executive officer or financial auditor (hereinafter in this Chapter referred to as "officers, etc.") neglects their duties…
取締役、会計参与、監査役、執行役又は会計監査人（以下この章において「役員等」という。）は、その任務を怠ったときは、株式会社に対し、これによって生じた損害を賠償する責任を負う。
Open this provision(Liability of Officers to Stock Companies for Damages)
If a director or executive officer engages in a transaction set forth in Article 356, paragraph (1), item (i) in violation of the provisions of Article 356…
取締役又は執行役が第三百五十六条第一項（第四百十九条第二項において準用する場合を含む。以下この項において同じ。）の規定に違反して第三百五十六条第一項第一号の取引をしたときは、当該取引によって取締役、執行役又は第三者が得た利益の額は、前項の損害の額と推定する。
Open this provision(Liability of Officers to Stock Companies for Damages)
If a stock company incurs damages as a result of the transaction provided for in Article 356, paragraph (1), item (ii) or item (iii) of…
第三百五十六条第一項第二号又は第三号（これらの規定を第四百十九条第二項において準用する場合を含む。）の取引によって株式会社に損害が生じたときは、次に掲げる取締役又は執行役は、その任務を怠ったものと推定する。
Open this provisioncompany with nominating committee, etc.machine translation
「指名委員会等設置会社」
A stock company with a nominating committee, an audit committee and a remuneration committee, each made up of directors.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (1), item (xii)· applies throughout the law
audit and supervisory committee membermachine translation
「監査等委員」
A member of the audit and supervisory committee of a company with audit and supervisory committee.
Defined inArticle 38, paragraph (2)
officers, etc.
「役員等」
The directors, accounting advisors, company auditors, executive officers and financial auditor of a stock company, who are liable to it for damages if they neglect their duties.
Short name set inArticle 423, paragraph (1)· applies only in this chapter
board of directors
取締役会
The body made up of all of a stock company's directors (Companies Act, Article 362, paragraph (1)). It decides how the company's business is carried out, supervises the directors, and appoints and removes the representative directors (代表取締役) (Article 362, paragraphs (2) and (3)) — except in a company with a nominating committee and the other committees (指名委員会等設置会社), where it appoints representative executive officers (代表執行役) instead (Articles 416 and 420). Some decisions, such as disposing of important assets or borrowing a large amount, it normally may not hand to the directors (Article 362, paragraph (4)). A company with an audit and supervisory committee (監査等委員会設置会社) can hand more of them to directors (Article 399-13, paragraphs (5) and (6)), and a company with the committees hands them to executive officers (執行役) rather than directors (Article 416, paragraphs (3) and (4)). A company chooses in its articles of incorporation whether to have one (Article 326, paragraph (2)), but a public company (公開会社), among others, must (Article 327, paragraph (1)): a public company is one whose articles of incorporation let at least some of its shares change hands without the company's approval (Article 2, item (v)). A company with a board must have at least three directors (Article 331, paragraph (5)).
Written by AI using Companies Act, Arts. 2, 326, 327, 331, 362, 399-13, 416, 420 as a reference.
company auditor
監査役
An officer of a stock company, elected by the shareholders meeting (Companies Act, Article 329, paragraph (1)), whose job is to audit how the directors carry out their duties and to write an audit report on it (Article 381, paragraph (1)). Not an outside accountant — that is the financial auditor (会計監査人) — and not a director: a company auditor may not also be a director or employee of the company or its subsidiaries (Article 335, paragraph (2)). The term normally runs to the annual shareholders meeting for the last business year ending within four years of election (Article 336, paragraph (1)).
Written by AI using Companies Act, Arts. 329, 335, 336, 381 as a reference.
director
取締役
An officer of a stock company, elected by the shareholders meeting (Companies Act, Article 329, paragraph (1)). Every stock company has at least one (Article 326, paragraph (1)). Where there is no board of directors, the directors run the company's business unless the articles of incorporation say otherwise (Article 348, paragraph (1)), and each of them represents it unless the company has chosen representative directors (代表取締役) or others to do that (Article 349, paragraphs (1) and (3)). Where there is a board (取締役会, board of directors), the directors are its members, and the board decides the business and normally chooses the representative directors from among them (Article 362). The term normally runs to the annual shareholders meeting for the last business year ending within two years of election (Article 332, paragraph (1)).
Written by AI using Companies Act, Arts. 326, 329, 332, 348, 349, 362 as a reference.