motor vehicle
自動車（ じどうしゃ ）
A vehicle that runs on a motor without rails or overhead wires, or that carries out specified automated operation (特定自動運行), other than motorized bicycles (原動機付自転車), light road vehicles (軽車両), small mobility vehicles (移動用小型車), vehicles for persons with physical disabilities (身体障害者用の車), remotely operated small vehicles (遠隔操作型小型車), and walking-aid carts, prams and other small vehicles used while walking that a Cabinet Order (政令) specifies (歩行補助車等).
原動機を用い、かつ、レール又は架線によらないで運転する車又は特定自動運行を行う車であつて、原動機付自転車、軽車両、移動用小型車、身体障害者用の車及び遠隔操作型小型車並びに歩行補助車、乳母車その他の歩きながら用いる小型の車で政令で定めるもの（以下「歩行補助車等」という。）以外のもの
Article 2, paragraph (1), item (ix) See it in the glossary driving
運転（ うんてん ）
Using a vehicle or streetcar on a road as it is meant to be used, including moving a motor vehicle or motorized bicycle by pedals or other human-powered gear it has besides its motor, but not specified automated operation (特定自動運行).
道路において、車両又は路面電車（以下「車両等」という。）をその本来の用い方に従つて用いること（原動機に加えてペダルその他の人の力により走行させることができる装置を備えている自動車又は原動機付自転車にあつては当該装置を用いて走行させる場合を含み、特定自動運行を行う場合を除く。）
Article 2, paragraph (1), item (xvii) See it in the glossary heavy towable vehicle
重被牽引車（ じゅうひけんいんしゃ ）
A light road vehicle (軽車両) built and equipped to be towed whose gross vehicle weight, as defined in the Road Transport Vehicle Act, exceeds 750 kilograms.
Article 51-4, paragraph (1) See it in the glossary passenger motor carrier services
旅客自動車運送事業（ りょかくじどうしゃうんそうじぎょう ）
A business of carrying passengers by motor vehicle for payment to meet others' demand, as Article 2, paragraph (3) of the Road Transportation Act defines it: the general services listed in Article 3 of that Act — shared-ride, chartered and hired-car — and specified services for a particular party.
Article 64, paragraph (3) See it in the glossary motor vehicle equipped for towing
牽引自動車（ けんいんじどうしゃ ）
A large, mid-sized, semi-mid-sized, standard or special large motor vehicle with the structure and equipment for towing.
Article 75-8-2, paragraph (1) See it in the glossary license
免許（ めんきょ ）
A driving license (運転免許) granted by a prefectural public safety commission (都道府県公安委員会).
Article 84, paragraph (1) See it in the glossary motor vehicle or motorized bicycle
自動車等（ じどうしゃとう ）
Motor vehicles (自動車) and general motorized bicycles (一般原動機付自転車), the vehicles a person must hold a driver's license (運転免許) to drive.
Article 84, paragraph (1) See it in the glossary provisional license
仮免許（ かりめんきょ ）
A provisional driving license (仮運転免許), the third category of driving license beside class 1 and class 2 licenses, which under Article 87 lets a person drive a large, mid-sized, semi-mid-sized or standard motor vehicle only for practice or in a driving test or skills evaluation (技能検定).
Article 84, paragraph (2) See it in the glossary class 1 license
第一種免許（ だいいっしゅめんきょ ）
A class 1 driver's license (第一種運転免許), one of the three classes of license under Article 84, paragraph (2) beside class 2 licenses (第二種免許) and provisional licenses (仮免許); Article 84, paragraph (3) divides it into ten kinds.
Article 84, paragraph (2) See it in the glossary class 2 license
第二種免許（ だいにしゅめんきょ ）
A class 2 driver's license (第二種運転免許), one of the three classes of license under Article 84, paragraph (2) beside class 1 licenses (第一種免許) and provisional licenses (仮免許); Article 84, paragraph (4) divides it into five kinds.
Article 84, paragraph (2) See it in the glossary M-MVL
中型免許（ ちゅうがためんきょ ）
A mid-sized motor vehicle license (中型自動車免許), the class 1 license (第一種免許) needed under Article 85, paragraph (1) to drive a mid-sized motor vehicle (中型自動車); under Article 85, paragraph (2) it also covers semi-mid-sized and standard motor vehicles, special small motor vehicles and general motorized bicycles.
Article 84, paragraph (3) See it in the glossary L-MVL
大型免許（ おおがためんきょ ）
A large motor vehicle license (大型自動車免許), the class 1 license (第一種免許) needed under Article 85, paragraph (1) to drive a large motor vehicle (大型自動車); under Article 85, paragraph (2) it also covers mid-sized, semi-mid-sized and standard motor vehicles, special small motor vehicles and general motorized bicycles.
Article 84, paragraph (3) See it in the glossary SL-MVL
大型特殊免許（ おおがたとくしゅめんきょ ）
A special large motor vehicle license (大型特殊自動車免許), the class 1 license (第一種免許) needed under Article 85, paragraph (1) to drive a special large motor vehicle (大型特殊自動車); under Article 85, paragraph (2) it also covers special small motor vehicles and general motorized bicycles.
Article 84, paragraph (3) See it in the glossary S-MVL
普通免許（ ふつうめんきょ ）
A standard motor vehicle license (普通自動車免許), the class 1 license (第一種免許) needed under Article 85, paragraph (1) to drive a standard motor vehicle (普通自動車); under Article 85, paragraph (2) it also covers special small motor vehicles and general motorized bicycles.
Article 84, paragraph (3) See it in the glossary SM-MVL
準中型免許（ じゅんちゅうがためんきょ ）
A semi-mid-sized motor vehicle license (準中型自動車免許), one of the kinds of class 1 license (第一種免許) that Article 84, paragraph (3) sets out; the supplementary provisions (附則) of Act No. 40 of 2015 use the term for that license as that Act left Article 84, when deeming licenses held under the earlier wording to be licenses of the new kinds.
Article 84, paragraph (3) See it in the glossary class 2 M-MVL
中型第二種免許（ ちゅうがただいにしゅめんきょ ）
A class 2 mid-sized motor vehicle license (中型自動車第二種免許), the class 2 license (第二種免許) that Article 86, paragraph (1) requires for driving a mid-sized or semi-mid-sized motor vehicle (中型自動車, 準中型自動車) used for passenger motor carrier services (旅客自動車運送事業) in order to carry its passengers.
Article 84, paragraph (4) See it in the glossary class 2 SL-MVL
大型特殊第二種免許（ おおがたとくしゅだいにしゅめんきょ ）
A class 2 special large motor vehicle license (大型特殊自動車第二種免許), the class 2 license (第二種免許) that Article 86, paragraph (1) requires for driving a special large motor vehicle (大型特殊自動車) used for passenger motor carrier services (旅客自動車運送事業) in order to carry its passengers.
Article 84, paragraph (4) See it in the glossary class 2 L-MVL
大型第二種免許（ おおがただいにしゅめんきょ ）
A class 2 large motor vehicle license (大型自動車第二種免許), the class 2 license (第二種免許) that Article 86, paragraph (1) requires for driving a large motor vehicle (大型自動車) used for passenger motor carrier services (旅客自動車運送事業) in order to carry its passengers.
Article 84, paragraph (4) See it in the glossary class 2 S-MVL
普通第二種免許（ ふつうだいにしゅめんきょ ）
A class 2 standard motor vehicle license (普通自動車第二種免許), one of the kinds of class 2 license (第二種免許) that Article 84, paragraph (4) sets out; the supplementary provisions (附則) of Act No. 90 of 2004 and Act No. 40 of 2015 use the term for that license as each of those Acts left Article 84, when deeming licenses held under the earlier wording to be licenses of the new kinds.
Article 84, paragraph (4) See it in the glossary vehicle used for passenger services
旅客用車両（ りょかくようしゃりょう ）
A heavy towable vehicle (重被牽引車) used for passenger motor carrier services (旅客自動車運送事業).
Article 85, paragraph (11) See it in the glossary motor vehicle used for passenger services
旅客自動車（ りょかくじどうしゃ ）
A motor vehicle used for passenger motor carrier services (旅客自動車運送事業).
Article 85, paragraph (11) See it in the glossary standard motor vehicle that is to be driven by a professional designated driver
代行運転普通自動車（ だいこううんてんふつうじどうしゃ ）
A standard motor vehicle (普通自動車) that a substitute driving business is driving on its customer's behalf — a service mainly for customers who have been drinking — as Article 2, paragraph (6) of the Act on Regulation of Substitute Driving Service defines such a vehicle.
Article 85, paragraph (12) See it in the glossary